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Liu YF, Luo XY, Zhao ZC, Zheng W, Lv HY, Luo WM. Association between optic atrophy 1 polymorphisms and primary open angle glaucoma risk: Based on a meta-analysis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:708-718. [PMID: 37872653 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231208244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggested a significant association between optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) polymorphisms and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) risk. However, the current data are inconsistent or even contradictory. Given these, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the precise association between OPA1 polymorphisms and POAG risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online databases were retrieved, and the related studies were reviewed from inception to December 1, 2022. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the statistical power of each genetic model. In addition, heterogeneity, sensitivity, cumulative analysis, and publication bias were analyzed to guarantee statistical power. RESULT Overall, 14 studies within 11 publications (involving 2,413 POAG patients and 1,904 controls) were included and some significant association between OPA1 rs166850 C/T (T vs. C: OR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.06-1.45, P = 0.01, I2 = 39.0%; CT vs. CC: OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.05-1.79, P = 0.02, I2 = 41.6%; CT + TT vs. CC: 1.37, 95%CI = 1.06-1.77, P = 0.02, I2 = 41.6%), rs10451941T/C (TC + CC vs. TT: OR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.41-2.28, P < 0.01, I2 = 71.9%) polymorphisms and POAG susceptibility. In addition, further significant associations were also observed in the stratified analysis, especially in normal tension glaucoma groups and Caucasian descendants. CONCLUSION The observed evidences suggest that OPA1 polymorphisms may be associate with POAG susceptibility significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Feng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Cai Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wudang Mountain Campus of Taihe Hospital Shiyan, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Wu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Yang Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Min Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Stavropoulos D, Grewal MK, Petriti B, Chau KY, Hammond CJ, Garway-Heath DF, Lascaratos G. The Role of Mitophagy in Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration. Cells 2023; 12:1969. [PMID: 37566048 PMCID: PMC10417839 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a better understanding of the emerging role of mitophagy in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, which is the primary cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence from genetic and other experimental studies suggests that mitophagy-related genes are implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma in various populations. The association between polymorphisms in these genes and increased risk of glaucoma is presented. Reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, while clinical trials highlight the inadequacy of IOP-lowering therapeutic approaches to prevent sight loss in many glaucoma patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to increase the susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to other risk factors and is implicated in glaucomatous degeneration. Mitophagy holds a vital role in mitochondrial quality control processes, and the current review explores the mitophagy-related pathways which may be linked to glaucoma and their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stavropoulos
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Department of Ophthalmology, 417 Veterans Army Hospital (NIMTS), 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Manjot K. Grewal
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Bledi Petriti
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - David F. Garway-Heath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Gerassimos Lascaratos
- Department of Ophthalmology, King’s College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK;
- Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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Yang YM, Liu YP, Li DY, Yu M, Gong B, Wang L, Shuai P. Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with primary open angle glaucoma: a Meta-analysis based on 18 case-control studies. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:896-902. [PMID: 34150546 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.06.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To systematically understand the genetic association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS A comprehensive literature search in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Citation Index, Foreign Medical Literature Retrieval Service, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Databases was performed to collect all eligible studies up to August 2019. Study selection, data abstraction and study quality evaluation were performed by two independent investigators. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association. RESULTS Eighteen case-control studies including 2156 cases and 2201 controls were identified. There was no significant difference in the terms of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and POAG in the Caucasian population (for T vs C OR=1.11, 95%CI: 0.88 to 1.39; for TT vs CC OR=1.01, 95%CI: 0.76 to 1.36; for TT+TC vs CC OR=1.15, 95%CI: 0.84 to 1.58 and for TT vs TC+CC OR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.78 to 1.33). However, a significant effect was revealed in the Asian population (for T vs C OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.12 to 1.59; for TT+TC vs CC OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.14 to 1.76). CONCLUSION Based on 18 eligible studies, we provide a correlation between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and POAG among the Asians subgroup indicating that the T allele or TT +TC genotype may play a critical role in POAG development in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Yang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Liu
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong-Yu Li
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Man Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Gong
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan Province, China
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Molecular Genetics of Glaucoma: Subtype and Ethnicity Considerations. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010055. [PMID: 33396423 PMCID: PMC7823611 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, the world’s leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a complex disease, with differential presentation as well as ethnic and geographic disparities. The multifactorial nature of glaucoma complicates the study of genetics and genetic involvement in the disease process. This review synthesizes the current literature on glaucoma and genetics, as stratified by glaucoma subtype and ethnicity. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common cause of glaucoma worldwide, with the only treatable risk factor (RF) being the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). Genes associated with elevated IOP or POAG risk include: ABCA1, AFAP1, ARHGEF12, ATXN2, CAV1, CDKN2B-AS1, FOXC1, GAS7, GMDS, SIX1/SIX6, TMCO1, and TXNRD2. However, there are variations in RF and genetic factors based on ethnic and geographic differences; it is clear that unified molecular pathways accounting for POAG pathogenesis remain uncertain, although inflammation and senescence likely play an important role. There are similar ethnic and geographic complexities in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), but several genes have been associated with this disorder, including MMP9, HGF, HSP70, MFRP, and eNOS. In exfoliation glaucoma (XFG), genes implicated include LOXL1, CACNA1A, POMP, TMEM136, AGPAT1, RBMS3, and SEMA6A. Despite tremendous progress, major gaps remain in resolving the genetic architecture for the various glaucoma subtypes across ancestries. Large scale carefully designed studies are required to advance understanding of genetic loci as RF in glaucoma pathophysiology and to improve diagnosis and treatment options.
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6
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Chen M, Yu X, Xu J, Ma J, Chen X, Chen B, Gu Y, Wang K. Association of Gene Polymorphisms With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:1105-1121. [PMID: 30901387 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Yu
- Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- Eye Center, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Zhang L, Chen B. Correlation between MTHFR polymorphisms and glaucoma: A meta-analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00538. [PMID: 30851082 PMCID: PMC6465672 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms are implicated in glaucoma remains controversial. Therefore, we performed this study to better assess the relationship between MTHFR polymorphisms and the likelihood of glaucoma. Methods A systematic research of PubMed, Medline, and Embase was performed to retrieve relevant articles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results A total of 18 studies with 7,168 participants were analyzed. In overall analyses, a significant association with the likelihood of glaucoma was detected for the rs1801133 polymorphism in dominant (p = 0.04, OR = 0.90, 95%CI 0.81–1.00) and allele (p = 0.02, OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.84–0.98) comparisons. Further, subgroup analyses by ethnicity revealed that both rs1801131 and rs1801133 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the likelihood of glaucoma in West Asians. However, no positive results were detected for two investigated polymorphisms in East Asians and Caucasians. Conclusion Our findings indicated that rs1801131 and rs1801133 polymorphisms may serve as genetic biomarkers of glaucoma in West Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, China
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8
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Stamenkovic M, Lukic V, Suvakov S, Simic T, Sencanic I, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Jaksic V, Babovic S, Matic M, Radosavljevic A, Savic-Radojevic A, Djukic T. GSTM1-null and GSTT1-active genotypes as risk determinants of primary open angle glaucoma among smokers. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1514-1520. [PMID: 30225227 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate glutathione transferase theta 1 and mu 1 (GSTT1 and GSTM1) polymorphisms as determinants of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) risk, independently or in combination with cigarette smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. METHODS A case-control study with 102 POAG patients and 202 age and gender-matched controls was carried out. Multiplex-polymerase chain reaction method was used for the analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. The differences between two groups were tested by the t-test or χ2 test. Logistic regression analysis was used for assessing the risk for disease development. RESULTS The presence of GSTM1-null genotype did not contribute independently towards the risk of POAG. However, individuals with GSTT1-active genotype were at almost two-fold increased risk to develop glaucoma (P=0.044) which increased up to 4.36 when combined with GSTM1-null carriers (P=0.024). When glutathione transferase (GST) genotypes were analyzed in association with cigarette smoking, hypertension and diabetes, only carriers of GSTT1-active genotype had significantly increased risk of POAG development in comparison with GSTT1-null genotype individuals with no history of smoking, hypertension and diabetes, respectively (OR=3.52, P=0.003; OR=10.02, P<0.001; OR=4.53, P=0.002). CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate that both GSTM1-null and GSTT1-active genotypes are associated with increased POAG risk among smokers, suggesting potential gene-environment interaction in glaucoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Stamenkovic
- University Eye Clinic, Medical Center Zvezdara, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna Lukic
- University Eye Clinic, Medical Center Zvezdara, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Sonja Suvakov
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ivan Sencanic
- University Eye Clinic, Medical Center Zvezdara, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna Jaksic
- University Eye Clinic, Medical Center Zvezdara, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Sinisa Babovic
- University Eye Clinic, Medical Center Zvezdara, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Matic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Radosavljevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Hospital for Eye Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Djukic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Malik MA, Gupta V, Shukla S, Kaur J. Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) polymorphisms and JOAG susceptibility: A case control study and meta-analysis in glaucoma. Gene 2017; 628:246-252. [PMID: 28710033 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione S transferase (GST) polymorphisms have been considered risk factors for the development of glaucoma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes with juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) in Indian patients. METHODS A case-control study was performed to investigate the associations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in juvenile open-angle glaucoma. The genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined in 73 juvenile open-angle glaucoma patients, and 70 controls matched by age and sex by polymerase chain reaction method. We also performed a meta-analysis of sixteen published studies on GSTM1 and GSTT1 and evaluated the association between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and glaucoma (JOAG & POAG). Published literature from PubMed and other databases were retrieved. All studies evaluating the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and glaucoma (JOAG & POAG) risk were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random- or fixed-effects model. RESULTS In the present study, we observed there is no association of GSTM1 (OR=0.680; 95% CI=0.323-1.433; p=0.311) or GSTT1 (OR=0.698; 95% CI=0.307-1.586; p=0.391) with JOAG. In the present meta-analysis, significantly increased glaucoma (JOAG & POAG) risk was found among subjects carrying GSTM1 null genotype (OR=1.177; 95% CI=1.028-1.348; p=0.018) but not among subjects carrying GSTT1 deletion genotype (OR=1.186; 95% CI=0.992-1.417; p=0.061). CONCLUSIONS The present case-control study found that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism are not associated with JOAG risk in North Indian population. The present meta-analysis suggested that there might be a significant association of GSTM1 null genotype with glaucoma (JOAG & POAG) risk. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the world to investigate role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with JOAG susceptibility. Given the limited sample size, the associations between GST polymorphism and glaucoma risk needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad Malik
- Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Cancer Diagnostic and Research Centre, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, Srinagar, J&K 190011, India
| | - Viney Gupta
- Glaucoma Research Facility and Clinical Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Shukla
- Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jasbir Kaur
- Department of Ocular Biochemistry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Association of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism with primary glaucoma in Saudi population. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:156. [PMID: 27585654 PMCID: PMC5009653 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a critical enzyme in folate metabolism is involved in DNA synthesis, DNA repair and DNA methylation. The functional polymorphism of MTHFR gene, C677T has been shown to impact various diseases and implicated as a risk factor for the development of various neurodegenerative disorders including glaucoma. Methods We investigated MTHFR C677T genotypes and alleles frequencies in primary glaucoma [primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)] patients and matched healthy controls in a case-control study. Two hundred ten primary glaucoma cases were studied for MTHFR C677T polymorphism and compared with 280 controls taken from the healthy population, employing the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). The MTHFR gene was amplified using specific primers. The PCR products (294 bp) was subsequently digested with HinfI (New England Biolabs) at 37 °C for 12 h, separated by electrophoresis on 2 % agarose gels, and visualized with ethidium bromide staining. The restriction digestion yielded 168 and 126 bp fragments for TT, 294, 168 and 126 bp fragments for CT and undigested PCR product 294 bp indicating CC genotype. Results We found the frequency of the genotypes and alleles of MTHFR C677T differ significantly between cases and controls. The frequencies of allele T and genotype CT were significantly higher while the frequencies of allele C and genotype CC were lower in primary glaucoma patients as compared to controls (p <0.05). Upon stratification of our results into POAG and PACG, significantly higher frequencies of allele T (19.44 %) and genotype CT (38.89 %) were found in POAG patients compared to controls (12.5 % and 25 % respectively). The frequencies of alleles and genotypes were almost similar in PACG and controls (p = 0.8). Conclusion This study indicates that the allele T and genotype CT of MTHFR C677T polymorphism are significantly associated with POAG while allele C and CC genotype may be protective for it. We conclude that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism increases the risk for POAG development in Saudi population and can be a genetic marker however, further studies are needed with multiple-ethnic populations affected with POAG to strengthen these findings.
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Zhao R, Yin D, Wang E, Si B. The effect of MTHFR ala222val polymorphism on open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Genet 2014; 36:27-30. [PMID: 25317717 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2014.969379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, among which primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma in some populations. To date, published data on the association between MTHFR (Ala222Val) polymorphism and POAG risk are still inconclusive. In this work, we performed a meta-analysis of available case-control study in order to assess the association between MTHFR (Ala222Val) polymorphism and POAG susceptibility. In total we compiled 13 studies (1970 POAG patients and 1712 control subjects) into the meta-analysis. Overall, no obvious associations between MTHFR (Ala222Val) polymorphism and POAG susceptibility was found under all four genetic models (Val/Val versus Ala/Ala: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.77-1.43; Ala/Val versus Ala/Ala: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.86-1.26; Ala/Val + Val/Val versus Ala/Ala: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.87-1.34; Val/Val versus Ala/Val + Ala/Ala: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.67-1.92). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, significant associations were still not observed in all genetic models. In conclusion, based on 13 eligible studies, the result provided strong evidences that MTHFR Ala222Val polymorphism is not associated with POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department, General Hospital of Air Force , Beijing , China
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12
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Salem TI, Abdullah OA, Abdulhamid AM. Polymorphism of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Gene in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and its Effect on Treatment. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.328.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Are glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1) associated with primary open angle glaucoma? A meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 527:311-5. [PMID: 23827458 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase (GST) variants have been considered as risk factors for the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). However, the results have been inconsistent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and the risk for POAG. METHODS Published literature from PubMed and EMBASE databases was retrieved. All studies evaluating the association between GSTM1/GSTT1 variants and POAG were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS 14 studies (1711 POAG cases and 1537 controls) were included in the meta-analysis of GSTM1 genotypes and 10 studies (1306 POAG cases and 1114 controls) were included in the meta-analysis of GSTT1 genotypes. The overall result showed that the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes and risk for POAG was not statistically significant (GSTM1: OR=1.19, 95% CI=0.82-1.73, p=0.361; GSTT1: OR=1.26, 95% CI=0.77-2.06, p=0.365). The results by ethnicity showed that the association between the GSTM1 null genotype and risk for POAG is statistically significant in East Asians (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.04-1.90, p=0.026), but not in Caucasians (OR=1.13, 95% CI=0.69-1.84, p=0.638) and Latin-American (OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.62-1.92, p=0.767). In addition, there was no significant association of GSTT1 null genotype with risk for POAG in either ethnic population. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis suggested that there might be a significant association of GSTM1 null genotype with POAG risk in East Asians.
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