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Deng B, Li W, Chen Z, Zeng J, Zhao F. Temporal bright light at low frequency retards lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16425. [PMID: 38025747 PMCID: PMC10655705 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bright light conditions are supposed to curb eye growth in animals with experimental myopia. Here we investigated the effects of temporal bright light at very low frequencies exposures on lens-induced myopia (LIM) progression. Methods Myopia was induced by application of -6.00 D lenses over the right eye of guinea pigs. They were randomly divided into four groups based on exposure to different lighting conditions: constant low illumination (CLI; 300 lux), constant high illumination (CHI; 8,000 lux), very low frequency light (vLFL; 300/8,000 lux, 10 min/c), and low frequency light (LFL; 300/8,000 lux, 20 s/c). Refraction and ocular dimensions were measured per week. Changes in ocular dimensions and refractions were analyzed by paired t-tests, and differences among the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results Significant myopic shifts in refractive error were induced in lens-treated eyes compared with contralateral eyes in all groups after 3 weeks (all P < 0.05). Both CHI and LFL conditions exhibited a significantly less refractive shift of LIM eyes than CLI and vLFL conditions (P < 0.05). However, only LFL conditions showed significantly less overall myopic shift and axial elongation than CLI and vLFL conditions (both P < 0.05). The decrease in refractive error of both eyes correlated significantly with axial elongation in all groups (P < 0.001), except contralateral eyes in the CHI group (P = 0.231). LFL condition significantly slacked lens thickening in the contralateral eyes. Conclusions Temporal bright light at low temporal frequency (0.05 Hz) appears to effectively inhibit LIM progression. Further research is needed to determine the safety and the potential mechanism of temporal bright light in myopic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Ziping Chen
- Guangdong Light Visual Health Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Mathis U, Feldkaemper M, Liu H, Schaeffel F. Studies on the interactions of retinal dopamine with choroidal thickness in the chicken. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:409-425. [PMID: 36192457 PMCID: PMC9837001 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, an increasing number of studies relied on the assumption that visually induced changes in choroidal thickness can serve as a proxy to predict future axial eye growth. The retinal signals controlling choroidal thickness are, however, not well defined. We have studied the potential roles of dopamine, released from the retina, in the choroidal response in the chicken. METHODS Changes in retinal dopamine release and choroidal thickness changes were induced by intravitreal injections of either atropine (250 µg or 360 nMol), atropine combined with a dopamine antagonist, spiperone (500 µMol), or spiperone alone and were tracked by optical coherence tomography (OCT). To visually stimulate dopamine release, other chicks were exposed to flicker light of 1, 10, or 400 Hz (duty cycle 0.2) and choroidal thickness was tracked. In all experiments, dopamine and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured in vitreous, retina, and choroid by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HLPC-ED). The distribution of the rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and alpha2A adrenoreceptors (alpha2A-ADR) was studied in the choroid by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The choroid thickened strongly in atropine-injected eyes, less so in atropine + spiperone-injected eyes and became thinner over the day in spiperone alone-, vehicle-, or non-injected eyes. Flickering light at 20 lx, both 1 and 10 Hz, prevented diurnal choroidal thinning, compared to 400 Hz, and stimulated retinal dopamine release. Correlation analysis showed that the higher retinal dopamine levels or release, the thicker became the choroid. TH-, nNOS-, VEGF-, and alpha2A adrenoreceptor-positive nerve fibers were localized in the choroid around lacunae and in the walls of blood vessels with colocalization of TH and nNOS, and TH and VEGF. CONCLUSIONS Retinal DOPAC and dopamine levels were positively correlated with choroidal thickness. TH-positive nerve fibers in the choroid were closely associated with peptides known to play a role in myopia development. Findings are in line with the hypothesis that dopamine is related to retinal signals controlling choroidal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Mathis
- Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marita Feldkaemper
- Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hong Liu
- Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schaeffel
- Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland.
- Zeiss Vision Lab, Ophthalmic Research Institute, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Kunceviciene E, Muskieta T, Sriubiene M, Liutkeviciene R, Smalinskiene A, Grabauskyte I, Insodaite R, Juoceviciute D, Kucinskas L. Association of CX36 Protein Encoding Gene GJD2 with Refractive Errors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071166. [PMID: 35885949 PMCID: PMC9319995 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the associations of GJD2 (rs634990, rs524952) and RASGRF1 (rs8027411, rs4778879, rs28412916) gene polymorphisms with refractive errors. Methods: The study included 373 subjects with refractive errors (48 myopia, 239 myopia with astigmatism, 14 hyperopia, and 72 hyperopia with astigmatism patients) and 104 ophthalmologically healthy subjects in the control group. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was chosen for genotyping. Statistical calculations and analysis of results were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 27 software. Results: The correlations in monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs were higher compared to DZ pairs, indicating genetic effects on hyperopia and astigmatism. The heritability (h2) of hyperopia and astigmatism was 0.654 for the right eye and 0.492 for the left eye. The GJD2 rs634990 TT genotype increased the incidence of hyperopia with astigmatism by 2.4-fold and the CT genotype decreased the incidence of hyperopia with astigmatism by 0.51-fold (p < 0.05). The GJD2 rs524952 AT genotype reduced the incidence of hyperopia with astigmatism by 0.53-fold (p < 0.05). Haplotype analysis of SNPs in the GJD2 gene revealed two statistically significant haplotypes: ACTAGG for rs634990 and TTTAGA for rs524952, which statistically significantly reduced the incidence of hyperopia and hyperopia with astigmatism by 0.41-fold (95% CI: 0.220−0.765) and 0.383-fold (95% CI: 0.199−0.737), respectively (p < 0.05). It was also found that, in the presence of haplotypes ACTAGG for rs634990 and TATAGA for rs524952, the possibility of hyperopia was reduced by 0.4-fold (p < 0.05). Conclusions: the heritability of hyperopia and hyperopia with astigmatism was 0.654−0.492, according to different eyes in patients between 20 and 40 years. The GJD2 rs634990 was identified as an SNP, which has significant associations with the co-occurrence of hyperopia and astigmatism. Patients with the GJD2 gene rs634990 TT genotype were found to have a 2.4-fold higher risk of develop hyperopia with astigmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Kunceviciene
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (R.I.); (D.J.); (L.K.)
- The Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 17, 50157 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomas Muskieta
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (R.I.); (D.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Margarita Sriubiene
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (R.I.); (D.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alina Smalinskiene
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (R.I.); (D.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Ingrida Grabauskyte
- Department of Physics, Mathematics and Biophysics, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ruta Insodaite
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (R.I.); (D.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Dovile Juoceviciute
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (R.I.); (D.J.); (L.K.)
| | - Laimutis Kucinskas
- Institute of Biology Systems and Genetic Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 4, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (T.M.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (R.I.); (D.J.); (L.K.)
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Tian T, Zou L, Wang S, Liu R, Liu H. The Role of Dopamine in Emmetropization Modulated by Wavelength and Temporal Frequency in Guinea Pigs. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:20. [PMID: 34546324 PMCID: PMC8458992 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Wavelength and temporal frequency have been found to influence refractive development. This study investigated whether retinal dopamine (DA) plays a role in these processes. Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into nine groups that received different lighting conditions for 4 weeks, as follows: white, green, or blue light at 0, 0.5, or 20.0 Hz. Refractions and axial lengths were measured using streak retinoscopy and A-scan ultrasound imaging. DA and its metabolites were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Results At 0 Hz, green and blue light produced myopic and hyperopic shifts compared with that of white light. At 0.5 Hz, no significant changes were observed compared with those of green or blue light at 0 Hz, whereas white light at 0.5 Hz induced a myopic shift compared with white light at 0 or 20 Hz. At 20 Hz, green and blue light acted like white light. Among all levels of DA and its metabolites, only vitreous 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels and retinal DOPAC/DA ratios were dependent on wavelength, frequency, and their interaction. Specifically, retinal DOPAC/DA ratios were positively correlated with refractions in white and green light conditions. However, blue light (0, 0.5, and 20.0 Hz) produced hyperopic shifts but decreased vitreous DOPAC levels and retinal DOPAC/DA ratios. Conclusions The retinal DOPAC/DA ratio, indicating the metabolic efficiency of DA, is correlated with ocular growth. It may underlie myopic shifts from light exposure with a long wavelength and low temporal frequency. However, different biochemical pathways may contribute to the hyperopic shifts from short wavelength light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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