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Ural Fatihoglu O, Fatihoglu SG. The ganglion cell complex damage in coronary artery disease. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103789. [PMID: 37666380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the correlation between macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness, and Gensini scores in patients who have undergone coronary angiography, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated optical coherence tomography results from patients who had undergone coronary angiography between January 2019 and January 2021 due to coronary artery disease, with angiography performed within one month of the optical coherence tomography examination. Based on their Gensini scores, patients were classified into two groups: mild coronary artery disease (Gensini score ≤ 20, Group 1) and severe coronary artery disease (Gensini score > 20, Group 2). RESULTS Group 1 comprised 28 patients with an average age of 61.3 ± 10.2, while Group 2 consisted of 25 patients with an average age of 65.4 ± 9.6. While there was no statistically significant difference found in retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness between the groups, the ganglion cell complex thickness was significantly thinner in Group 2 in the inner superior temporal (112.55 ± 34.12 µm vs. 99.68 ± 37.81 µm, p = 0.026), inner superior nasal (121.14 ± 32.92 µm vs. 108.36±24.53 µm, p = 0.012), inner inferior nasal (120.81 ± 32.34 µm vs. 108.45 ± 12.53 µm, p = 0.048), and superior (99.11 ± 25.91 µm vs. 88.77 ± 16.75 µm, p = 0.020) regions. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was observed between the Gensini score and the ganglion cell complex thickness in both the inner superior nasal and superior regions. CONCLUSION Compared to patients with mild coronary artery disease, those with severe disease exhibited a significant decrease in ganglion cell complex thickness in the superior and inner superior nasal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ural Fatihoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Akhisar Mustafa Kirazoglu State Hospital, P.O: 45200, Manisa, Turkey.
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Ma X, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Chen Z, Xu M, He L, Shi T, Huang L, Zou J. Low dosage chloroquine protects retinal ganglion cells against glutamate-induced cell death. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:285-293. [PMID: 30831085 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zufeng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manshan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Linping He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingli Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guanghua Integrative Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Instistute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Davies B, Brown LA, Cais O, Watson J, Clayton AJ, Chang VT, Biggs D, Preece C, Hernandez-Pliego P, Krohn J, Bhomra A, Twigg SRF, Rimmer A, Kanapin A, Sen A, Zaiwalla Z, McVean G, Foster R, Donnelly P, Taylor JC, Blair E, Nutt D, Aricescu AR, Greger IH, Peirson SN, Flint J, Martin HC. A point mutation in the ion conduction pore of AMPA receptor GRIA3 causes dramatically perturbed sleep patterns as well as intellectual disability. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3869-3882. [PMID: 29016847 PMCID: PMC5639461 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of genetic variants influencing sleep patterns can shed light on the physiological processes underlying sleep. As part of a large clinical sequencing project, WGS500, we sequenced a family in which the two male children had severe developmental delay and a dramatically disturbed sleep-wake cycle, with very long wake and sleep durations, reaching up to 106-h awake and 48-h asleep. The most likely causal variant identified was a novel missense variant in the X-linked GRIA3 gene, which has been implicated in intellectual disability. GRIA3 encodes GluA3, a subunit of AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs). The mutation (A653T) falls within the highly conserved transmembrane domain of the ion channel gate, immediately adjacent to the analogous residue in the Grid2 (glutamate receptor) gene, which is mutated in the mouse neurobehavioral mutant, Lurcher. In vitro, the GRIA3(A653T) mutation stabilizes the channel in a closed conformation, in contrast to Lurcher. We introduced the orthologous mutation into a mouse strain by CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis and found that hemizygous mutants displayed significant differences in the structure of their activity and sleep compared to wild-type littermates. Typically, mice are polyphasic, exhibiting multiple sleep bouts of sleep several minutes long within a 24-h period. The Gria3A653T mouse showed significantly fewer brief bouts of activity and sleep than the wild-types. Furthermore, Gria3A653T mice showed enhanced period lengthening under constant light compared to wild-type mice, suggesting an increased sensitivity to light. Our results suggest a role for GluA3 channel activity in the regulation of sleep behavior in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Laurence A Brown
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ondrej Cais
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jake Watson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Amber J Clayton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Veronica T Chang
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Daniel Biggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christopher Preece
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | | | - Jon Krohn
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Amarjit Bhomra
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Alexander Kanapin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7DQ, UK
| | | | - Arjune Sen
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Zenobia Zaiwalla
- Department of Neuroscience, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gil McVean
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK.,Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Russell Foster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK.,Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3LB, UK
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7BN, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR Oxford BRC), Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Edward Blair
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 7HE, UK
| | - David Nutt
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - A Radu Aricescu
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Neurobiology Division, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
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He S, Stankowska DL, Ellis DZ, Krishnamoorthy RR, Yorio T. Targets of Neuroprotection in Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 34:85-106. [PMID: 28820649 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive neurodegeneration of the optic nerve and the loss of retinal ganglion cells is a hallmark of glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) being the most frequent form of glaucoma in the Western world. While some genetic mutations have been identified for some glaucomas, those associated with POAG are limited and for most POAG patients, the etiology is still unclear. Unfortunately, treatment of this neurodegenerative disease and other retinal degenerative diseases is lacking. For POAG, most of the treatments focus on reducing aqueous humor formation, enhancing uveoscleral or conventional outflow, or lowering intraocular pressure through surgical means. These efforts, in some cases, do not always lead to a prevention of vision loss and therefore other strategies are needed to reduce or reverse the progressive neurodegeneration. In this review, we will highlight some of the ocular pharmacological approaches that are being tested to reduce neurodegeneration and provide some form of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing He
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorota L Stankowska
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Dorette Z Ellis
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Raghu R Krishnamoorthy
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Thomas Yorio
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, Texas
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TPEN, a Specific Zn 2+ Chelator, Inhibits Sodium Dithionite and Glucose Deprivation (SDGD)-Induced Neuronal Death by Modulating Apoptosis, Glutamate Signaling, and Voltage-Gated K + and Na + Channels. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:235-250. [PMID: 26983717 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia-induced neuronal death is an important pathophysiological process that accompanies ischemic stroke and represents a major challenge in preventing ischemic stroke. To elucidate factors related to and a potential preventative mechanism of hypoxia-ischemia-induced neuronal death, primary neurons were exposed to sodium dithionite and glucose deprivation (SDGD) to mimic hypoxic-ischemic conditions. The effects of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN), a specific Zn2+-chelating agent, on SDGD-induced neuronal death, glutamate signaling (including the free glutamate concentration and expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor (GluR2) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits (NR2B), and voltage-dependent K+ and Na+ channel currents were also investigated. Our results demonstrated that TPEN significantly suppressed increases in cell death, apoptosis, neuronal glutamate release into the culture medium, NR2B protein expression, and I K as well as decreased GluR2 protein expression and Na+ channel activity in primary cultured neurons exposed to SDGD. These results suggest that TPEN could inhibit SDGD-induced neuronal death by modulating apoptosis, glutamate signaling (via ligand-gated channels such as AMPA and NMDA receptors), and voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channels in neurons. Hence, Zn2+ chelation might be a promising approach for counteracting the neuronal loss caused by transient global ischemia. Moreover, TPEN could represent a potential cell-targeted therapy.
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Park YH, Mueller BH, McGrady NR, Ma HY, Yorio T. AMPA receptor desensitization is the determinant of AMPA receptor mediated excitotoxicity in purified retinal ganglion cells. Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:136-50. [PMID: 25643624 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGLuR) have been hypothesized to play a role in neuronal pathogenesis by mediating excitotoxic death. Previous studies on iGluR in the retina have focused on two broad classes of receptors: NMDA and non-NMDA receptors including the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor (AMPAR) and kainate receptor. In this study, we examined the role of receptor desensitization on the specific excitotoxic effects of AMPAR activation on primary retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Purified rat RGCs were isolated from postnatal day 4-7 Sprague-Dawley rats. Calcium imaging was used to identify the functionality of the AMPARs and selectivity of the s-AMPA agonist. Phosphorylated CREB and ERK1/2 expression were performed following s-AMPA treatment. s-AMPA excitotoxicity was determined by JC-1 mitochondrial membrane depolarization assay, caspase 3/7 luciferase activity assay, immunoblot analysis for α-fodrin, and Live (calcein AM)/Dead (ethidium homodimer-1) assay. RGC cultures of 98% purity, lacking Iba1 and GFAP expression were used for the present studies. Isolated prenatal RGCs expressed calcium permeable AMPAR and s-AMPA (100 μM) treatment of cultured RGCs significantly increased phosphorylation of CREB but not that of ERK1/2. A prolonged (6 h) AMPAR activation in purified RGCs using s-AMPA (100 μM) did not depolarize the RGC mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, treatment of cultured RGCs with s-AMPA, both in the presence and absence of trophic factors (BDNF and CNTF), did not increase caspase 3/7 activities or the cleavage of α-fodrin (neuronal apoptosis marker), as compared to untreated controls. Lastly, a significant increase in cell survival of RGCs was observed after s-AMPA treatment as compared to control untreated RGCs. However, preventing the desensitization of AMPAR with the treatment with either kainic acid (100 μM) or the combination of s-AMPA and cyclothiazide (50 μM) significantly reduced cell survivability. Activation of the AMPAR in RGCs does not appear to activate a signaling cascade to apoptosis, suggesting that RGCs in vitro are not susceptible to AMPA excitotoxicity as previously hypothesized. Conversely, preventing AMPAR desensitization through differential agonist activation caused AMPAR mediated excitotoxicity. Activation of the AMPAR in increasing CREB phosphorylation was dependent on the presence of calcium, which may help explain this action in increasing RGC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong H Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
| | - Brett H Mueller
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nolan R McGrady
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hai-Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Yorio
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA; North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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