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Boniao EL, Torres MA, Bothra N, Saini P, Gungab A, Lim BXH, Sundar G, Ali MJ. Geometric morphometric anatomy of the lacrimal punctum in normal population: Punctum update (PUP) study - Paper 5. Ann Anat 2024; 255:152274. [PMID: 38740350 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the geometric morphological differences of the lacrimal punctum by analyzing its shape in relation to age and sex in a normal population. METHODS 960 high-magnification slit-lamp images were obtained from 320 puncta of normal asymptomatic Indian individuals across eight decades of life. Using advanced geometric morphometric techniques, including Elliptic Fourier Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, the intricate details of the lacrimal punctum's shape in a diverse population sample were categorized by age and sex. High-resolution images of the lacrimal punctum underwent standardization for scale and orientation, followed by precise landmark identification and coordinate data extraction. RESULTS The geometric morphometry of the lacrimal punctum shows significant changes as one ages. However, the gender differences, in isolation, without consideration of age, remain subtle and are not pronounced. Interestingly, detailed Principal Component scores analysis revealed potential sex- and age-related variations specifically for the left and right lower puncta, which warrant further investigation. These changes could reflect unique aging changes in the proximal lacrimal drainage system. CONCLUSION The study is a starting point for geometric morphometric analysis of the lacrimal punctum and provides valuable insights into the punctal changes in size, orientation, and overall morphology across different age groups and between sexes. These findings highlight the significance of considering individual age-wise anatomical variations to better understand the lacrimal punctum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Lee Boniao
- Orbit, Oculofacial Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Amai Pakpak Medical Center, Marawi, Philippines
| | - Mark Anthony Torres
- Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines
| | - Nandini Bothra
- Orbit, Oculofacial Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pragya Saini
- Orbit, Oculofacial Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Alexander Gungab
- Orbit, Oculofacial Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Blanche Xiao Hong Lim
- Orbit, Oculofacial Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gangadhara Sundar
- Orbit, Oculofacial Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- Orbit, Oculofacial Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
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Ji F, Islam MR, Wang B, Hua Y, Sigal IA. Lamina Cribrosa Insertions Into the Sclera Are Sparser, Narrower, and More Slanted in the Anterior Lamina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:35. [PMID: 38648038 PMCID: PMC11044832 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lamina cribrosa (LC) depends on the sclera for support. The support must be provided through the LC insertions. Although a continuous insertion over the whole LC periphery is often assumed, LC insertions are actually discrete locations where LC collagenous beams meet the sclera. We hypothesized that LC insertions vary in number, size, and shape by quadrant and depth. Methods Coronal cryosections through the full LCs from six healthy monkey eyes were imaged using instant polarized light microscopy. The images were registered into a stack, on which we manually marked LC insertion outlines, nothing their position in-depth and quadrant (inferior, superior, nasal, or temporal). From the marks, we determined the insertion number, width, angle to the canal wall (90 degrees = perpendicular), and insertion ratio (fraction of LC periphery represented by insertions). Using linear mixed effect models, we determined if the insertion characteristics were associated with depth or quadrant. Results Insertions in the anterior LC were sparser, narrower, and more slanted than those in deeper LC (P values < 0.001). There were more insertions spanning a larger ratio of the canal wall in the middle LC than in the anterior and posterior (P values < 0.001). In the nasal quadrant, the insertion angles were significantly smaller (P < 0.001). Conclusions LC insertions vary substantially and significantly over the canal. The sparser, narrower, and more slanted insertions of the anterior-most LC may not provide the robust support afforded by insertions of the middle and posterior LC. These variations may contribute to the progressive deepening of the LC and regional susceptibility to glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mohammad R. Islam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, United States
| | - Bingrui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, United States
| | - Ian A. Sigal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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A Novel Approach for the Shape Characterisation of Non-Melanoma Skin Lesions Using Elliptic Fourier Analyses and Clinical Images. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154392. [PMID: 35956008 PMCID: PMC9369039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) is crucial to achieve the best treatment outcomes. Shape is considered one of the main parameters taken for the detection of some types of skin cancer such as melanoma. For NMSC, the importance of shape as a visual detection parameter is not well-studied. A dataset of 993 standard camera images containing different types of NMSC and benign skin lesions was analysed. For each image, the lesion boundaries were extracted. After an alignment and scaling, Elliptic Fourier Analysis (EFA) coefficients were calculated for the boundary of each lesion. The asymmetry of lesions was also calculated. Then, multivariate statistics were employed for dimensionality reduction and finally computational learning classification was employed to evaluate the separability of the classes. The separation between malignant and benign samples was successful in most cases. The best-performing approach was the combination of EFA coefficients and asymmetry. The combination of EFA and asymmetry resulted in a balanced accuracy of 0.786 and an Area Under Curve of 0.735. The combination of EFA and asymmetry for lesion classification resulted in notable success rates when distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. In light of these results, skin lesions’ shape should be integrated as a fundamental part of future detection techniques in clinical screening.
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Krzyżanowska-Berkowska P, Czajor K, Syga P, Iskander DR. Lamina Cribrosa Depth and Shape in Glaucoma Suspects. Comparison to Glaucoma Patients and Healthy Controls. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1026-1033. [PMID: 31117833 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1616767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the lamina cribrosa depth and shape parameters in glaucoma suspects compared to glaucoma patients and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 325 subjects (120 with primary open-angle glaucoma, 103 glaucoma suspects and 102 healthy controls) were included. Serial horizontal B-scan images of optic nerve head were obtained using enhanced depth imaging of the optical coherence tomography. For each of the 325 subjects, lamina cribrosa position was measured manually in 16 horizontal B-scans, hence 5200 scans in total were analyzed. In particular, lamina cribrosa depth (LCD), lamina cribrosa deflection depth (LCDD), lamina cribrosa shape index (LCSI), and its horizontal equivalent (LCSIH) were estimated. Along lamina cribrosa parameterization, intraocular pressure, visual field, central retinal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and disc and neuroretinal rim areas were also measured. Results: LCD was statistically significant different (P < .001) in glaucoma patients when compared to glaucoma suspects and heathy controls (603 ± 172 μm versus 554 ± 114 μm and 531 ± 115 μm, respectively). Similarly, LCDD was statistically significant different (P < .001) in glaucoma patients when compared to glaucoma suspects and heathy controls (250 ± 78 μm versus 213 ± 54 μm and 211 ± 58 μm, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in LCSI (P = .957). However, LCSIH showed statistically significant differences between healthy controls and glaucoma suspects (P = .003) and between healthy controls and glaucoma patients (P = .006). Conclusions: The deformation of LC in glaucoma suspects, in terms of LCSIH, was not statistically different from that of glaucoma patients. LCD does not have the potential to discriminate glaucoma suspects from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Czajor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Syga
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - D Robert Iskander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wroclaw , Poland
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Watanabe T, Ito T, Sato H, Mikami T, Numaguchi R, Yasuda N, Nakazawa J, Kuroda Y, Harada R, Kawaharada N. Morphological predictor of remodelling of the descending thoracic aortic false lumen that remains patent after repair of acute type A dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 28:629-634. [PMID: 30364942 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some patients achieve complete recovery through false lumen remodelling in the descending aorta after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between false lumen remodelling during later postoperative stages and quantitative analysis of the true lumen shape during the early postoperative stages. METHODS We examined 88 surgical patients between January 2007 and December 2016. Three points of the descending aorta were assessed from the 6th (T6), the 9th (T9) and the 11th (T11) vertebral levels. The shape of the true lumen was evaluated during the early postoperative stages, and false lumen remodelling 1 year after surgery was the end point. The parameters obtained by evaluating the shape of the true lumen comprised the first principal component analysis using elliptic Fourier analysis, the minor diameter ratio and the ratio of the area of the true lumen to that of the descending aorta, and the number of contact points on the true lumen wall during the early stages. RESULTS Using univariate analysis, we detected significant differences in the first principal components, the minor diameter ratio, the area ratio and the number of contact points at each thoracic vertebral level (P < 0.05). The cut-off value of the minor diameter ratio was 0.55, and the area ratio was 0.48 as determined by analysis of the receiver operating characteristic. Multivariable logistic analysis indicated that the first principal component was the most significant predictor from the proximal to the middle descending aorta. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative evaluation of shape of the true lumen in the early postoperative stages after surgery for acute type A dissection can serve as a viable predictor for false lumen remodelling in later stages. Furthermore, the first principal component could serve as a more astute predictor than other quantitative parameters according to multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuma Mikami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Numaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naomi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junji Nakazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kuroda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kawaharada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
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Naranjo-Bonilla P, Giménez-Gómez R, Ríos-Jiménez D, Varas-Fabra ML, Muñoz-Villanueva MDC, García-Catalán R, Font-Ugalde P, Poblador-Fernández MS, Lancho-Alonso JL, Gallardo-Galera JM. Enhanced depth OCT imaging of the lamina cribrosa for 24 hours. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:306-309. [PMID: 28251093 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) could be affected by dynamic changes in its structure. Using Spectral-domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), we have studied the behaviour of the laminar region in 14 young subjects over 24h. Significant changes in LCT were observed, depending on the time at which the measurement was taken, with the maximum thickness being observed at 7.30 p.m., and the minimum at 7.30 a.m. This finding could suggests a circadian pattern in the LCT thickness in healthy subjects, which could have implications for the classification, diagnosis and prognosis of both normal and glaucomatous subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Giménez-Gómez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - David Ríos-Jiménez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | | | - María Del Carmen Muñoz-Villanueva
- Methodological Support to Research, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Catalán
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Pilar Font-Ugalde
- Department of Medicine UCO, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba 14004, Spain
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