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Almirón M, Gomez FH, Sambucetti P, Norry FM. Heat-induced hormesis in longevity is linked to heat-stress sensitivity across laboratory populations from diverse altitude of origin in Drosophila buzzatii. Biogerontology 2024; 25:183-190. [PMID: 37725295 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced hormesis in longevity is the increase in life span resulting from the previous exposure to a mild heat stress early in life. Here we examined heat-induced hormesis of Drosophila buzzatii in five mass-mating populations, which were derived from five wild populations along an elevation gradient from 202 to 1855 m above sea level in North-Western Argentina. Five day old flies were exposed to 37.5 °C for 90 min to induce hormesis and its possible variation across altitudinal populations. This heat treatment strongly extended longevity in lowland-derived flies from the most heat-resistant population only. Both heat-induced effects on longevity and heat-knockdown time (heat-stress sensitivity) were negatively correlated to altitude of population of origin. Hormesis was positively correlated to heat-knockdown time across populations. These results indicate that variation in heat-induced hormesis can not be considered as independent of heat-stress sensitivity (or heat-knockdown time) in populations of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Almirón
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico H Gomez
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Sambucetti
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabian M Norry
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA)-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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De Araujo LI, Karsten M, Terblanche JS. Flight-reproduction trade-offs are weak in a field cage experiment across multiple Drosophila species. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:100060. [PMID: 37292492 PMCID: PMC10244903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flight-reproduction trade-offs, such that more mobile individuals sacrifice reproductive output (e.g., fecundity) or incur fitness costs, are well-studied in a handful of wing-dimorphic model systems. However, these trade-offs have not been systematically assessed across reproduction-related traits and taxa in wing monomorphic species despite having broad implications for the ecology and evolution of pterygote insect species. Here we therefore determined the prevalence, magnitude and direction of flight-reproduction trade-offs on several fitness-related traits in a semi-field setting by comparing disperser and resident flies from repeated releases of five wild-caught, laboratory-reared Drosophila species, and explicitly controlling for a suite of potential confounding effects (maternal effects, recent thermal history) and potential morphological covariates (wing-loading, body mass). We found almost no systematic differences in reproductive output (egg production), reproductive fitness (offspring survival), or longevity between flying (disperser) and resident flies in our replicated releases, even if adjusting for potential morphological variation. After correction for false discovery rates, none of the five species showed evidence of a significant fitness trade-off associated with increased flight (sustained, simulated voluntary field dispersal). Our results therefore suggest that flight-reproduction trade-offs are not as common as might have been expected when assessed systematically across species and under the relatively standardized conditions and field setting employed here, at least not in the genus Drosophila. The magnitude and direction of potential dispersal- or flight-induced trade-offs, and the conditions that promote them, clearly require closer scrutiny. We argue that flight or dispersal is either genuinely cheaper than expected, or the costs manifest differently than those assessed here. Lost opportunities (i.e., time spent on mate-finding, mating or foraging) or nutrient-poor conditions could promote fitness costs to dispersal in our study system and that could be explored in future.
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Fitness Analysis and Transcriptome Profiling Following Repeated Mild Heat Stress of Varying Frequency in Drosophila melanogaster Females. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121323. [PMID: 34943239 PMCID: PMC8698867 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We studied the effect of mild heat stress (38 °C, 1 h) occurring once a day or once a week on D. melanogaster fertility, longevity, body composition metabolism and differential gene expression in fat body and adjacent tissues. Weekly stress in the first two weeks did not affect longevity but caused a decrease in fat content and an increase in the total level of fertility. Daily stress caused a significant longevity, fertility and fat content decrease, but an increase in carbohydrate levels compared with the control group. These data agree well with the results of transcriptome analysis, which demonstrated significant changes in expression levels of genes involved in proteolysis/digestion following daily stress. Heat shock protein 23 and stress-inducible humoral factor Turandot gene network are also involved. It is notable that daily and weekly heat stress resulted in different changes in metabolism, fitness and differential gene expression. Abstract Understanding how repeated stress affects metabolic and physiological functions in the long run is of crucial importance for evaluating anthropogenic pressure on the environment. We investigated fertility, longevity and metabolism in D. melanogaster females exposed to short-term heat stress (38 °C, 1 h) repeated daily or weekly. Daily stress was shown to cause a significant decrease in both fertility and longevity, as well as in body mass and triglyceride (fat) content, but a significant increase in trehalose and glucose content. Weekly stress did not affect longevity and carbohydrate metabolism but resulted in a significant decrease in body mass and fat content. Weekly stress did not affect the total level of fertility, despite sharp fertility drops on the exact days of stressing. However, stressing insects weekly, only in the first two weeks after eclosion, caused a significant increase in the total level of fertility. The analysis of differentially expressed genes in the fat bodies and adjacent tissues of researched groups with the use of RNA-Seq profiling revealed changes in signal pathways related to proteolysis/digestion, heat shock protein 23, and in the tightly linked stress-inducible humoral factor Turandot gene network.
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Exploring thermal flight responses as predictors of flight ability and geographic range size in Drosophila. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 236:110532. [PMID: 31351148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermal flight performance curves (TFPCs) may be a useful proxy for determining dispersal on daily timescales in winged insect species. Few studies have assessed TFPCs across a range of species under standard conditions despite that they may be useful in predicting variation in performance, abundance or geographic range shifts with forecast climate variability. Indeed, the factors determining realized dispersal within and among flying insect species are generally poorly understood. To better understand how flight performance may be correlated with geographic range extent and potential latitudinal climate variability, we estimated the thermal performance curves of flight ability in 11 Drosophilidae species (in 4 °C increments across 16-28 °C) after standard laboratory rearing for two generations. We tested if key morphological, evolutionary or ecological factors (e.g. species identity, sex, body mass, wing loading, geographic range size) predicted traits of TFPCs (including optimum temperature, maximum performance, thermal breadth of performance) or flight ability (success/failure to fly). Although several parameters of TFPCs varied among species these were typically not statistically significant probably owing to the relatively small pool of species assessed and the limited trait variation detected. The best explanatory model of these flight responses across species included significant positive effects of test temperature and wing area. However, the rank of geographic distribution breadth and phylogeny failed to explain significant variation in most of the traits, except for thermal performance breadth, of thermal flight performance curves among these 11 species. Future studies that employ a wider range of Drosophilidae species, especially if coupled with fine-scale estimates of species' environmental niches, would be useful.
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Lylyk MP, Bayliak MM, Shmihel HV, Storey JM, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on lifespan and functional aging of Drosophila melanogaster flies. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj90.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Li X, Luo L, Karthi S, Zhang K, Luo J, Hu Q, Weng Q. Effects of 200 Gy 60Co-γ Radiation on the Regulation of Antioxidant Enzymes, Hsp70 Genes, and Serum Molecules of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051011. [PMID: 29701645 PMCID: PMC6099622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), is one of the notorious pests causing substantial loses to many cruciferous vegetables across the nations. The effects of 60Co-γ radiation on physiology of P. xylostella were investigated and the results displayed that 200 Gy irradiation significantly alters the antioxidant enzyme regulation in six-day-old male pupae of P. xylostella. First, in our research, we detected Oxidase system and stress response mechanism of irradiated pupae, the results displayed that 200 Gy irradiation significantly alters the antioxidant enzyme regulation in six-day-old male pupae of P. xylostella. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were increased significantly in contrast the level of peroxidase (POD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were decreased in 12–24 h post-treatment. The heat shock proteins (Hsps) gene expression level was significant increasing, maximum > 2-folds upregulation of genes were observed in peak. However, they also had a trend of gradual recovery with development. Second, we detected the testis lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity found that in male adults testis they increased significantly than control during its development. Thus the present research investigation highlights that the 60Co-γ radiation treatments alters the physiological development of diamondback moth. The results showed that 200 Gy dosage resulted in stress damage to the body and reproductive system of the diamondback moth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lingyan Luo
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jianjun Luo
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qunfang Weng
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Dickel F, Münch D, Amdam GV, Mappes J, Freitak D. Increased survival of honeybees in the laboratory after simultaneous exposure to low doses of pesticides and bacteria. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191256. [PMID: 29385177 PMCID: PMC5791986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of honeybees and bumblebees have examined combinatory effects of different stressors, as insect pollinators are naturally exposed to multiple stressors. At the same time the potential influences of simultaneously occurring agricultural agents on insect pollinator health remain largely unknown. Due to different farming methods, and the drift of applied agents and manure, pollinators are most probably exposed to insecticides but also bacteria from organic fertilizers at the same time. We orally exposed honeybee workers to sub-lethal doses of the insecticide thiacloprid and two strains of the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, which can occur in manure from farming animals. Our results show that under laboratory conditions the bees simultaneously exposed to the a bacterium and the pesticide thiacloprid thiacloprid had significant higher survival rates 11 days post exposure than the controls, which surprisingly showed the lowest survival. Bees that were exposed to diet containing thiacloprid showed decreased food intake. General antibacterial activity is increased by the insecticide and the bacteria, resulting in a higher immune response observed in treated individuals compared to control individuals. We thus propose that caloric restriction through behavioural and physiological adaptations may have mediated an improved survival and stress resistance in our tests. However, the decreased food consumption could in long-term also result in possible negative effects at colony level. Our study does not show an additive negative impact of sub-lethal insecticide and bacteria doses, when tested under laboratory conditions. In contrast, we report seemingly beneficial effects of simultaneous exposure of bees to agricultural agents, which might demonstrate a surprising biological capacity for coping with stressors, possibly through hormetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Dickel
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Daniel Münch
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Gro Vang Amdam
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States of America
| | - Johanna Mappes
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Dalial Freitak
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Elevated extension of longevity by cyclically heat stressing a set of recombinant inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster throughout their adult life. Biogerontology 2016; 17:883-892. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Saldanha JN, Pandey S, Powell-Coffman JA. The effects of short-term hypergravity on Caenorhabditis elegans. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2016; 10:38-46. [PMID: 27662786 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Haddi K, Mendes MV, Barcellos MS, Lino-Neto J, Freitas HL, Guedes RNC, Oliveira EE. Sexual Success after Stress? Imidacloprid-Induced Hormesis in Males of the Neotropical Stink Bug Euschistus heros. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156616. [PMID: 27284906 PMCID: PMC4902253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress in newly-emerged adult insects can have dramatic consequences on their life traits (e.g., dispersion, survival and reproduction) as adults. For instance, insects sublethally exposed to environmental stressors (e.g., insecticides) can gain fitness benefits as a result of hormesis (i.e., benefits of low doses of compounds that would be toxic at higher doses). Here, we experimentally tested whether sublethal exposure to the insecticide imidacloprid would hormetically affect the sexual fitness of newly-emerged adults of the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), which is the most abundant and prevalent insect pest in Neotropical soybean fields. We evaluated the sexual fitness of four couple combinations: unexposed couples, exposed females, exposed males, and exposed couples. Sublethal exposure to dry residues (i.e., contact) of imidacloprid (at 1% of recommended field rate) did not affect insect survival, but led to higher mating frequencies when at least one member of the couple was exposed. However, the average mating duration was shortened when only females were exposed to imidacloprid. Moreover, exposed males showed higher locomotory (walking) activity, lower respiration rates and induced higher fecundity rates when mated to unexposed females. Although the reproductive tracts of exposed males did not differ morphometrically from unexposed males, their accessory glands exhibited positive reactions for acidic and basic contents. Our findings suggest that males of the Neotropical brown stink bug hormetically increase their sexual fitness when cued by impending insecticidal stress in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Haddi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570–900, Brasil
- Science without Border Associate Researcher, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570–000, Brasil
- * E-mail: (EEO); (KH)
| | - Marcos V. Mendes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570–900, Brasil
| | - Marcelo S. Barcellos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570–900, Brasil
| | - José Lino-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570–900, Brasil
| | - Hemerson L. Freitas
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570–900, Brasil
| | - Raul Narciso C. Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570–900, Brasil
| | - Eugênio E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570–900, Brasil
- * E-mail: (EEO); (KH)
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What is hormesis and its relevance to healthy aging and longevity? Biogerontology 2015; 16:693-707. [PMID: 26349923 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a broad overview of hormesis, a specific type of biphasic dose response, its historical and scientific foundations as well as its biomedical applications, especially with respect to aging. Hormesis is a fundamental component of adaptability, neutralizing many endogenous and environmental challenges by toxic agents, thereby enhancing survival. Hormesis is highly conserved, broadly generalizable, and pleiotrophic, being independent of biological model, endpoint measured, inducing agent, level of biological organization and mechanism. The low dose stimulatory hormetic response has specific characteristics which defines both the quantitative features of biological plasticity and the potential for maximum biological performance, thereby estimating the limits to which numerous medical and pharmacological interventions may affect humans. The substantial degrading of some hormetic processes in the aged may profoundly reduce the capacity to respond effectively to numerous environmental/ischemic and other stressors leading to compromised health, disease and, ultimately, defining the bounds of longevity.
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Liang LN, Zhang W, Ma G, Hoffmann AA, Ma CS. A single hot event stimulates adult performance but reduces egg survival in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116339. [PMID: 25551751 PMCID: PMC4281249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to increase the exposure of insects to hot events (involving a few hours at extreme high temperatures). These events are unlikely to cause widespread mortality but may modify population dynamics via impacting life history traits such as adult fecundity and egg hatching. These effects and their potential impact on population predictions are still largely unknown. In this study, we simulated a single hot event (maximum of 38°C lasting for 4 h) of a magnitude increasingly found under field conditions and examined its effect in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta. This hot event had no impact on the survival of G. molesta adults, copulation periods or male longevity. However, the event increased female lifespan and the length of the oviposition period, leading to a potential increase in lifetime fecundity and suggesting hormesis. In contrast, exposure of males to this event markedly reduced the net reproductive value. Male heat treatment delayed the onset of oviposition in the females they mated with, as well as causing a decrease in the duration of oviposition period and lifetime fecundity. Both male and female stress also reduced egg hatch. Our findings of hormetic effects on female performance but concurrent detrimental effects on egg hatch suggest that hot events have unpredictable consequences on the population dynamics of this pest species with implications for likely effects associated with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Liang
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Departments of Zoology and Genetics, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chun-Sen Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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López-Martínez G, Hahn DA. Early life hormetic treatments decrease irradiation-induced oxidative damage, increase longevity, and enhance sexual performance during old age in the Caribbean fruit fly. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88128. [PMID: 24498251 PMCID: PMC3909283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life events can have dramatic consequences on performance later in life. Exposure to stressors at a young age affects development, the rate of aging, risk of disease, and overall lifespan. In spite of this, mild stress exposure early in life can have beneficial effects on performance later in life. These positive effects of mild stress are referred to as physiological conditioning hormesis. In our current study we used anoxia conditioning hormesis as a pretreatment to reduce oxidative stress and improve organismal performance, lifespan, and healthspan of Caribbean fruit flies. We used gamma irradiation to induce mild oxidative damage in a low-dose experiment, and massive oxidative damage in a separate high-dose experiment, in pharate adult fruit flies just prior to adult emergence. Irradiation-induced oxidative stress leads to reduced adult emergence, flight ability, mating performance, and lifespan. We used a hormetic approach, one hour of exposure to anoxia plus irradiation in anoxia, to lower post-irradiation oxidative damage. We have previously shown that this anoxic-conditioning treatment elevates total antioxidant capacity and lowers post-irradiation oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. In this study, conditioned flies had lower mortality rates and longer lifespan compared to those irradiated without hormetic conditioning. As a metric of healthspan, we tracked mating both at a young age (10 d) and old age (30 d). We found that anoxia-conditioned male flies were more competitive at young ages when compared to unconditioned irradiation stressed male flies, and that the positive effects of anoxic conditioning hormesis on mating success were even more pronounced in older males. Our data shows that physiological conditioning hormesis at a young age, not only improves immediate metrics of organismal performance (emergence, flight, mating), but the beneficial effects also carry into old age by reducing late life oxidative damage and improving lifespan and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo López-Martínez
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel A. Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Sarup P, Sørensen P, Loeschcke V. The long-term effects of a life-prolonging heat treatment on the Drosophila melanogaster transcriptome suggest that heat shock proteins extend lifespan. Exp Gerontol 2013; 50:34-9. [PMID: 24316037 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat-induced hormesis, i.e. the beneficial effect of mild heat-induced stress, increases the average lifespan of many organisms. This effect, which depends on the heat shock factor, decreases the log mortality rate weeks after the stress has ceased. To identify candidate genes that mediate this lifespan-prolonging effect late in life, we treated flies with mild heat stress (34 °C for 2 h) 3 times early in life and compared the transcriptomic response in these flies versus non-heat-treated controls 10-51 days after the last heat treatment. We found significant transcriptomic changes in the heat-treated flies. Several hsp70 probe sets were up-regulated 1.7-2-fold in the mildly stressed flies weeks after the last heat treatment (P<0.01). This result was unexpected as the major Drosophila heat shock protein, Hsp70, is reported to return to normal levels of expression shortly after heat stress. We conclude that the heat shock response, and Hsp70 in particular, may be central to the heat-induced increase in the average lifespan in flies that are exposed to mild heat stress early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sarup
- Aarhus Centre for Environmental Stress Research (ACES), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Building 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - P Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - V Loeschcke
- Aarhus Centre for Environmental Stress Research (ACES), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Building 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Gomez FH, Sambucetti P, Norry FM. Effects of dietary composition on life span of Drosophila buzzatii and its short-lived sibling species D. koepferae. Biogerontology 2013; 14:423-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lagisz M, Hector KL, Nakagawa S. Life extension after heat shock exposure: assessing meta-analytic evidence for hormesis. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:653-60. [PMID: 23570942 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is the response of organisms to a mild stressor resulting in improved health and longevity. Mild heat shocks have been thought to induce hormetic response because they promote increased activity of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may extend lifespan. Using data from 27 studies on 12 animal species, we performed a comparative meta-analysis to quantify the effect of heat shock exposure on longevity. Contrary to our expectations, heat shock did not measurably increase longevity in the overall meta-analysis, although we observed much heterogeneity among studies. Thus, we explored the relative contributions of different experimental variables (i.e. moderators). Higher temperatures, longer durations of heat shock exposure, increased shock repeat and less time between repeat shocks, all decreased the likelihood of a life-extending effect, as would be expected when a hormetic response crosses the threshold to being a damaging exposure. We conclude that there is limited evidence that mild heat stress is a universal way of promoting longevity at the whole-organism level. Life extension via heat-induced hormesis is likely to be constrained to a narrow parameter window of experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lagisz
- Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, New Zealand.
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López-Martínez G, Hahn DA. Short-term anoxic conditioning hormesis boosts antioxidant defenses, lowers oxidative damage following irradiation and enhances male sexual performance in the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2150-61. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.065631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Most organisms are repeatedly exposed to oxidative stress from multiple sources throughout their lifetimes, potentially affecting all aspects of organismal performance. Here we test whether exposure to a conditioning bout of anoxia early in adulthood induces a hormetic response that confers resistance to oxidative stress and enhances male sexual performance later in life in the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa. Anoxic conditioning of adults prior to emergence led to an increase in antioxidant capacity driven by mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. When exposed to gamma irradiation, a strong oxidative stressor, males that received anoxic conditioning had lower lipid and protein oxidative damage at sexual maturity. Anoxia conditioning led to greater male sexual competitiveness compared with unconditioned males when both were irradiated, although there was no effect of anoxia conditioning on mating competitiveness in unirradiated males. Anoxia also led to higher adult emergence rates and greater flight ability in irradiation-stressed flies while preserving sterility. Thus, hormetic treatments that increased antioxidant enzyme activity also improved male performance after irradiation, suggesting that antioxidant enzymes play an important role in mediating the relationship between oxidative stress and sexual selection. Furthermore, our work has important applied implications for the sterile insect technique (SIT), an environmentally friendly method of insect pest control where males are sterilized by irradiation and deployed in the field to disrupt pest populations via mating. We suggest that hormetic treatments specifically designed to enhance antioxidant activity may produce more sexually competitive sterile males, thus improving the efficacy and economy of SIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Rodriguez M, Snoek LB, Riksen JAG, Bevers RP, Kammenga JE. Genetic variation for stress-response hormesis in C. elegans lifespan. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:581-7. [PMID: 22613270 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Increased lifespan can be associated with greater resistance to many different stressors, most notably thermal stress. Such hormetic effects have also been found in C. elegans where short-term exposure to heat lengthens the lifespan. Genetic investigations have been carried out using mutation perturbations in a single genotype, the wild type Bristol N2. Yet, induced mutations do not yield insight regarding the natural genetic variation of thermal tolerance and lifespan. We investigated the genetic variation of heat-shock recovery, i.e. hormetic effects on lifespan and associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) in C. elegans. Heat-shock resulted in an 18% lifespan increase in wild type CB4856 whereas N2 did not show a lifespan elongation. Using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between wild types N2 and CB4856 we found natural variation in stress-response hormesis in lifespan. Approx. 28% of the RILs displayed a hormesis effect in lifespan. We did not find any hormesis effects for total offspring. Across the RILs there was no relation between lifespan and offspring. The ability to recover from heat-shock mapped to a significant QTL on chromosome II which overlapped with a QTL for offspring under heat-shock conditions. The QTL was confirmed by introgressing relatively small CB4856 regions into chromosome II of N2. Our observations show that there is natural variation in hormetic effects on C. elegans lifespan for heat-shock and that this variation is genetically determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Insects are ubiquitous, crucial components of almost all terrestrial and fresh water ecosystems. In agricultural settings they are subjected to, intentionally or unintentionally, an array of synthetic pesticides and other chemical stressors. These ecological underpinnings, the amenability of insects to laboratory and field experiments, and our strong knowledgebase in insecticide toxicology, make the insect-insecticide model an excellent one to study many questions surrounding hormesis. Moreover, there is practical importance for agriculture with evidence of pest population growth being accelerated by insecticide hormesis. Nevertheless, insects have been underutilized in studies of hormesis. Where hormesis hypotheses have been tested, results clearly demonstrate stimulatory effects on multiple taxa as measured through several biological endpoints, both at individual and population levels. However, many basic questions are outstanding given the myriad of chemicals, responses, and ecological interactions that are likely to occur.
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Calabrese EJ. Hormesis: Toxicological foundations and role in aging research. Exp Gerontol 2012; 48:99-102. [PMID: 22525590 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of toxicology adopted the threshold dose response in the early decades of the 20th century. The model was rapidly incorporated into governmental regulatory assessment procedures and became a central feature of chemical evaluation and assessment. The toxicological community never validated the capacity of this model to make accurate predictions throughout the remainder of the 20th century. A series of recent investigations have demonstrated that the threshold and linear dose response model failed to make accurate predictions in the low dose zone. Such findings demonstrate a profound failure by the toxicology community on the central pillar of its discipline and one with profound public health, medical and economic implications. Ironically, the hormetic dose response, which was rejected by the toxicology community during the early decades of the 20th century, accurately predicted responses in the low dose zone in the same three large-scale validation assessments. Within the past two decades hormetic dose responses have been frequently reported in the experimental biogerontology literature, associated with endpoints associated enhancing healthy aging and longevity. The low dose stimulatory response of the hormetic dose response model represents the quantification of enhanced biological performance in the experimental facilitation of aging quality via multiple endpoints and mechanisms and in the extension of lifespan in such animal models research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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