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Yin J, Zhang F, Cao J, Chen Z, Xiong W. Gentiopicroside inhibits retinoblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis in nude mice by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1003-1013. [PMID: 37555853 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a prevalent pediatric intraocular tumor. The suppressive effect of gentiopicroside (GPS) has been reported on various tumors. This study sought to determine the effect of GPS on retinoblastoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumorigenesis in nude mice. The effect and mechanism of GPS on growth, apoptosis, invasion, and EMT were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), western blot, flow cytometry, and transwell assays in retinoblastoma cells. Y79 cells were injected into the vitreous cavity of BALB/c‑nude mice to construct a retinoblastoma mouse model. Tumor growth and mouse weight were monitored for sequential 5 weeks. The effect of GPS in vivo was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL), and western blot assays. GPS decreased the cell viability of both Y79 and Weri-Rb1 cells with the IC50 of 18.85 μM and 27.57 μM, respectively. Besides, GPS reduced the relative expression of proteins involved in proliferation and EMT, and the number of invading cells, while increased the apoptosis rate and the relative expressions of apoptosis proteins in retinoblastoma cells. Mechanically, GPS decreased the relative protein level of PI3K/AKT pathway, which was then recovered after 740 Y-P was applied. Correspondingly, 740 Y-P reversed the inhibitory effect of GPS on growth, invasion, and EMT, and the increased effect of GPS on apoptosis. Additionally, GPS decreased tumor volume and weight as well as the relative level of Ki-67, VEGF, p-PI3K/PI3K, and p-AKT/AKT, while increased the apoptosis rate in vivo. GPS inhibited retinoblastoma cell proliferation and invasion via deactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway in both cell and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 430013, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 430013, China
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 430013, China
| | - Zhaochangci Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 430013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 430013, China.
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Zhu M, Sun Y, Bai H, Wang Y, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Effects of saponins from Chinese herbal medicines on signal transduction pathways in cancer: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159985. [PMID: 37063281 PMCID: PMC10090286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a serious threat to human health, and the search for safe and effective drugs for its treatment has aroused interest and become a long-term goal. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCM), an ancient science with unique anti-cancer advantages, has achieved outstanding results in long-term clinical practice. Accumulating evidence shows that saponins are key bioactive components in TCM and have great research and development applications for their significant role in the treatment of cancer. Saponins are a class of glycosides comprising nonpolar triterpenes or sterols attached to hydrophilic oligosaccharide groups that exert antitumor effects by targeting the NF-κB, PI3Ks-Akt-mTOR, MAPK, Wnt-β-catenin, JAK-STAT3, APMK, p53, and EGFR signaling pathways. Presently, few advances have been made in physiological and pathological studies on the effect of saponins on signal transduction pathways involved in cancer treatment. This paper reviews the phytochemistry and extraction methods of saponins of TCM and their effects on signal transduction pathways in cancer. It aims to provide theoretical support for in-depth studies on the anticancer effects of saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haodong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuhong Wang, ; Haixue Kuang,
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuhong Wang, ; Haixue Kuang,
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Duan X, Sun H, Zhang T, Qin J, Cui R, Sun H. Brucine restores sodium nitroprusside-induced chondrocyte dysfunction by suppressing the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2022:109980. [PMID: 35644218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of chondrocytes is thought to play a role in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Brucine possesses wide pharmacological activities. But the protective mechanism of the brucine on chondrocytes remains unclear. This study is aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of brucine on the mouse chondrocyte OA model by sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The primary chondrocytes were obtained from the knee articular cartilage of a healthy suckling mouse donor. The cultured chondrocytes were divided into the control group, SNP group, brucine group, brucine-SNP group, brucine-SNP-GSK-3β antagonist group (brucine-SNP- group), and brucine-SNP-GSK-3β agonist group (brucine-SNP-GSK-3β+ group). After 24 h, the chondrocytes from different treated groups were collected to detect chondrocyte proliferation and ultrastructure, regulation factors, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Compared to the SNP group, chondrocyte proliferation, and regulation factors were promoted, and chondrocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway were inhibited by brucine. It indicates that the adverse effect of SNP is reversed by the brucine on the chondrocyte. Compared to the brucine-SNP group, the effect of brucine on the chondrocyte proliferation, regulation factothe apoptosis, and oxidative stress were promoted by the GSK-3β antagonist. It indicates that the chondrocyte is protected agairucine through buying the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoQin Duan
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China; . School and Hospital of Stomatology of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - HongZhi Sun
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Nursing of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - JiangXia Qin
- School of Nursing of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - RanJi Cui
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - HongChen Sun
- . School and Hospital of Stomatology of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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邹 琼, 伍 晓, 王 进, 夏 谍, 邓 萌, 丁 俞, 代 玉, 赵 嵩, 陈 彤. [Therapeutic effect of Panax notoginseng saponins combined with cyclophosphamide in mice bearing hepatocellular carcinoma H 22 cell xenograft]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:538-545. [PMID: 35527489 PMCID: PMC9085587 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of total saponins from Panax notognseng (PNS) combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) in mice bearing hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cell xenograft. METHODS We examined the effects of treatment with different concentrations of PNS on H22 cell proliferation for 24 to 72 h in vitro using CCK8 colorimetric assay. Annexin V/PI double fluorescence staining was used to detect the effect of PNS on apoptosis of H22 cells. Mouse models bearing H22 cell xenograft were established and treated with CTX (25 mg/kg), PNS (120, 240 or 480 mg/kg), alone or in combinations. After treatments for consecutive 10 days, the mice were euthanized for examinations of carbon clearance ability of the monocytes and macrophages, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), serum hemolysin antibody level, blood indicators, and the tumor inhibition rate. RESULTS Treatment with PNS concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and significantly promoted apoptosis of cultured H22 cells (P < 0.01). In the tumor-bearing mouse models, PNS alone and its combination with CTX both resulted in obvious enhancement of phagocytosis of the monocyte-macrophages, stimulated the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, promoted the release of TNF-α and IL-2 and the production of serum hemolysin antibody, and increased the number of white blood cells, red blood cells and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Treatment with 480 mg/kg PNS combined with CTX resulted in a tumor inhibition rate of 83.28% (P < 0.01) and a life prolonging rate of 131.25% in the mouse models (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION PNS alone or in combination with CTX can improve the immunity and tumor inhibition rate and prolong the survival time of H22 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- 琼 邹
- 昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 晓萍 伍
- 昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 进吉 王
- 昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 谍 夏
- 昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 萌玥 邓
- 昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 俞珍 丁
- 昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 玉玲 代
- 昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - 嵩月 赵
- 云南省食品药品审核查验中 心,云南 昆明 650228Yunnan Food and Drug Inspection Center, Kunming 650228, China
| | - 彤 陈
- 昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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