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Liang Y, Kong L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shi M, Huang J, Kong H, Qi S, Yang Y, Hong J, Zhu M, Zhu X, Sun X, Zhang S, Wu L, Zhao C. Transfer RNA derived fragment, tRF-Glu-CTC, aggravates the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Theranostics 2024; 14:1500-1516. [PMID: 38389841 PMCID: PMC10879880 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Angiogenesis expedites tissue impairment in many diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly. A substantial proportion of neovascular AMD patients, characterized by aberrant choroidal neovascularization (CNV), exhibit poor responses or adverse reactions to anti-VEGF therapy. Herein, we aimed to unveil the function of newly identified transfer RNA-derived small RNA, tRF-Glu-CTC, in the pathology of CNV and determine its potential in inhibiting angiogenesis. Methods: Small non-coding RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to detect expression pattern of tRF-Glu-CTC in CNV development. Immunofluorescence staining, fundus fluorescein angiography and ex vivo choroidal sprouting assays were employed for the evaluation of tRF-Glu-CTC's function in CNV development. The role of tRF-Glu-CTC in endothelial cells were determined by in vitro endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation assays. Transcriptome sequencing, dual-luciferase reporter assay and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate downstream mechanism of tRF-Glu-CTC mediated pathology. Results: tRF-Glu-CTC exhibited substantial up-regulation in AMD patients, laser-induced CNV model, and endothelial cells under hypoxia condition, which is a hallmark of CNV. Inhibiting tRF-Glu-CTC reduced angiogenesis and hypoxia stress in the neovascular region without neuroretina toxicity in laser-induced CNV model, showing an anti-angiogenic effect comparable to bevacizumab, while overexpression of tRF-Glu-CTC significantly augmented CNV. Mechanically, under hypoxia condition, angiogenin was involved in the production of tRF-Glu-CTC, which in turn triggered endothelial cell tubulogenesis, migration and promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors via the suppression of vasohibin 1 (VASH1). When downregulating VASH1 expression, the inhibition of tRF-Glu-CTC showed minimal suppression on angiogenesis. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the important role of tRF-Glu-CTC in the progression of angiogenesis. Targeting of tRF-Glu-CTC may be an alternative to current anti-VEGF therapy for CNV in AMD and other conditions with angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuelu Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mingsu Shi
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiaqiu Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hongyu Kong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Siyi Qi
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meidong Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2000, Australia
- New South Weals Tissue Bank, New South Weals Organ and Tissue Donation Service, Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney 2000, Australia
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lianqun Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Borchers L, Roider J, Klettner A. Differences in Uptake and Intracellular Fate between Bevacizumab and Aflibercept after Repetitive Long-Term Treatment in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Ophthalmic Res 2020; 64:369-388. [PMID: 33011724 DOI: 10.1159/000511960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-VEGF therapy is repeatedly given for an extended period of time to patients when treated for age-related macular degeneration. While short-term effects of anti-VEGF agents on retinal pigment epithelial cells have been investigated, the effects of long-term and repeated treatment on these cells are scarce. In this study, we have investigated the effects of anti-VEGF treatment (bevacizumab and aflibercept) after long-term, repeated treatment on uptake, storage, and subcellular localization. METHODS Experiments were conducted in primary porcine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in first passage and in ARPE-19 cell line. Cells were treated with 250 µg/mL bevacizumab, aflibercept, or, as a non-VEGF inhibiting antibody, rituximab once a week for 1 day, 7 days, 4, and 12 weeks. Cell survival was evaluated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Uptake and localization of compounds were investigated with immunofluorescence microscopy. Selective intracellular proteins were stained with specific respective primary antibodies; actin cytoskeleton was stained with phalloidin. For quantitative analysis, intracellular signals were normalized to light intensity and exposure time. Intracellular association with lysosomes (Lamp2) and exosomes (CD63) was also quantified. In addition, subcellular fractions (nucleus, plasma, membrane, and cytoskeleton) were generated and analyzed in Western blot. RESULTS Weekly treatment up to 12 weeks displayed no toxic effects on RPE cells in any substance tested. Intracellular signal of bevacizumab and aflibercept was strongest after 1 day, decreased after 1 and 4 weeks but increased again after 12 weeks. The signal of intracellular bevacizumab was significantly stronger than of aflibercept. In addition, in primary RPE, aflibercept was significantly more associated with Lamp2, indicating degradation of aflibercept. At all time points, the respective therapeutics could be detected at the cytoskeleton. In primary RPE cells, co-localization with exosome marker CD63 showed a maximum after 1 day for bevacizumab and after 12 weeks for aflibercept. Actin-encapsulated therapeutics can be found at any time point tested. CONCLUSION Both bevacizumab and aflibercept display a distinctive time-dependent uptake in the RPE cells and are stored in actin-covered accumulations for extended periods of time. When normalized and quantified, less aflibercept can be found in RPE cells, while more aflibercept is co-localized with Lamp2. Our data suggest that bevacizumab is differently processed by RPE cells than aflibercept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Borchers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann Roider
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexa Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kiel, University Medical Center, Kiel, Germany,
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Zhang W, Dai L, Li X, Li Y, Hung Yap MK, Liu L, Deng H. SARI prevents ocular angiogenesis and inflammation in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4341-4349. [PMID: 32119762 PMCID: PMC7171405 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARI (Suppressor of AP‐1, regulated by IFN‐β) is known to play an important role in some systemic disease processes such an inflammatory conditions and cancer. We hypothesize that SARI may also play a role in ocular diseases involving inflammation and neovascularization. To explore our hypothesis, further, we investigated an endotoxin‐induced uveitis (EIU) and experimental argon laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model in SARI wild‐type (SARIWT) and SARI‐deficient (SARI−/−) mice. Through imaging, morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies, we found that SARI deficiency exacerbated the growth of CNV. More VEGF‐positive cells were presented in the retina of SARI−/− mice with CNV. Compared to SARIWT mice, more inflammatory cells infiltrated the ocular anterior segment and posterior segments in SARI−/− mice with EIU. Collectively, the results point to a potential dual functional role of SARI in inflammatory ocular diseases, suggesting that SARI could be a potential therapy target for ocular inflammation and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Optometry and Visual Science, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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