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Izuagbe S, Roy J, Chatila A, Hoang LQ, Ea V, Vaish B, Co CM, Ly A, Wu H, Tang L. A 3D in vitro model for assessing the influence of intraocular lens: Posterior lens capsule interactions on lens epithelial cell responses. Exp Eye Res 2024; 244:109940. [PMID: 38782178 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO), the most frequent complication of cataract surgery, is caused by the infiltration and proliferation of lens epithelial cells (LECs) at the interface between the intraocular lens (IOL) and posterior lens capsule (PLC). According to the "no space, no cells, no PCO" theory, high affinity (or adhesion force) between the IOL and PLC would decrease the IOL: PLC interface space, hinder LEC migration, and thus reduce PCO formation. To test this hypothesis, an in vitro hemisphere-shaped simulated PLC (sPLC) was made to mimic the human IOL: PLC physical interactions and to assess their influence on LEC responses. Three commercially available IOLs with different affinities/adhesion forces toward the sPLC, including Acrylic foldable IOL, Silicone IOL, and PMMA IOL, were used in this investigation. Using the system, the physical interactions between IOLs and sPLC were quantified by measuring the adhesion force and interface space using an adhesion force apparatus and Optical Coherence Tomography, respectively. Our data shows that high adhesion force and tight binding between IOL and sPLC contribute to a small interface space (or "no space"). By introducing LECs into the in vitro system, we found that, with small interface space, among all IOLs, acrylic foldable IOLs permitted the least extent of LEC infiltration, proliferation, and differentiation (or "no cells"). Further statistical analyses using clinical data revealed that weak LEC responses are associated with low clinical PCO incidence rates (or "no PCO"). The findings support that the in vitro system could simulate IOL: PLC interplays and predict IOLs' PCO potential in support of the "no space, no cells, no PCO" hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Izuagbe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Joyita Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Amjad Chatila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Le Quynh Hoang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Vicki Ea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Bhavya Vaish
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Cynthia M Co
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Aaron Ly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Hongli Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Chen S, Hu J, Shen L, Yu Y. Research Progress Concerning a Novel Intraocular Lens for the Prevention of Posterior Capsular Opacification. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071343. [PMID: 35890240 PMCID: PMC9318653 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication resulting from cataract surgery and limits the long-term postoperative visual outcome. Using Nd:YAG laser-assisted posterior capsulotomy for the clinical treatment of symptomatic PCO increases the risks of complications, such as glaucoma, retinal diseases, uveitis, and intraocular lens (IOL) pitting. Therefore, finding how to prevent PCO development is the subject of active investigations. As a replacement organ, the IOL is implanted into the lens capsule after cataract surgery, but it is also associated with the occurrence of PCO. Using IOL as a medium for PCO prophylaxis is a more facile and efficient method that has demonstrated various clinical application prospects. Thus, scientists have conducted a lot of research on new intraocular lens fabrication methods, such as optimizing IOL materials and design, and IOL surface modification (including plasma/ultraviolet/ozone treatment, chemical grafting, drug loading, coating modification, and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods). This paper summarizes the research progress for different types of intraocular lenses prepared by different surface modifications, including anti-biofouling IOLs, enhanced-adhesion IOLs, micro-patterned IOLs, photothermal IOLs, photodynamic IOLs, and drug-loading IOLs. These modified intraocular lenses inhibit PCO development by reducing the residual intraoperative lens epithelial cells or by regulating the cellular behavior of lens epithelial cells. In the future, more works are needed to improve the biosecurity and therapeutic efficacy of these modified IOLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Chengshou Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Silong Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
- Jiande Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lifang Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence:
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