1
|
Bhatt V, Tiwari AK. Sirtuins, a key regulator of ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1167-1192. [PMID: 35549800 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2057849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent class ІΙΙ histone deacetylases enzymes (HDACs) present from lower to higher organisms such as bacteria (Sulfolobus solfataricus L. major), yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), humans (Homo sapiens sapiens), even in plants such as rice (Oryza sativa), thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), vine (Vitis vinifera L.) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Sirtuins play an important role in the regulation of various vital cellular functions during metabolism and ageing. It also plays a neuroprotective role by modulating several biological pathways such as apoptosis, DNA repair, protein aggregation, and inflammatory processes associated with ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we have presented an updated Sirtuins and its role in ageing and age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Further, this review also describes the therapeutic potential of Sirtuins and the use of Sirtuins inhibitor/activator for altering the NDDs disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Krishna Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Z, Huang S, Zheng Y, Zhou T, Hu L, Xiong L, Li DWC, Liu Y. The lens epithelium as a major determinant in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the crystalline lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 92:101112. [PMID: 36055924 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline lens is a transparent and refractive biconvex structure formed by lens epithelial cells (LECs) and lens fibers. Lens opacity, also known as cataracts, is the leading cause of blindness in the world. LECs are the principal cells of lens throughout human life, exhibiting different physiological properties and functions. During the embryonic stage, LECs proliferate and differentiate into lens fibers, which form the crystalline lens. Genetics and environment are vital factors that influence normal lens development. During maturation, LECs help maintain lens homeostasis through material transport, synthesis and metabolism as well as mitosis and proliferation. If disturbed, this will result in loss of lens transparency. After cataract surgery, the repair potential of LECs is activated and the structure and transparency of the regenerative tissue depends on postoperative microenvironment. This review summarizes recent research advances on the role of LECs in lens development, homeostasis, and regeneration, with a particular focus on the role of cholesterol synthesis (eg., lanosterol synthase) in lens development and homeostasis maintenance, and how the regenerative potential of LECs can be harnessed to develop surgical strategies and improve the outcomes of cataract surgery (Fig. 1). These new insights suggest that LECs are a major determinant of the physiological and pathological state of the lens. Further studies on their molecular biology will offer possibility to explore new approaches for cataract prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Leyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iwahashi CK, Kopel J, Marsh H, Reid TW. Effects of Dexamethasone on DNA Synthesis in Lens Epithelial Cells are Dependent on Cell Type and Growth Factor. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:1009-1015. [PMID: 35260019 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2052106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the factors that influence the ability of dexamethasone (dex) to inhibit or stimulate the growth of lens epithelial cells. METHOD Different growth factors with or without dex (10-6 M) were added to quiescent cultures of two clones of Nakano mouse lens epithelial cells (NK11) in serum-free medium. DNA synthesis was then measured after 8 to 12 hours by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine. RESULTS Dex was found to both stimulate and inhibit mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation into the DNA of cultured mouse lens epithelial cells. Enhancement or repression by dex was found to depend on the growth factor used to stimulate the quiescent cell. EGF and insulin were consistently inhibited with dex. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and retinoblastoma-derived growth factor (RbDGF) were both enhanced and inhibited by dex, depending on the growth factor concentration and the cell clone used for the experiment. Additionally, RbDGF protects against the dex inhibition of insulin stimulation, but not the inhibition of EGF stimulation. Progesterone, an inhibitor of the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor, blocks the dex inhibitory effect on the EGF and insulin stimulation of DNA synthesis.The ability of progesterone to affect the dex inhibition is consistent with the dex receptor modulating DNA synthesis. The dex effect on DNA synthesis, either stimulatory or inhibitory, was still seen if dex was added as late as 10 hours after the growth factor. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that dex reduces the overall growth and activity of lens epithelial cells in vitro. This result provides insight into the risk of developing posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) in patients on oral glucocorticoid therapy. Understanding the basic mechanisms by which steroids mediate lens cell growth may provide the ability to more accurately predict who will develop PSC. The present studies show the difference in the effect of dex from lens cell to lens cell, but, more importantly, suggest a pattern of dependent variables that might prove useful in such predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Harrison Marsh
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Ted W Reid
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lubbock, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi Z, Zhao X, Su Y, Wang C, Liu P, Ge H. Screening of Biological Target Molecules Related to Glucocorticoid-Induced Cataract (GIC) on the Basis of Constructing ceRNA Network. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:24-38. [PMID: 34076796 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced cataract (GIC)-associated biomarkers were screened by ceRNA network construction. The GIC samples' GSE3040 were obtained from the NCBI-GEO database. R's Limma package was used to identify differentially expressed RNAs (DERs) between the normal and GIC samples group (4- and 16-h). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis for the mRNAs in the constructed GIC lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulation network was implemented. A total of 1665 and 1443 DERs were obtained in the 4- and 16-h group, respectively. At two time points, 256 overlapping DERs were identified, of which 210 (17 lncRNAs and 203 mRNAs) had significant differential expression (4 down- and 206 up-regulated). A total of 534 co-expressed ligation pairs (all up-regulated) were obtained. A ceRNA regulation network was constructed. RPS6KA5, GAB1, CCR7, CCL2, COL4A4, and PPARG were obtained and significantly enriched in the 4 KEGG signaling pathways and were featured as GIC target molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiumei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiolgy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Hongyan Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Post Street, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richardson RB, Ainsbury EA, Prescott CR, Lovicu FJ. Etiology of posterior subcapsular cataracts based on a review of risk factors including aging, diabetes, and ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1339-1361. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1812759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. Richardson
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, Canada
- McGill University’s Medical Physics Unit, Cedars Cancer Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsbury
- Public Health England’s Centre for Chemical, Radiological and Environmental Hazards, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Frank J. Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hah YS, Yoo WS, Seo SW, Chung I, Kim HA, Cho HY, Kim SJ. Reduced NGF Level Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Lens Epithelial Cells Exposed to High Dexamethasone Concentrations. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:686-695. [PMID: 31751158 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1695844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the protective effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) against steroid-induced cataract formation in dexamethasone (Dex)-treated human lens epithelial B-3 (HLE-B3) cells and the possible molecular mechanisms underlying this protection.Materials and Methods: HLE-B3 cells were treated with Dex, and cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The levels of expression of NGF, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and E-cadherin mRNAs were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the levels of NGF, fibronectin, α-SMA, E-cadherin, tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), and Akt proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. Gene expression profiles of growth factors in Dex-treated HLE-B3 cells were determined by PCR arrays. In addition, anterior capsule tissue was obtained during cataract surgery, and the specimens were also examined expressions of NGF.Results: NGF was expressed in HLE-B3 cells and also in lens epithelial cells of anterior lens capsules. Dex treatment of HLE-B3 cells increased their expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and migration activity, while markedly downregulating the expression of NGF. NGF treatment significantly reduced the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin, as well as cell proliferation. The decreased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt induced by Dex treatment was significantly reversed by treatment with NGF.Conclusion: NGF/TrkA may repress EMT by targeting the p38 MAPK and pAkt pathways in Dex-treated HLE-B3 cells. NGF may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with steroid-induced cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Woong-Sun Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Inyoung Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyun-A Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hee Young Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong-Jae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Srinivasarao DA, Reddy SS, Reddy GB, Katti DS. Spatio-temporal control on the delivery of triamcinolone acetonide using polymeric nanoparticles reduces steroid induced cataract. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
8
|
Sulaiman RS, Kadmiel M, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the eye. Steroids 2018; 133:60-66. [PMID: 29129720 PMCID: PMC5875721 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential steroid hormones that regulate numerous metabolic and homeostatic functions in almost all physiological systems. Synthetic glucocorticoids are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of various conditions including autoimmune, allergic and inflammatory diseases. Glucocorticoids are mainly used for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities mediated through signal transduction by their nuclear receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Emerging evidence showing that diverse physiological and therapeutic actions of glucocorticoids are tissue-, cell-, and sex-specific, suggests more complex actions of glucocorticoids than previously anticipated. While several synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used in the ophthalmology clinic for the treatment of several ocular diseases, little is yet known about the mechanism of glucocorticoid signaling in different layers of the eye. GR has been shown to be expressed in different cell types of the eye such as cornea, lens, and retina, suggesting an important role of GR signaling in the physiology of these ocular tissues. In this review, we provide an update on the recent findings from in vitro and in vivo studies reported in the last 5 years that aim at understanding the role of GR signaling specifically in the eye. Advances in studying the physiological effects of glucocorticoids in the eye are vital for the elaboration of optimized and targeted GC therapies with potent anti-inflammatory potential while minimizing adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania S Sulaiman
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mahita Kadmiel
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tiryaki VM, Ayres VM, Ahmed I, Shreiber DI. A novel quantitative volumetric spreading index definition and assessment of astrocyte spreading in vitro. Cytometry A 2017; 91:794-799. [PMID: 28746797 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel quantitative volumetric spreading index (VSI) is defined that depends on the total distance between object voxels and the contact surface plane in three-dimensional (3D) space. The VSI, which ranges from 0 to 1, is rotationally invariant around the z-axis. VSI can be used to quantify the degree of individual cell spreading, which is important for analysis of cell interactions with their environment. The VSIs of astrocytes cultured on a nanofibrillar surface and three different comparative planar surfaces have been calculated from confocal laser scanning microscope z-series images, and the effects of both culture surface and immunoreactivity on the degree of cell spreading were investigated. VSI calculations indicated a statistical correlation between increased reactivity, based on immunolabeling for glial fibrillary acidic protein, and decreased cell spreading. Further results provided a quantitative measure for the increased spreading of quiescent-like and reactive-like astrocytes on planar substrates functionalized with poly-l-lysine. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Müjdat Tiryaki
- Department of Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Turkey
| | - Virginia M Ayres
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Ijaz Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - David I Shreiber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamada N. Ionizing radiation response of primary normal human lens epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181530. [PMID: 28746371 PMCID: PMC5528879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst the cataractogenic potential of ionizing radiation has been known for over the past 120 years, little is known about radiation responses of lens cells. Our previous work was the first to evaluate the radiosensitivity of lens cells with the clonogenic assay, documenting that the survival of HLEC1 human lens epithelial cells is comparable to that of WI-38 human lung fibroblasts. Moreover, HLEC1 cells were found to contain subsets where irradiation stimulates proliferation or facilitates formation of abortive colonies with fewer cells than human fibroblasts. This study aims to gain insights into these mechanisms. Irradiation of HLEC1 cells with 10% survival dose caused a growth delay but did not reduce viability. HLEC1 cells at high cumulative population doubling level were more susceptible to radiogenic premature senescence than WI-38 cells. Concerning p53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci, HLEC1 cells harbored less spontaneous foci but more radiogenic foci than in WI-38 cells, and the focus number returned to spontaneous levels within 48 h postirradiation both in HLEC1 and WI-38. The chemical inhibition of DNA repair kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated, DNA-dependent protein kinase or both delayed and attenuated the appearance and disappearance of radiogenic 53BP1 foci, increased radiogenic premature senescence and enhanced clonogenic inactivation. The DNA microarray analysis suggested both radiogenic stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation. Treatment with conditioned medium from irradiated cells did not change growth and the plating efficiency of nonirradiated cells. These results partially explain mechanisms of our previous observations, such that unrepaired or incompletely repaired DNA damage causes a growth delay in a subset of HLEC1 cells without changing viability through induction of premature senescence, thereby leading to clonogenic inactivation, but that growth is stimulated in another subset via as yet unidentified mechanisms, warranting further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|