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Lakshmanan Y, Wong FSY, So KF, Chan HHL. Lycium barbarum glycopeptide promotes neuroprotection in ET-1 mediated retinal ganglion cell degeneration. J Transl Med 2024; 22:727. [PMID: 39103918 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dysregulation is one of the major risk factors of glaucoma, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) may have a role in the pathogenesis of vascular-related glaucoma. Fruit extract from Lycium Barbarum (LB) exhibits anti-ageing and multitarget mechanisms in protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in various animal models. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of LB glycoproteins (LbGP) in ET-1 induced RGC degeneration, LbGP was applied under pre- and posttreatment conditions to an ET-1 mouse model. Retina structural and functional outcomes were characterised using clinical-based techniques. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into four experimental groups, namely vehicle control (n = 9), LbGP-Pretreatment (n = 8), LbGP-Posttreatment (day 1) (n = 8) and LbGP-Posttreatment (day 5) (n = 7). Oral administration of LbGP 1 mg/Kg or PBS for vehicle control was given once daily. Pre- and posttreatment (day 1 or 5) were commenced at 1 week before and 1 or 5 days after intravitreal injections, respectively, and were continued until postinjection day 28. Effects of treatment on retinal structure and functions were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT), doppler OCT and electroretinogram measurements at baseline, post-injection days 10 and 28. RGC survival was evaluated by using RBPMS immunostaining on retinal wholemounts. RESULTS ET-1 injection in vehicle control induced transient reductions in arterial flow and retinal functions, leading to significant RNFL thinning and RGC loss at day 28. Although ET-1 induced a transient loss in blood flow or retinal functions in all LbGP groups, LbGP treatments facilitated better restoration of retinal flow and retinal functions as compared with the vehicle control. Also, all three LbGP treatment groups (i.e. pre- and posttreatments from days 1 or 5) significantly preserved thRNFL thickness and RGC densities. No significant difference in protective effects was observed among the three LbGP treatment groups. CONCLUSION LbGP demonstrated neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of ET-1 induced RGC degeneration, with treatment applied either as a pretreatment, immediate or delayed posttreatment. LbGP treatment promoted a better restoration of retinal blood flow, and protected the RNFL, RGC density and retinal functions. This study showed the translational potential of LB as complementary treatment for glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamunadevi Lakshmanan
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry (Neuroscience), School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francisca Siu Yin Wong
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry (Neuroscience), School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau (GHM) Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Henry Ho-Lung Chan
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry (Neuroscience), School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation (RCMI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Lampsas S, Kandarakis SA, Vakalopoulos DG, Lampsa A, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Kymionis GD. Endothelin-1 Plasma and Aqueous Humor Levels in Different Types of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1117. [PMID: 39064546 PMCID: PMC11278711 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Several studies suggest the complex relationship between Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels with various types of glaucoma. This systematic review and meta-analysis explore ET-1 levels in plasma and aqueous humor among different types of glaucoma. Materials and Methods: A literature search (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library) was made up to April 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023430471). The results were synthesized according to PRISMA Guidelines. Results were presented as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 2597 subjects (1513 patients with glaucoma vs. 1084 healthy controls) from 23 studies were included in a meta-analysis. Notably, patients with glaucoma reported significantly higher plasma levels of ET-1 compared to controls (SMD: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.59-1.82, p < 0.001). Particularly, plasma ET-1 levels were higher in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (SMD: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.09-1.65, p < 0.05), normal-tension glaucoma (SMD: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.27-1.46, p = 0.05), and angle-closure glaucoma patients (SMD: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.43-1.63, p < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. Moreover, ET-1 aqueous humor levels were significantly higher in patients with glaucoma compared to controls (SMD: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.04-2.15, p < 0.001). In particular, aqueous humor levels were higher in POAG patients (SMD: 2.03 95% CI: 1.00-3.14, p < 0.001), and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma patients (SMD: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.00-3.07, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicates that elevated levels of ET-1 plasma and aqueous humor are significantly associated with different types of glaucoma. The pathogenesis of ET-1-related mechanisms may vary across different glaucoma types, indicating that possible therapeutic approaches targeting ET-1 pathways should be tailored to each specific glaucoma type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios Lampsas
- Second Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos A. Kandarakis
- First Department of Ophthalmology, “G. Gennimatas” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios G. Vakalopoulos
- First Department of Ophthalmology, “G. Gennimatas” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Lampsa
- Second Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital Sotiria, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George D. Kymionis
- First Department of Ophthalmology, “G. Gennimatas” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Lakshmanan Y, Wong FSY, Chan HHL. Long-Term Effects on Retinal Structure and Function in a Mouse Endothelin-1 Model of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:15. [PMID: 37561449 PMCID: PMC10424801 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the long-term effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced retinal pathologies in mouse, using clinically relevant tools. Methods Adult C57BL/6 mice (7-9 weeks old) were intravitreally injected with PBS (n = 10) or 0.25 (n = 8), 0.5 (n = 8), or 1 nmol ET-1 (n = 9) and examined using electroretinogram, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and Doppler OCT at baseline and postinjection days 10, 28, and 56. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival in retinal whole mount was quantified at days 28 and 56. Results ET-1 induced immediate retinal arterial constriction. The significantly reduced total blood flow and positive scotopic threshold response in the 0.5- and 1-nmol ET-1 groups at day 10 were recovered at day 28. A-wave magnitude was also significantly reduced at days 10 and 28. While a comparable and significant reduction in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was detected in all ET-1 groups at day 56, the 1-nmol group was the earliest to develop such change at day 28. All ET-1 groups showed a transient inner retinal layer thinning at days 10 and 28 and a plateaued outer layer thickness at days 10 to 56. The 1-nmol group showed a significant RGC loss over all retinal locations examined at day 28 as compared with PBS control. As for the lower-dosage groups, significant RGC density loss at central and midperipheral retina was detected at day 56 when compared with day 28. Conclusions ET-1 injection in mice resulted in a transient vascular constriction and reduction in retinal functions, as well as a gradual loss of retinal nerve fiber layer and RGC in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henry Ho-Lung Chan
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry (Neuroscience), School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- University Research Facilities in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience (UBSN), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Iezhitsa I, Lazaldin MM, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Ismail N. Neuroprotective effects of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor on amyloid-beta 1–40-induced retinal degeneration. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:382-388. [PMID: 35900434 PMCID: PMC9396500 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.346546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ)-related alterations, similar to those found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, have been observed in the retina of patients with glaucoma. Decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are believed to be associated with the neurotoxic effects of Aβ peptide. To investigate the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of BDNF on Aβ1–40-induced retinal injury in Sprague-Dawley rats, we treated rats by intravitreal administration of phosphate-buffered saline (control), Aβ1–40 (5 nM), or Aβ1–40 (5 nM) combined with BDNF (1 µg/mL). We found that intravitreal administration of Aβ1–40 induced retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. Fluoro-Gold staining showed a significantly lower number of retinal ganglion cells in the Aβ1–40 group than in the control and BDNF groups. In the Aβ1–40 group, low number of RGCs was associated with increased caspase-3 expression and reduced TrkB and ERK1/2 expression. BDNF abolished Aβ1–40-induced increase in the expression of caspase-3 at the gene and protein levels in the retina and upregulated TrkB and ERK1/2 expression. These findings suggest that treatment with BDNF prevents RGC apoptosis induced by Aβ1–40 by activating the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in rats.
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Lambuk L, Suhaimi NAA, Sadikan MZ, Jafri AJA, Ahmad S, Nasir NAA, Uskoković V, Kadir R, Mohamud R. Nanoparticles for the treatment of glaucoma-associated neuroinflammation. EYE AND VISION 2022; 9:26. [PMID: 35778750 PMCID: PMC9250254 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a considerable amount of literature has emerged around the theme of neuroinflammation linked to neurodegeneration. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by visual impairment. Understanding the complex neuroinflammatory processes underlying retinal ganglion cell loss has the potential to improve conventional therapeutic approaches in glaucoma. Due to the presence of multiple barriers that a systemically administered drug has to cross to reach the intraocular space, ocular drug delivery has always been a challenge. Nowadays, studies are focused on improving the current therapies for glaucoma by utilizing nanoparticles as the modes of drug transport across the ocular anatomical and physiological barriers. This review offers some important insights on the therapeutic advancements made in this direction, focusing on the use of nanoparticles loaded with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents in the treatment of glaucoma. The prospect of these novel therapies is discussed in relation to the current therapies to alleviate inflammation in glaucoma, which are being reviewed as well, along with the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the onset and the progression of the disease.
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Szilágyi A, Takács B, Szekeres R, Tarjányi V, Bombicz M, Priksz D, Kovács A, Juhász B, Frecska E, Szilvássy Z, Varga B. Therapeutic Properties of Ayahuasca Components in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of the Eye. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050997. [PMID: 35625734 PMCID: PMC9138933 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic eye diseases are major causes of vision impairment. Thus, potential retinoprotective effects of N’N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) were investigated. To inhibit its rapid breakdown by monoamine-oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme, DMT was co-administered with harmaline, a β-carboline in the Amazonian Ayahuasca brew. Using ligation, 60 min of ischemia was provoked in eyes of rats, followed by 7 days of reperfusion whilst animals received harmaline alone, DMT + harmaline, or vehicle treatment. After 1 week of reperfusion, electroretinographical (ERG) measurements, histological analysis, and Western blot were performed. Harmaline alone exhibited retinoprotection in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) which was, surprisingly, counterbalanced by DMT in case of co-administration. As both MAO-A inhibition and DMT increase serotoninergic tone synergistically, communicated to be anti-ischemic, thus, involvement of other pathways was investigated. Based on our experiments, DMT and harmaline exert opposite effects on important ocular proteins such as PARP1, NFκB, MMP9, or HSP70, each having a critical role in a different mechanism of eye-ischemia-related pathologies, e.g., cell death, inflammation, tissue destruction, and oxidative stress. Since DMT is proclaimed to be a promising drug candidate, its potentially undesirable effect on eye-ischemia should be further investigated. Meanwhile, this experiment revealed the potential therapeutic effect of MAO-A inhibitor harmaline in I/R-related eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szilágyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Barbara Takács
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Réka Szekeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Vera Tarjányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Attila Kovács
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Ede Frecska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.K.); (E.F.)
| | - Zoltán Szilvássy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
| | - Balázs Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.S.); (B.T.); (R.S.); (V.T.); (M.B.); (D.P.); (B.J.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-427-899
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Molecular regulation of neuroinflammation in glaucoma: Current knowledge and the ongoing search for new treatment targets. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 87:100998. [PMID: 34348167 PMCID: PMC8803988 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation relying on the inflammatory responses of glial cells has emerged as an impactful component of the multifactorial etiology of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. It has become increasingly evident that despite early adaptive and reparative features of glial responses, prolonged reactivity of the resident glia, along with the peripheral immune cells, create widespread toxicity to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, somas, and synapses. As much as the synchronized responses of astrocytes and microglia to glaucoma-related stress or neuron injury, their bi-directional interactions are critical to build and amplify neuroinflammation and to dictate the neurodegenerative outcome. Although distinct molecular programs regulate somatic and axonal degeneration in glaucoma, inhibition of neurodegenerative inflammation can provide a broadly beneficial treatment strategy to rescue RGC integrity and function. Since inflammatory toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction are converging etiological paths that can boost each other and feed into a vicious cycle, anti-inflammatory treatments may also offer a multi-target potential. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on neuroinflammation in glaucoma with particular emphasis on the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors involved in the reciprocal regulation of glial responses, the interdependence between inflammatory and mitochondrial routes of neurodegeneration, and the research aspects inspiring for prospective immunomodulatory treatments. With the advent of powerful technologies, ongoing research on molecular and functional characteristics of glial responses is expected to accumulate more comprehensive and complementary information and to rapidly move the field forward to safe and effective modulation of the glial pro-inflammatory activities, while restoring or augmenting the glial immune-regulatory and neurosupport functions.
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Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Peresypkina A, Pobeda A, Ismail NM. Magnesium acetyltaurate prevents retinal damage and visual impairment in rats through suppression of NMDA-induced upregulation of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos). Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2330-2344. [PMID: 33818520 PMCID: PMC8354133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium acetyltaurate (MgAT) has been shown to have a protective effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal cell apoptosis. The current study investigated the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) in neuroprotection by MgAT against NMDA-induced retinal damage. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo intravitreal injection of vehicle, NMDA or MgAT as pre-treatment to NMDA. Seven days after injections, retinal ganglion cells survival was detected using retrograde labelling with fluorogold and BRN3A immunostaining. Functional outcome of retinal damage was assessed using electroretinography, and the mechanisms underlying antiapoptotic effect of MgAT were investigated through assessment of retinal gene expression of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 levels were evaluated using western blot assay. Rat visual functions were evaluated using visual object recognition tests. Both retrograde labelling and BRN3A immunostaining revealed a significant increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells in rats receiving intravitreal injection of MgAT compared with the rats receiving intravitreal injection of NMDA. Electroretinography indicated that pre-treatment with MgAT partially preserved the functional activity of NMDA-exposed retinas. MgAT abolished NMDA-induced increase of retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 expression and suppressed NMDA-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos). Visual object recognition tests showed that MgAT reduced difficulties in recognizing the visual cues (i.e. objects with different shapes) after NMDA exposure, suggesting that visual functions of rats were relatively preserved by pre-treatment with MgAT. In conclusion, pre-treatment with MgAT prevents NMDA induced retinal injury by inhibiting NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1-mediated c-Jun/c-Fos. The experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, UiTM CARE No 118/2015 on December 4, 2015 and UiTM CARE No 220/7/2017 on December 8, 2017 and Ethics Committee of Belgorod State National Research University, Russia, No 02/20 on January 10, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Peresypkina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pobeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tezel G. Multiplex protein analysis for the study of glaucoma. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:911-924. [PMID: 34672220 PMCID: PMC8712406 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1996232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of multifactorial origin. Extensive research is ongoing to better understand, prevent, and treat progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. While experimental models of glaucoma and postmortem tissues of human donors are analyzed for pathophysiological comprehension and improved treatment of this blinding disease, clinical samples of intraocular biofluids and blood collected from glaucoma patients are analyzed to identify predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers. Multiplexing techniques for protein analysis offer a valuable approach for translational glaucoma research. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the increasing applications of multiplex protein analysis for glaucoma research and also highlights current research challenges in the field and expected solutions from emerging technological advances. EXPERT OPINION Analytical techniques for multiplex analysis of proteins can help uncover neurodegenerative processes for enhanced treatment of glaucoma and can help identify molecular biomarkers for improved clinical testing and monitoring of this complex disease. This evolving field and continuously growing availability of new technologies are expected to broaden the comprehension of this complex neurodegenerative disease and speed up the progress toward new therapeutics and personalized patient care to prevent blindness from glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhang J, Lin W, Zhang S. Magnesium Promotes the Regeneration of the Peripheral Nerve. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717854. [PMID: 34458271 PMCID: PMC8385315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common complication in trauma, and regeneration and function recovery are clinical challenges. It is indispensable to find a suitable material to promote peripheral nerve regeneration due to the limited capacity of peripheral nerve regeneration, which is not an easy task to design a material with good biocompatibility, appropriate degradability. Magnesium has captured increasing attention during the past years as suitable materials. However, there are little types of research on magnesium promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. In this review, we conclude the possible mechanism of magnesium ion promoting peripheral nerve regeneration and the properties and application of different kinds of magnesium-based biomaterials, such as magnesium filaments, magnesium alloys, and others, in which we found some shortcomings and challenges. So, magnesium can promote peripheral nerve regeneration with both challenge and potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Balikoglu Yilmaz M, Doganay Kumcu N, Daldal H, Saritepe Imre S, Aydin E, Ozgul S, Kose T. May ganglion cell complex analysis be a marker for glaucoma susceptibility in unilateral Fuchs' uveitis syndrome? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:1975-1983. [PMID: 33929589 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) in the affected eyes to fellow unaffected eyes of patients with unilateral Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS) and analyze their change over time. METHODS Twenty seven unilateral FUS patients who did not have concomitant systemic or ocular disease were retrospectively enrolled. Central macular thickness (CMT), RNFL thickness, and GCIPLT measurements were evaluated. Data was analyzed using the non-parametric Brunner-Langer model (LD-F2 design) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 40.2 ± 10.2 years. The median disease duration was 11 (2-62) months. The median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the affected eyes and the fellow eyes was 0.22 (0.00-2.50) vs. 0.00 (0.0-0.10) logMAR at the initial visit and 0.05 (0.00-2.50) vs. 0.00 (0.0-0.30) logMAR at the final visit. The change in BCVA was found significant in the affected eyes, but not in the fellow eyes (p < 0.001 and p = 0.287, respectively). The median CMT in the affected eyes at the final visit was not statistically different from the value at the initial visit (255 (157-306) vs. 245 (140-310) µm, p = 0.256). The change in RNFL thickness over time in the affected eyes was similar to the fellow unaffected eyes of the patients with unilateral FUS at all quadrants, with non-significant time and group effects (p > 0.05). However, median GCIPLT in all quadrants (except superonasal) in the affected eyes was statistically lower than the fellow eyes at the initial and final visits (p < 0.05). The most affected quadrant of the ganglion cell complex was inferonasal in the involved eyes (79 (42-97) vs. 75 (43-87) µm) at initial and final visits (p = 0.033 for time effect and p < 0.001 for group effect, respectively). CONCLUSION Median CMT and RNFL thickness did not change during follow-up in the affected eyes of patients with unilateral FUS. Median GCIPLT in the affected eyes declined over time in all quadrants. Ganglion cell loss was also most prominent in the inferonasal quadrant in the affected eyes. FUS patients should be followed up long-term in terms of ganglion cell loss, especially in the inferonasal quadrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Balikoglu Yilmaz
- Ophthalmology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Basın Sitesi Mah, Hasan Tahsin Cad No: 143, 35150, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | - Hatice Daldal
- Ophthalmology, Training and Research Hospital, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Seher Saritepe Imre
- Ophthalmology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Basın Sitesi Mah, Hasan Tahsin Cad No: 143, 35150, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Aydin
- Ophthalmology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Basın Sitesi Mah, Hasan Tahsin Cad No: 143, 35150, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Semiha Ozgul
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Kose
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Rolle T, Ponzetto A, Malinverni L. The Role of Neuroinflammation in Glaucoma: An Update on Molecular Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Options. Front Neurol 2021; 11:612422. [PMID: 33613418 PMCID: PMC7890114 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.612422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by the continuous loss of retinal ganglion cells, leading to progressive and irreversible visual impairment. In this minireview, we report the results of the most recent experimental studies concerning cells, molecular mechanisms, genes, and microbiome involved in neuroinflammation processes correlated to glaucoma neurodegeneration. The identification of cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways related to retinal ganglion cell death is the first step toward the discovery of new therapeutic strategies. Recent experimental studies identified the following possible targets: adenosine A2A receptor, sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (neurofilament light chain), toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4, phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4), and FasL-Fas signaling (in particular ONL1204, a small peptide antagonist of Fas receptors), and therapies directed against them. The continuous progress in knowledge provides interesting data, although the total lack of human studies remains an important limitation. Further research is required to better define the role of neuroinflammation in the neurodegeneration processes that occur in glaucomatous disease and to discover neuroprotective treatments amenable to clinical trials. The hereinafter reviewed studies are reported and evaluated according to their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rolle
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Malinverni
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Tang Y, Xiao Z, Pan L, Zhuang D, Cho KS, Robert K, Chen X, Shu L, Tang G, Wu J, Sun X, Chen DF. Therapeutic Targeting of Retinal Immune Microenvironment With CSF-1 Receptor Antibody Promotes Visual Function Recovery After Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585918. [PMID: 33281816 PMCID: PMC7691249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI) is a common cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in elderly and critical unmet medical need. While no effective treatment is available for RI, microglial activation and local immune responses in the retina are thought to play important roles in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. While survival and activation of microglia depend critically on colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) signaling, it remains unclear if targeting the retinal immune microenvironments by CSF-1RAb after RI is sufficient to rescue vision and present a potentially effective therapy. Here we used rodent models of RI and showed that retinal ischemia induced by acute elevation of intraocular pressure triggered an early activation of microglia and macrophages in the retina within 12 h. This was followed by lymphocyte infiltration and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intravitreal injection of CSF-1R neutralizing antibody (CSF-1RAb) after RI significantly blocked microglial activation and the subsequent T cell recruitment. This also led to improved retinal ganglion cell survival and function measured by cell quantification and electroretinogram positive scotopic threshold responses, as well as increased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity as assessed by optomotor reflex-based assays, when compared to the isotype-treated control group. Moreover, the administration of CSF-1RAb efficiently attenuated inflammatory responses and activation of human microglia in culture, suggesting a therapeutic target with human relevance. These results, together with the existing clinical safety profiles, support that CSF-1RAb may present a promising therapeutic avenue for RI, a currently untreatable condition, by targeting microglia and the immune microenvironment in the retina to facilitate neural survival and visual function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Tang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zebin Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Pan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dongli Zhuang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kin-Sang Cho
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kyle Robert
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Shu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxian Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 1st Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong F. Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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