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β-Adrenoceptor Blockade Moderates Neuroinflammation in Male and Female EAE Rats and Abrogates Sexual Dimorphisms in the Major Neuroinflammatory Pathways by Being More Efficient in Males. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1237-1265. [PMID: 35798933 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in male compared with female adult rats, and moderating effect of propranolol-induced β-adrenoceptor blockade on EAE in females, the effect associated with transcriptional stimulation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis in spinal cord microglia. This study examined putative sexual dimorphism in propranolol action on EAE severity. Propranolol treatment beginning from the onset of clinical EAE mitigated EAE severity in rats of both sexes, but to a greater extent in males exhibiting higher noradrenaline levels and myeloid cell β2-adrenoceptor expression in spinal cord. This correlated with more prominent stimulatory effects of propranolol not only on CX3CL1/CX3CR1/Nrf2/HO-1 cascade, but also on Stat3/Socs3 signaling axis in spinal cord microglia/myeloid cells (mirrored in the decreased Stat3 and the increased Socs3 expression) from male rats compared with their female counterparts. Propranolol diminished the frequency of activated cells among microglia, increased their phagocyting/endocyting capacity, and shifted cytokine secretory profile of microglia/blood-borne myeloid cells towards an anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotype. Additionally, it downregulated the expression of chemokines (CCL2, CCL19/21) driving T-cell/monocyte trafficking into spinal cord. Consequently, in propranolol-treated rats fewer activated CD4+ T cells and IL-17+ T cells, including CD4+IL17+ cells coexpressing IFN-γ/GM-CSF, were recovered from spinal cord of propranolol-treated rats compared with sex-matched saline-injected controls. All the effects of propranolol were more prominent in males. The study as a whole disclosed that sexual dimorphism in multiple molecular mechanisms implicated in EAE development may be responsible for greater severity of EAE in male rats and sexually dimorphic action of substances affecting them. Propranolol moderated EAE severity more effectively in male rats, exhibiting greater spinal cord noradrenaline (NA) levels and myeloid cell β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) expression than females. Propranolol affected CX3CR1/Nrf2/HO-1 and Stat3/Socs3 signaling axes in myeloid cells, favored their anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotype and, consequently, reduced Th cell reactivation and differentiation into highly pathogenic IL-17/IFN-γ/GM-CSF-producing cells.
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Petrušić M, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Pilipović I, Kosec D, Prijić I, Leposavić G. Thymic changes as a contributing factor in the increased susceptibility of old Albino Oxford rats to EAE development. Exp Gerontol 2023; 171:112009. [PMID: 36334894 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed to examine putative contribution of thymic involution to ageing-associated increase in susceptibility of Albino Oxford (AO) rats to the development of clinical EAE, and vice versa influence of the disease on the progression of thymic involution. To this end we examined (i) the parameters of thymocyte negative selection efficacy, the thymic generation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) and thymic capacity to instruct/predetermine IL-17-producing T-cell differentiation, and thymopietic efficacy-associated accumulation of "inflammescent" cytotoxic CD28- T cells in the periphery, and (ii) the key underlying mechanisms in young and old non-immunised AO rats and their counterparts immunised for EAE (on the 16th day post-immunisation when the disease in old rats reached the plateau) using flow cytometry analysis and/or RT-qPCR. It was found that thymic involution impairs: (i) the efficacy of negative selection (by affecting thymocyte expression of CD90, negative regulator of selection threshold and the expression of thymic stromal cell integrity factors) and (ii) Treg generation (by diminishing expression of cytokines supporting their differentiation/maturation). Additionally, the results suggest that thymic involution facilitates CD8+ T-cell differentiation into IL-17-producing cells (previously linked to the development of clinical EAE in old AO rats). Furthermore, they confirmed that ageing-related decrease in thymic T-cell output (as indicated by diminished frequency of recent thymic emigrants in peripheral blood) resulted in the accumulation of CD28- T cells in peripheral blood and, upon immunisation, in the target organ. On the other hand, the development of EAE (most likely by increasing circulatory levels of proinflammatory cytokines) contributed to the decline in thymic output of T cells, including Tregs, and thereby to the progression/maintenance of clinical EAE. Thus, in AO rats thymic involution via multi-layered mechanisms may favour the development of clinically manifested autoimmunity, which, in turn, precipitates the thymus atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Petrušić
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Kosec
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Prijić
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Pilipović I, Arsenović-Ranin N, Dimitrijević M, Leposavić G. Sex-specific remodeling of T-cell compartment with aging: Implications for rat susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett 2021; 239:42-59. [PMID: 34418487 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and susceptibility of animals to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used experimental model of MS, decrease with aging. Generally, autoimmune diseases develop as the ultimate outcome of an imbalance between damaging immune responses against self and regulatory immune responses (keeping the former under control). Thus, in this review the age-related changes possibly underlying this balance were discussed. Specifically, considering the central role of T cells in MS/EAE, the impact of aging on overall functional capacity (reflecting both overall count and individual functional cell properties) of self-reactive conventional T cells (Tcons) and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), as the most potent immunoregulatory/suppressive cells, was analyzed, as well. The analysis encompasses three distinct compartments: thymus (the primary lymphoid organ responsible for the elimination of self-reactive T cells - negative selection and the generation of Tregs, compensating for imperfections of the negative selection), peripheral blood/lymphoid tissues ("afferent" compartment), and brain/spinal cord tissues ("target" compartment). Given that the incidence of MS and susceptibility of animals to EAE are greater in women/females than in age-matched men/males, sex as independent variable was also considered. In conclusion, with aging, sex-specific alterations in the balance of self-reactive Tcons/Tregs are likely to occur not only in the thymus/"afferent" compartment, but also in the "target" compartment, reflecting multifaceted changes in both T-cell types. Their in depth understanding is important not only for envisaging effects of aging, but also for designing interventions to slow-down aging without any adverse effect on incidence of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Arsenović-Ranin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, University of Belgrade - Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Djuretić J, Dimitrijević M, Stojanović M, Stevuljević JK, Hamblin MR, Micov A, Stepanović-Petrović R, Leposavić G. Infrared radiation from cage bedding moderates rat inflammatory and autoimmune responses in collagen-induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2882. [PMID: 33536461 PMCID: PMC7858598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of collagen type II (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA), a model of rheumatoid arthritis, in rats housed in cages with bedding composed of Celliant fibres containing ceramic particles, which absorb body heat and re-emit the energy back to the body in the form of infrared radiation (+IRF rats), and those housed in cages with standard wooden shaving bedding (-IRF control rats) was examined. The appearance of the first signs of CIA was postponed, while the disease was milder (judging by the arthritic score, paw volume, and burrowing behaviour) in +IRF compared with -IRF rats. This correlated with a lower magnitude of serum anti-CII IgG antibody levels in +IRF rats, and lower production level of IL-17, the Th17 signature cytokine, in cultures of their paws. This could be partly ascribed to impaired migration of antigen-loaded CD11b + dendritic cells and their positioning within lymph nodes in +IRF rats reflecting diminished lymph node expression of CCL19 /CCL21. Additionally, as confirmed in rats with carrageenan-induced paw inflammation (CIPI), the infrared radiation from Celliant fibres, independently from immunomodulatory effects, exerted anti-inflammatory effects (judging by a shift in pro-inflammatory mediator to anti-inflammatory/immunoregulatory mediator ratio towards the latter in paw cultures) and ameliorated burrowing behaviour in CIA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Djuretić
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Stojanović
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur Stevuljević
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Ana Micov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radica Stepanović-Petrović
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Hadžibegović S, Nicole O, Nacka-Aleksić M, Leštarević S, Leposavić G. CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Mechanisms Contribute to the Progression of Neurocognitive Impairment in Both Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease? Front Immunol 2020; 11:566225. [PMID: 33329528 PMCID: PMC7710704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.566225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is one of the most relevant clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). The profile of NCI and the structural and functional changes in the brain structures relevant for cognition in MS share some similarities to those in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of neurocognitive disorders. Additionally, despite clear etiopathological differences between MS and AD, an accumulation of effector/memory CD8+ T cells and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells in cognitively relevant brain structures of MS/AD patients, and higher frequency of effector/memory CD8+ T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) with high capacity to secrete cytotoxic molecules and proinflammatory cytokines in their blood, were found. Thus, an active pathogenetic role of CD8+ T cells in the progression of MS and AD may be assumed. In this mini-review, findings supporting the putative role of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of MS and AD are displayed, and putative mechanisms underlying their pathogenetic action are discussed. A special effort was made to identify the gaps in the current knowledge about the role of CD8+ T cells in the development of NCI to "catalyze" translational research leading to new feasible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Senka Hadžibegović
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, UMR5293, Bordeaux, France.,Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Nicole
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, CNRS, UMR5293, Bordeaux, France.,Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, UMR5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Leštarević
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Natural killer cells as participants in pathogenesis of rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): lessons from research on rats with distinct age and strain. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 44:337-356. [PMID: 32140045 PMCID: PMC7050050 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, influencing dendritic cell (DC)-mediated CD4+ lymphocyte priming in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and controlling spinal cord (SC) infiltration with encephalitogenic CD4+T lymphocytes, modulate EAE (multiple sclerosis model). This study examined their putative contribution to age-related differences in EAE development in Dark Agouti (DA) (exhibiting age-related decrease in EAE susceptibility) and Albino Oxford (AO) (becoming susceptible to EAE with aging) rats. Aging increased NK cell number in dLNs from rats of both strains. In AO rats, but not in DA ones, it also increased the numbers of IFN-γ-producing NK cells (important for DC activation) and activated/matured DCs, thereby increasing activated/matured DC/conventional Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio and activated CD25+Foxp3-CD4+ cell number. Aging in DA rats diminished activated/matured DC/conventional Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio and activated Foxp3-CD4+ cell number. However, MBP-stimulated CD4+ cell proliferation did not differ in dLN cell cultures from young and aged AO rats (as more favorable activated/matured DC/Foxp3-CD4+ cell ratio was abrogated by lower intrinsic CD4+ cell proliferative capacity and a greater regulatory CD25+Foxp3+CD4+ lymphocyte frequency), but was lower in those from aged compared with young DA rats. At SC level, aging shifted Foxp3-CD4+/cytotoxic CX3CR1+ NK cell ratio towards the former in AO rats, so it was less favorable in aged AO rats exhibiting prolonged neurological deficit compared with their DA counterparts. The study showed strain and age differences in number of IFN-γ-producing NK cells in EAE rat dLNs, and suggested that their pathogenetic relevance depends on frequency and/or activity of other cells involved in CD4+ T cell (auto)immune response.
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Nacka-Aleksić M, Stojanović M, Pilipović I, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Kosec D, Leposavić G. Strain differences in thymic atrophy in rats immunized for EAE correlate with the clinical outcome of immunization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201848. [PMID: 30086167 PMCID: PMC6080797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence suggests that development of autoimmune pathologies leads to thymic dysfunction and changes in peripheral T-cell compartment, which, in turn, perpetuate their pathogenesis. To test this hypothesis, thymocyte differentiation/maturation in rats susceptible (Dark Agouti, DA) and relatively resistant (Albino Oxford, AO) to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction was examined. Irrespective of strain, immunization for EAE (i) increased the circulating levels of IL-6, a cytokine causally linked with thymic atrophy, and (ii) led to thymic atrophy reflecting partly enhanced thymocyte apoptosis associated with downregulated thymic IL-7 expression. Additionally, immunization diminished the expression of Thy-1, a negative regulator of TCRαβ-mediated signaling and activation thresholds, on CD4+CD8+ TCRαβlo/hi thymocytes undergoing selection and thereby impaired thymocyte selection/survival. This diminished the generation of mature CD4+ and CD8+ single positive TCRαβhi thymocytes and, consequently, CD4+ and CD8+ recent thymic emigrants. In immunized rats, thymic differentiation of natural regulatory CD4+Foxp3+CD25+ T cells (nTregs) was particularly affected reflecting a diminished expression of IL-7, IL-2 and IL-15. The decline in the overall thymic T-cell output and nTreg generation was more pronounced in DA than AO rats. Additionally, differently from immunized AO rats, in DA ones the frequency of CD28- cells secreting cytolytic enzymes within peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes increased, as a consequence of thymic atrophy-related replicative stress (mirrored in CD4+ cell memory pool expansion and p16INK4a accumulation). The higher circulating level of TNF-α in DA compared with AO rats could also contribute to this difference. Consistently, higher frequency of cytolytic CD4+ granzyme B+ cells (associated with greater tissue damage) was found in spinal cord of immunized DA rats compared with their AO counterparts. In conclusion, the study indicated that strain differences in immunization-induced changes in thymopoiesis and peripheral CD4+CD28- T-cell generation could contribute to rat strain-specific clinical outcomes of immunization for EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Nacka-Aleksić
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre “Branislav Janković”, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Kosec
- Immunology Research Centre “Branislav Janković”, Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Physiology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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