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Lu X, Xu G, Lin Z, Zou F, Liu S, Zhang Y, Fu W, Jiang J, Ma X, Song J. Engineered exosomes enriched in netrin-1 modRNA promote axonal growth in spinal cord injury by attenuating inflammation and pyroptosis. Biomater Res 2023; 27:3. [PMID: 36647161 PMCID: PMC9843879 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) brings a heavy burden to individuals and society, and there is no effective treatment at present. Exosomes (EX) are cell secreted vesicles containing molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, which hold promise for the treatment of SCI. Netrin-1 is an axon guidance factor that regulates neuronal growth. We investigated the effects of engineered EX enriched in netrin-1 chemically synthetic modified message RNA (modRNA) in treating SCI in an attempt to find a novel therapeutic approach for SCI. METHODS Netrin-1 modRNA was transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to obtain EX enriched with netrin-1 (EX-netrin1). We built an inflammatory model in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro to study the therapeutic effect of EX-netrin1 on SCI. For experiments in vitro, ELISA, CCK-8 assay, immunofluorescence staining, lactate dehydrogenase release experiments test, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were conducted. At the same time, we constructed a rat model of SCI. MRI, hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining were used to assess the extent of SCI in rats. RESULTS In vitro experiments showed that EX had no effect on the viability of oligodendrocytes and PC12 cells. EX-netrin1 could attenuate LPS-induced inflammation and pyroptosis and accelerate axonal/dentritic growth in PC12 cells/oligodendrocytes. In addition, netrin-1 could activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway upon binding to its receptor unc5b. When Unc5b and PI3K were inhibited, the effect of EX-netrin1 was weakened, which could be reversed by PI3K or mTOR activator. Our in vivo experiments indicated that EX-netrin1 could promote recovery in rats with SCI. CONCLUSION We found that EX-netrin1 regulated inflammation, pyroptosis and axon growth in SCI via the Unc5b/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhidi Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jianyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Zaletel I, Milutinović K, Bajčetić M, Nowakowski RS. Differentiation of Amyloid Plaques Between Alzheimer's Disease and Non-Alzheimer's Disease Individuals Based on Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix Texture Analysis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1146-1153. [PMID: 35105417 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid plaques, one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are classified into diffuse (associated with cognitive impairment) and dense-core types (a common finding in brains of people without Alzheimer's disease (non-AD) and without impaired cognitive function) based on their morphology. We tried to determine the usability of gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture parameters of homogeneity and heterogeneity for the differentiation of amyloid plaque images obtained from AD and non-AD individuals. Images of amyloid-β (Aβ) immunostained brain tissue samples were obtained from the Aging, Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Project. A total of 1,039 plaques were isolated from different brain regions of 69 AD and non-AD individuals and used for further GLCM analysis. Images of Aβ stained plaques show higher values of heterogeneity parameters and lower values of homogeneity parameters in AD patients, and vice versa in non-AD patients. Additionally, GLCM analysis shows differences in Aβ plaque texture between different brain regions in non-AD patients and correlates with variables that characterize patient's dementia status. The present study shows that GLCM texture analysis is an efficient method to discriminate between different types of amyloid plaques based on their morphology and thus can prove as a valuable tool in the neuropathological investigation of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zaletel
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Đ. Kostić", University of Belgrade, Belgrade11000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Katarina Milutinović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Đ. Kostić", University of Belgrade, Belgrade11000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Miloš Bajčetić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Đ. Kostić", University of Belgrade, Belgrade11000, Republic of Serbia
| | - Richard S Nowakowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, 32306-4300, FL, USA
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Carvajal-Flores FN, Díaz A, Flores-Gómez GD, de la Cruz F, Flores G. Phenylbutyrate ameliorates prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens neural atrophy as well as synaptophysin and GFAP stress in aging mice. Synapse 2020; 74:e22177. [PMID: 32531811 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports on brain aging suggest that oxidative stress and inflammatory processes contribute to aging. Interestingly, sodium phenylbutyrate (PBA) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Several reports have suggested the effect of PBA on learning and memory processes, however there are no studies of the effect of this inhibitor of histone deacetylase on aging. Consequently, in the present study, the effect of PBA was studied in 18-month-old mice. The animals were administered PBA for 2 months after locomotor activity treatment and Morris water maze tests were performed. The Golgi-Cox staining technique and immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin were performed for the morphological procedures. The administration of PBA improves learning and memory according to the Morris water maze test compared to vehicle-treated animals, which had unchanged locomotor activity. Using Golgi-Cox staining, dendritic length and the number of dendritic spines were measured in limbic regions, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 3, and the CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus. In addition, PBA increased the number of dendritic spines in the PFC, NAcc, and CA1 subregions of the hippocampus with an increase in dendritic length only in the CA1 region. Moreover, PBA reduced the levels of the GFAP and increased the levels of synaptophysin in the studied regions. Thus, PBA can be a useful pharmacological tool to prevent or delay synaptic plasticity damage and cognitive impairment caused by age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gabriel D Flores-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Cholula, Mexico
| | - Fidel de la Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
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Dragić M, Zarić M, Mitrović N, Nedeljković N, Grković I. Application of Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Analysis as a New Method for Enzyme Histochemistry Quantification. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:690-698. [PMID: 30714562 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618016306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme histochemistry is a valuable histological method which provides a connection between morphology, activity, and spatial localization of investigated enzymes. Even though the method relies purely on arbitrary evaluations performed by the human eye, it is still wildly accepted and used in histo(patho)logy. Texture analysis emerged as an excellent tool for image quantification of subtle differences reflected in both spatial discrepancies and gray level values of pixels. The current study of texture analysis utilizes the gray-level co-occurrence matrix as a method for quantification of differences between ecto-5'-nucleotidase activities in healthy hippocampal tissue and tissue with marked neurodegeneration. We used the angular second moment, contrast (CON), correlation, inverse difference moment (INV), and entropy for texture analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis with immunoblot and qualitative assessment of enzyme histochemistry as a validation. Our results strongly argue that co-occurrence matrix analysis could be used for the determination of fine differences in the enzyme activities with the possibility to ascribe those differences to regions or specific cell types. In addition, it emerged that INV and CON are especially useful parameters for this type of enzyme histochemistry analysis. We concluded that texture analysis is a reliable method for quantification of this descriptive technique, thus removing biases and adding it a quantitative dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milorad Dragić
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics,Faculty of Biology,University of Belgrade,Belgrade,Studentski trg 3,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Marina Zarić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology,Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade,Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Nataša Mitrović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology,Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade,Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Nadežda Nedeljković
- Department for General Physiology and Biophysics,Faculty of Biology,University of Belgrade,Belgrade,Studentski trg 3,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Ivana Grković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology,Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade,Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14,11001 Belgrade,Serbia
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