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Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. Pharmacotherapy and Nutritional Supplements for Neovascular Eye Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1334. [PMID: 37512145 PMCID: PMC10383223 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent findings about the treatment of neovascular retinal diseases. The use of conventional drugs and nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may support conventional therapies will be considered, with the final aim of achieving risk reduction (prevention) and outcome improvement (cooperation between treatments) of such sight-threatening proliferative retinopathies. For this purpose, we consider a medicinal product one that contains well-defined compound(s) with proven pharmacological and therapeutic effects, usually given for the treatment of full-blown diseases. Rarely are prescription drugs given for preventive purposes. A dietary supplement refers to a compound (often an extract or a mixture) used in the prevention or co-adjuvant treatment of a given pathology. However, it must be kept in mind that drug-supplement interactions may exist and might affect the efficacy of certain drug treatments. Moreover, the distinction between medicinal products and dietary supplements is not always straightforward. For instance, melatonin is formulated as a medicinal product for the treatment of sleep and behavioral problems; at low doses (usually below 1 mg), it is considered a nutraceutical, while at higher doses, it is sold as a psychotropic drug. Despite their lower status with respect to drugs, increasing evidence supports the notion of the beneficial effects of dietary supplements on proliferative retinopathies, a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Therefore, we believe that, on a patient-by-patient basis, the administration of nutraceuticals, either alone or in association, could benefit many patients, delaying the progression of their disease and likely improving the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Hollingsworth TJ, Wang X, Simpson RN, White WA, Williams RW, Jablonski MM. Current Advancements in Mouse Models of Retinal Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:371-376. [PMID: 37440059 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of retinal degenerative (RDs) disease study has been in a state of exponential growth from discovering the underlying genetic components of such diseases as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) to the first gene therapy developed and approved for human Leber congenital amaurosis. However, a source for high-fidelity animal models of these complex, multifactorial, and/or polygenic diseases is a need that has yet to be fulfilled. While models for AMD and RP do exist, they often require aging the animals for a year or more, feeding special diets, or introduction of external modulators such as exposure to cigarette smoke. Currently, work is being done to uncover high-fidelity naturally occurring models of these retinal diseases with the hope and intent of providing the vision community the tools it needs to better understand, treat, and, one day, cure the patients suffering from these devastating afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Hollingsworth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Xiangdi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raven N Simpson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William A White
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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3
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Galindo-Camacho RM, Blanco-Llamero C, da Ana R, Fuertes MA, Señoráns FJ, Silva AM, García ML, Souto EB. Therapeutic Approaches for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11769. [PMID: 36233066 PMCID: PMC9570118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane and/or tissues underlying macula is known to increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is commonly categorized in two distinct types, namely, the nonexudative (dry form) and the exudative (wet form). Currently, there is no ideal treatment available for AMD. Recommended standard treatments are based on the use of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with the disadvantage of requiring repeated intravitreal injections which hinder patient's compliance to the therapy. In recent years, several synthetic and natural active compounds have been proposed as innovative therapeutic strategies against this disease. There is a growing interest in the development of formulations based on nanotechnology because of its important role in the management of posterior eye segment disorders, without the use of intravitreal injections, and furthermore, with the potential to prolong drug release and thus reduce adverse effects. In the same way, 3D bioprinting constitutes an alternative to regeneration therapies for the human retina to restore its functions. The application of 3D bioprinting may change the current and future perspectives of the treatment of patients with AMD, especially those who do not respond to conventional treatment. To monitor the progress of AMD treatment and disease, retinal images are used. In this work, we revised the recent challenges encountered in the treatment of different forms of AMD, innovative nanoformulations, 3D bioprinting, and techniques to monitor the progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M. Galindo-Camacho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Blanco-Llamero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel da Ana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mayra A. Fuertes
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Señoráns
- Healthy Lipids Group, Departmental Section of Food Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - María L. García
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Barnstable CJ, Zhang M, Tombran-Tink J. Uncoupling Proteins as Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5672. [PMID: 35628482 PMCID: PMC9144266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the major retinal degenerative diseases are associated with significant levels of oxidative stress. One of the major sources contributing to the overall level of stress is the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria. The driving force for ROS production is the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient can be modulated by members of the uncoupling protein family, particularly the widely expressed UCP2. The overexpression and knockout studies of UCP2 in mice have established the ability of this protein to provide neuroprotection in a number of animal models of neurological disease, including retinal diseases. The expression and activity of UCP2 are controlled at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels, making it an ideal candidate for therapeutic intervention. In addition to regulation by a number of growth factors, including the neuroprotective factors LIF and PEDF, small molecule activators of UCP2 have been found to reduce mitochondrial ROS production and protect against cell death both in culture and animal models of retinal degeneration. Such studies point to the development of new therapeutics to combat a range of blinding retinal degenerative diseases and possibly other diseases in which oxidative stress plays a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Barnstable
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China;
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China;
| | - Joyce Tombran-Tink
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, 251 Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China;
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Biomarkers as Predictive Factors of Anti-VEGF Response. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051003. [PMID: 35625740 PMCID: PMC9139112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is the main cause of irreversible vision in developed countries, and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections are the current gold standard treatment today. Although anti-VEGF treatment results in important improvements in the course of this disease, there is a considerable number of patients not responding to the standardized protocols. The knowledge of how a patient will respond or how frequently retreatment might be required would be vital in planning treatment schedules, saving both resource utilization and financial costs, but today, there is not an ideal biomarker to use as a predictive response to ranibizumab therapy. Whole blood and blood mononuclear cells are the samples most studied; however, few reports are available on other important biofluid samples for studying this disease, such as aqueous humor. Moreover, the great majority of studies carried out to date were focused on the search for SNPs in genes related to AMD risk factors, but miRNAs, proteomic and metabolomics studies have rarely been conducted in anti-VEGF-treated samples. Here, we propose that genomic, proteomic and/or metabolomic markers could be used not alone but in combination with other methods, such as specific clinic characteristics, to identify patients with a poor response to anti-VEGF treatment to establish patient-specific treatment plans.
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Yeh TC, Luo AC, Deng YS, Lee YH, Chen SJ, Chang PH, Lin CJ, Tai MC, Chou YB. Prediction of treatment outcome in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using a novel convolutional neural network. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5871. [PMID: 35393449 PMCID: PMC8989893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While prognosis and risk of progression are crucial in developing precise therapeutic strategy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), limited predictive tools are available. We proposed a novel deep convolutional neural network that enables feature extraction through image and non-image data integration to seize imperative information and achieve highly accurate outcome prediction. The Heterogeneous Data Fusion Net (HDF-Net) was designed to predict visual acuity (VA) outcome (improvement ≥ 2 line or not) at 12th months after anti-VEGF treatment. A set of pre-treatment optical coherence tomography (OCT) image and non-image demographic features were employed as input data and the corresponding 12th-month post-treatment VA as the target data to train, validate, and test the HDF-Net. This newly designed HDF-Net demonstrated an AUC of 0.989 (95% CI 0.970-0.999), accuracy of 0.936 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.889-0.964], sensitivity of 0.933 (95% CI 0.841-0.974), and specificity of 0.938 (95% CI 0.877-0.969). By simulating the clinical decision process with mixed pre-treatment information from raw OCT images and numeric data, HDF-Net demonstrated promising performance in predicting individualized treatment outcome. The results highlight the potential of deep learning to simultaneously process a broad range of clinical data to weigh and leverage the complete information of the patient. This novel approach is an important step toward real-world personalized therapeutic strategy for typical nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Chu Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Chun Luo
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Deng
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lee
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Chang
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Lin
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Tai
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Tsing-Hua University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bai Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec.2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hass DT, Barnstable CJ. Uncoupling proteins in the mitochondrial defense against oxidative stress. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 83:100941. [PMID: 33422637 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major component of most major retinal diseases. Many extrinsic anti-oxidative strategies have been insufficient at counteracting one of the predominant intrinsic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria. The proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is a key driving force for mitochondrial ROS production, and this gradient can be modulated by members of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) family. Of the UCPs, UCP2 shows a widespread distribution and has been shown to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, with concomitant decreases in ROS production. Genetic studies using transgenic and knockout mice have documented the ability of increased UCP2 activity to provide neuroprotection in models of a number of diseases, including retinal diseases, indicating that it is a strong candidate for a therapeutic target. Molecular studies have identified the structural mechanism of action of UCP2 and have detailed the ways in which its expression and activity can be controlled at the transcriptional, translational and posttranslational levels. These studies suggest a number of ways in control of UCP2 expression and activity can be used therapeutically for both acute and chronic conditions. The development of such therapeutic approaches will greatly increase the tools available to combat a broad range of serious retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Hass
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Colin J Barnstable
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Zhou Y, Yusufu M, Zhang T, Wang J. Silencing of miR-23a attenuates hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) induced oxidative damages in ARPE-19 cells by upregulating GLS1: an in vitro study. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:10.1007/s10616-020-00431-6. [PMID: 33123932 PMCID: PMC7695802 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative damages contributes to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) caused vision blindness, but the molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVES This study managed to investigate this issue by conducting in vitro experiments. METHODS Oxidative stress were evaluated by L-012 dye, DHE staining and MDA assay. CCK-8 and colony formation assay were conducted to examine cell proliferation. Cell death was evaluated by trypan blue staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method through flow cytometry (FCM). The binding sites of miR-23a and GLS1 mRNA were predicted by online miRDB database and validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene system. Real-Time qPCR for miR-23a levels and Western Blot for protein expressions. RESULTS The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells (ARPE-19) were subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation to simulate AMD progression in vitro, and we identified a novel miR-23a/glutaminase-1 (GLS1) pathway that regulated H2O2 induced oxidative damages in ARPE-19 cells. Mechanistically, H2O2 induced oxidative stress, inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death in ARPE-19 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, H2O2 stimulation hindered cell invasion, migration and glutamine uptake in ARPE-19 cells. Interestingly, we proved that H2O2 increased miR-23a levels, while downregulated glutaminase-1 (GLS1) in ARPE-19 cells, and miR-23a targeted 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of GLS1 mRNA for GLS1 degradation. Finally, our data suggested that silencing miR-23a upregulated GLS1 to reverse the detrimental effects of H2O2 treatment on ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS In general, analysis of the data suggested that miR-23a ablation upregulated GLS1 to attenuate H2O2 stimulation induced oxidative damages in ARPE-19 cells in vitro, and this study broadened our knowledge in this field, which might help to provide novel theranostic signatures for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Henan Road No. 118, Ürümqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| | - Meilibanu Yusufu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Henan Road No. 118, Ürümqi, 830011 Xinjiang China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Eye Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Jiaozhou Road No.1, Qingdao, 266011 Shandong China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Eye Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Jiaozhou Road No.1, Qingdao, 266011 Shandong China
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