Promotion of conjunctival fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction by mast cells through up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase release and activation

Advances in Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosome on Immune Cells in Scar Formation

Pathological scars are the result of over-repair and excessive tissue proliferation of the skin injury. It may cause serious dysfunction, resulting in psychological and physiological burdens on the patients. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) displayed a promising therapeutic effect on wound repair and scar attenuation. But the regulatory mechanisms are opinions vary. In view of inflammation has long been proven as the initial factor of wound healing and scarring, and the unique immunomodulation mechanism of MSC-Exo, the utilization of MSC-Exo may be promising therapeutic for pathological scars. However, different immune cells function differently during wound repair and scar formation. The immunoregulatory mechanism of MSC-Exo would differ among different immune cells and molecules. Herein, this review gave a comprehensive summary of MSC-Exo immunomodulating different immune cells in wound healing and scar formation to provide basic theoretical references and therapeutic exploration of inflammatory wound healing and pathological scars.

Electrical stimulation promotes the wound-healing properties of diabetic human skin fibroblasts

This study evaluated the effect of low (20 and 40 mV/mm) intensities of electrical stimulation on the proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts from diabetic donors. We also examined the effect of electrical stimulation on modulating the capacity of fibroblasts to contract collagen gel, express alpha-smooth muscle actin, and secrete proteolytic enzymes involved in regulating extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation. Our study shows that 20 and 40 mV/mm of stimulation increased the growth of fibroblasts extracted from diabetic patients but not from non-diabetic donors. Electrical stimulation increased the migration of diabetic fibroblasts, their capacity to contract collagen gel, and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and promoted different proteolytic enzymes involved in accelerating wound healing. Overall results confirm the effectiveness of electrical stimulation in modulating the wound healing activities of fibroblasts extracted from diabetic skin donors. This study, therefore, suggests the possible use of electrical stimulation to promote diabetic foot ulcer healing by stimulating the wound healing properties of skin fibroblasts.