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Nguyen VP, Karoukis AJ, Qian W, Chen L, Perera ND, Yang D, Zhang Q, Zhe J, Henry J, Liu B, Zhang W, Fahim AT, Wang X, Paulus YM. Multimodal Imaging-Guided Stem Cell Ocular Treatment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14893-14906. [PMID: 38801653 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are gaining traction as promising treatments for a variety of degenerative conditions. Both clinical and preclinical studies of regenerative medicine are hampered by the lack of technologies that can evaluate the migration and behavior of stem cells post-transplantation. This study proposes an innovative method to longitudinally image in vivo human-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated to retinal pigment epithelium (hiPSC-RPE) cells by multimodal photoacoustic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence imaging powered by ultraminiature chain-like gold nanoparticle cluster (GNC) nanosensors. The GNC exhibits an optical absorption peak in the near-infrared regime, and the 7-8 nm size in diameter after disassembly enables renal excretion and improved safety as well as biocompatibility. In a clinically relevant rabbit model, GNC-labeled hiPSC-RPE cells migrated to RPE degeneration areas and regenerated damaged tissues. The hiPSC-RPE cells' distribution and migration were noninvasively, longitudinally monitored for 6 months with exceptional sensitivity and spatial resolution. This advanced platform for cellular imaging has the potential to enhance regenerative cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Athanasios J Karoukis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Wei Qian
- IMRA America Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Lisheng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Nirosha D Perera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Dongshan Yang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Qitao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Josh Zhe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Jessica Henry
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Bing Liu
- IMRA America Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Abigail T Fahim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
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Nguyen VP, Hu J, Zhe J, Ramasamy S, Ahmed U, Paulus YM. Advanced nanomaterials for imaging of eye diseases. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:269-298. [PMID: 38720929 PMCID: PMC11075159 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Vision impairment and blindness present significant global challenges, with common causes including age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma. Advanced imaging tools, such as optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, photoacoustic microscopy, and fluorescence imaging, play a crucial role in improving therapeutic interventions and diagnostic methods. Contrast agents are often employed with these tools to enhance image clarity and signal detection. This review aims to explore the commonly used contrast agents in ocular disease imaging. Experimental approach The first section of the review delves into advanced ophthalmic imaging techniques, outlining their importance in addressing vision-related issues. The emphasis is on the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and diagnostic methods, establishing a foundation for the subsequent exploration of contrast agents. Key results This review focuses on the role of contrast agents, with a specific emphasis on gold nanoparticles, particularly gold nanorods. The discussion highlights how these contrast agents optimize imaging in ocular disease diagnosis and monitoring, emphasizing their unique properties that enhance signal detection and imaging precision. Conclusion The final section, we explores both organic and inorganic contrast agents and their applications in specific conditions such as choroidal neovascularization, retinal neovascularization, and stem cell tracking. The review concludes by addressing the limitations of current contrast agent usage and discussing potential future clinical applications. This comprehensive exploration contributes to advancing our understanding of contrast agents in ocular disease imaging and sets the stage for further research and development in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Justin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Josh Zhe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Sanjay Ramasamy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Umayr Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yannis M. Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Nguyen VP, Zhe J, Hu J, Ahmed U, Paulus YM. Molecular and cellular imaging of the eye. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:360-386. [PMID: 38223186 PMCID: PMC10783915 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The application of molecular and cellular imaging in ophthalmology has numerous benefits. It can enable the early detection and diagnosis of ocular diseases, facilitating timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Molecular imaging techniques can help identify disease biomarkers, monitor disease progression, and evaluate treatment responses. Furthermore, these techniques allow researchers to gain insights into the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Molecular and cellular imaging can also allow basic research to elucidate the normal physiological processes occurring within the eye, such as cell signaling, tissue remodeling, and immune responses. By providing detailed visualization at the molecular and cellular level, these imaging techniques contribute to a comprehensive understanding of ocular biology. Current clinically available imaging often relies on confocal microscopy, multi-photon microscopy, PET (positron emission tomography) or SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) techniques, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence imaging. Preclinical research focuses on the identification of novel molecular targets for various diseases. The aim is to discover specific biomarkers or molecular pathways associated with diseases, allowing for targeted imaging and precise disease characterization. In parallel, efforts are being made to develop sophisticated and multifunctional contrast agents that can selectively bind to these identified molecular targets. These contrast agents can enhance the imaging signal and improve the sensitivity and specificity of molecular imaging by carrying various imaging labels, including radionuclides for PET or SPECT, fluorescent dyes for optical imaging, or nanoparticles for multimodal imaging. Furthermore, advancements in technology and instrumentation are being pursued to enable multimodality molecular imaging. Integrating different imaging modalities, such as PET/MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or PET/CT (computed tomography), allows for the complementary strengths of each modality to be combined, providing comprehensive molecular and anatomical information in a single examination. Recently, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has been explored as a novel imaging technology for visualization of different retinal diseases. PAM is a non-invasive, non-ionizing radiation, and hybrid imaging modality that combines the optical excitation of contrast agents with ultrasound detection. It offers a unique approach to imaging by providing both anatomical and functional information. Its ability to utilize molecularly targeted contrast agents holds great promise for molecular imaging applications in ophthalmology. In this review, we will summarize the application of multimodality molecular imaging for tracking chorioretinal angiogenesis along with the migration of stem cells after subretinal transplantation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Josh Zhe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Justin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Umayr Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yannis M. Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Ni L, Zhang W, Kim W, Warchock A, Bicket A, Wang X, Moroi SE, Argento A, Xu G. 3D imaging of aqueous veins and surrounding sclera using a dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6291-6300. [PMID: 38420307 PMCID: PMC10898558 DOI: 10.1364/boe.505288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding aqueous outflow resistance at the level of aqueous veins has been a challenge to the management of glaucoma. This study investigated resolving the anatomies of aqueous veins and the textures of surrounding sclera using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). A dual wavelength PAM system was established and validated using imaging phantoms, porcine and human globes perfused with an optical contrast agent ex vivo. The system shows lateral resolution of 8.23 µm and 4.70 µm at 1200 nm and 532 nm, respectively, and an axial resolution of 27.6 µm. The system is able to separately distinguish the aqueous veins and the sclera with high contrast in full circumference of the porcine and human globes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wonsuk Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Alexus Warchock
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Amanda Bicket
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sayoko E. Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Havener Eye Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alan Argento
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 500 S. State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Xu G, Khan N, Almazroa A, Pawar M, Besirli C, Paulus YM, Wang X, Demirci H. Safety Evaluation of Photoacoustic Tomography System for Intraocular Tumors. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:30. [PMID: 35344017 PMCID: PMC8976930 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has demonstrated the ability to characterize molecular components and architectural heterogeneities of intraocular tumors in enucleated human globes and in animals in vivo. Although laser safety levels have been established for illumination through the cornea, the safety limit for PAT illumination through the sclera has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to examine if the energy level used in intraocular PAT results in ocular damage. Methods Rabbit eyes were exposed to pulsed laser illumination at 20 mJ/cm2 at the scleral surface. Eyes were examined at 1, 7, and 28 days after the laser exposure. Examination procedures included white light and fluorescence fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography (ERG), and histology with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as well as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL staining). Results Fundus imaging and OCT of rabbit eyes at 1, 7, and 28 days following exposure of the laser illumination of the PAT system did not reveal any damage to the retinal structures. ERG showed no significant difference between the experimental and control eyes. Similarly, H&E histology did not show abnormalities in either the scleral tissue where the laser illumination was delivered or in the retinal layers. No sign of apoptosis in the layers of the retina, choroid, or optic nerve was found on TUNEL staining. Conclusions Similar to the application of PAT to other organs, the proposed laser illumination energy level at 20 mJ/cm2 does not impose detectable harm to the ocular tissue. Translational Relevance This study addresses illumination safety issues for PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naheed Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ahmed Almazroa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin, Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mercy Pawar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cagri Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hakan Demirci
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abdullatif AM, Albalkini AS, Albalkini MS, Macky TA, Khattab A, Attya M. Long-term changes in ocular rigidity following scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 42:1491-1498. [PMID: 34817782 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the long-term effect of scleral buckling on corneal biomechanics and the effect of change of scleral properties on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. METHODS This is a prospective case series, patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment prepared for scleral buckling were included. Goldmann applanation tonometry was used to measure IOP (GAT IOP). Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) was used to measure corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), goldmann-corrected IOP (IOPg), and corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) preoperatively, and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS Thirty-three eyes included in the final analysis, with an average age 38.4 ± 16.2 years. CH and CRF decreased significantly at first, third, sixth months post-scleral buckling; however, this effect decreased with time as follows; preoperative: 8.9 ± 1.5 and 8.5 ± 2.1, first month: 6.8 ± 1.6 and 7.1 ± 1.8 (P value = 0.00, 0.002), third month: 7.8 ± 1.5 and 7.6 ± 1.6 (P value = 0.001, 0.008), and sixth month: 7.7 ± 1.3 and 7.6 ± 1.7 (P value = 0.002, 0.055). IOP cc was 19.3 ± 3.6, 17.1 ± 4, and 17.6 ± 2.9 at 1, 3, and 6 months, and these readings were significantly higher than GAT (13.6 ± 7.6, 12.4 ± 5.1, and 12.1 ± 2.9, P values = 0.00) and IOPg (14.9 ± 3.6, 13.5 ± 4.1, and 13.9 ± 3.5, P values = 0.00). The change in CH at each visit is correlated with the difference between the IOPcc and GAT measurements. CONCLUSION The conventional Goldmann applanation tonometry underestimates post buckle IOP measurements due corneal biomechanics changes. ORA might be an alternative and accurate method of measurement; however, further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdussalam M Abdullatif
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, 29th, 1th street, Apt. 11 Maadi Cairo, El-Manial, Cairo, 1141, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Saad Albalkini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, 29th, 1th street, Apt. 11 Maadi Cairo, El-Manial, Cairo, 1141, Egypt
| | | | - Tamer A Macky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, 29th, 1th street, Apt. 11 Maadi Cairo, El-Manial, Cairo, 1141, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Khattab
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, 29th, 1th street, Apt. 11 Maadi Cairo, El-Manial, Cairo, 1141, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, 29th, 1th street, Apt. 11 Maadi Cairo, El-Manial, Cairo, 1141, Egypt
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