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Sánchez-Flores M, Marcos-Pérez D, Costa S, Teixeira JP, Bonassi S, Pásaro E, Laffon B, Valdiglesias V. Oxidative stress, genomic features and DNA repair in frail elderly: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 37:1-15. [PMID: 28487242 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is an emerging geriatric syndrome characterized by higher vulnerability to stressors, with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes such as mortality, morbidity, disability, hospitalization, and institutionalization. Although it is generally recognized to have a biological basis, no particular biological trait has been consistently associated to frailty status so far. In this work, epidemiological studies evaluating association of frailty status with alterations at cellular level - namely oxidative stress, genomic instability and DNA damage and repair biomarkers -were revised and compared. A total of 25 studies fulfilled inclusion/exclusion criteria and, consequently, were included in the review. Variations of oxidative stress biomarkers were often associated to frailty status in older people. On the contrary, genomic instability seems not to be linked to frailty. The only study which addressed the possible relationship between DNA repair modulations and frailty status also failed in finding association. Despite the large number of cellular alterations known to be associated with frailty, studies on this issue are still very scarce and limited to some of the possible cellular targets. The established link between DNA repair, genomic instability, and age and age-related disorders, encourage deeper investigations on this line.
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Bunimovich YL, Nair-Gill E, Riedinger M, McCracken MN, Cheng D, McLaughlin J, Radu CG, Witte ON. Deoxycytidine kinase augments ATM-Mediated DNA repair and contributes to radiation resistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104125. [PMID: 25101980 PMCID: PMC4125169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and adequate generation of deoxyribonucleotides is critical to successful DNA repair. We show that ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) integrates the DNA damage response with DNA metabolism by regulating the salvage of deoxyribonucleosides. Specifically, ATM phosphorylates and activates deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) at serine 74 in response to ionizing radiation (IR). Activation of dCK shifts its substrate specificity toward deoxycytidine, increases intracellular dCTP pools post IR, and enhances the rate of DNA repair. Mutation of a single serine 74 residue has profound effects on murine T and B lymphocyte development, suggesting that post-translational regulation of dCK may be important in maintaining genomic stability during hematopoiesis. Using [(18)F]-FAC, a dCK-specific positron emission tomography (PET) probe, we visualized and quantified dCK activation in tumor xenografts after IR, indicating that dCK activation could serve as a biomarker for ATM function and DNA damage response in vivo. In addition, dCK-deficient leukemia cell lines and murine embryonic fibroblasts exhibited increased sensitivity to IR, indicating that pharmacologic inhibition of dCK may be an effective radiosensitization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L. Bunimovich
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Evan Nair-Gill
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mireille Riedinger
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa N. McCracken
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Donghui Cheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jami McLaughlin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Caius G. Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Owen N. Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Barral S, Beltramo R, Salio C, Aimar P, Lossi L, Merighi A. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX in the mouse brain from development to senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1554-73. [PMID: 24451138 PMCID: PMC3907886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the histone H2AX (γH2AX form) is an early response to DNA damage and a marker of aging and disease in several cells and tissues outside the nervous system. Little is known about in vivo phosphorylation of H2AX in neurons, although it was suggested that γH2AX is an early marker of neuronal endangerment thus opening the possibility to target it as a neuroprotective strategy. After experimental labeling of DNA-synthesizing cells with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU), we studied the brain occurrence of γH2AX in developing, postnatal, adult and senescent (2 years) mice by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Focal and/or diffuse γH2AX immunostaining appears in interkinetic nuclei, mitotic chromosomes, and apoptotic nuclei. Immunoreactivity is mainly associated with neurogenetic areas, i.e., the subventricular zone (SVZ) of telencephalon, the cerebellar cortex, and, albeit to a much lesser extent, the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In addition, γH2AX is highly expressed in the adult and senescent cerebral cortex, particularly the piriform cortex. Double labeling experiments demonstrate that γH2AX in neurogenetic brain areas is temporally and functionally related to proliferation and apoptosis of neuronal precursors, i.e., the type C transit amplifying cells (SVZ) and the granule cell precursors (cerebellum). Conversely, γH2AX-immunoreactive cortical neurons incorporating the S phase-label BrdU do not express the proliferation marker phosphorylated histone H3, indicating that these postmitotic cells undergo a significant DNA damage response. Our study paves the way for a better comprehension of the role of H2AX phosphorylation in the normal brain, and offers additional data to design novel strategies for the protection of neuronal precursors and mature neurons in central nervous system (CNS) degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barral
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Grugliasco I-10095, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Beltramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Grugliasco I-10095, Italy.
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Grugliasco I-10095, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Aimar
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Grugliasco I-10095, Italy.
| | - Laura Lossi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Grugliasco I-10095, Italy.
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, Grugliasco I-10095, Italy.
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