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Sadeghzadeh J, Hosseini L, Mobed A, Zangbar HS, Jafarzadeh J, Pasban J, Shahabi P. The Impact of Cerebral Ischemia on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Neuronal Damage in the Hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3915-3928. [PMID: 37740074 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, leading to reduced blood supply to specific brain areas, remain significant contributors to neurological damage, disability, and mortality. Among the vulnerable regions, the subcortical areas, including the hippocampus, are particularly susceptible to ischemia-induced injuries, with the extent of damage influenced by the different stages of ischemia. Neural tissue undergoes various changes and damage due to intricate biochemical reactions involving free radicals, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and glutamate toxicity. The consequences of these processes can result in irreversible harm. Notably, free radicals play a pivotal role in the neuropathological mechanisms following ischemia, contributing to oxidative stress. Therefore, the function of antioxidant enzymes after ischemia becomes crucial in preventing hippocampal damage caused by oxidative stress. This study explores hippocampal neuronal damage and enzymatic antioxidant activity during ischemia and reperfusion's early and late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jaber Jafarzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jamshid Pasban
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Okamura M, Inoue T, Takamatsu Y, Maejima H. Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases ameliorates cognitive impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage with epigenetic alteration in the hippocampus. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107275. [PMID: 37523880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) interferes with neurorehabilitation in patients with stroke. Epigenetic regulation of the hippocampus has been targeted to ameliorate cognitive function. In particular, the acetylation level of histones is modulated by exercise, a potent therapy for patients with stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of exercise and pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) using sodium butyrate (NaB) on cognitive function and epigenetic factors in the hippocampus after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) to seek beneficial neuronal conditioning against PSCI. Forty rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham, control, NaB, exercise, and NaB plus exercise groups (n=8 in each group). Except for those in the sham group, all rats underwent stereotaxic ICH surgery with a microinjection of collagenase solution. Intraperitoneal administration of NaB (300 mg/kg) and treadmill exercise (11 m/min for 30 min) were conducted for approximately 4 weeks starting 3 days post-surgery. RESULTS ICH reduced cognitive function, as detected by the object location test, accompanied by enhanced activity of HDACs. Although exercise did not modulate HDAC activity or cognitive function, repetitive NaB administration increased HDAC activity and ameliorated cognitive impairment induced by ICH. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that pharmacological treatment with an HDAC inhibitor could potentially present an enriched epigenetic platform in the hippocampus and ameliorate PSCI for neurorehabilitation following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misato Okamura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Takamatsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maejima
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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Liu H, Wei T, Huang Q, Liu W, Yang Y, Jin Y, Wu D, Yuan K, Zhang P. The roles, mechanism, and mobilization strategy of endogenous neural stem cells in brain injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:924262. [PMID: 36062152 PMCID: PMC9428262 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.924262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury poses a heavy disease burden in the world, resulting in chronic deficits. Therapies for brain injuries have been focused on pharmacologic, small molecule, endocrine and cell-based therapies. Endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) are a group of stem cells which can be activated in vivo by damage, neurotrophic factors, physical factor stimulation, and physical exercise. The activated eNSCs can proliferate, migrate and differentiate into neuron, oligodendrocyte and astrocyte, and play an important role in brain injury repair and neural plasticity. The roles of eNSCs in the repair of brain injury include but are not limited to ameliorating cognitive function, improving learning and memory function, and promoting functional gait behaviors. The activation and mobilization of eNSCs is important to the repair of injured brain. In this review we describe the current knowledge of the common character of brain injury, the roles and mechanism of eNSCs in brain injury. And then we discuss the current mobilization strategy of eNSCs following brain injury. We hope that a comprehensive awareness of the roles and mobilization strategy of eNSCs in the repair of cerebral ischemia may help to find some new therapeutic targets and strategy for treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Library, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- School of Continuing Education, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Teaching Affairs and Administration, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaopeng Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yaju Jin
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Danli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Yuan,
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Pengyue Zhang,
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Kim HI, Lee JC, Kim DW, Shin MC, Cho JH, Ahn JH, Lim SS, Kang IJ, Park JH, Won MH, Lee TK. Hypothermia Induced by Oxcarbazepine after Transient Forebrain Ischemia Exerts Therapeutic Neuroprotection through Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 and 4 in Gerbils. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010237. [PMID: 35008663 PMCID: PMC8745517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of post-ischemic treatment with oxcarbazepine (OXC; an anticonvulsant compound) against ischemic injury induced by transient forebrain ischemia and its mechanisms in gerbils. Transient ischemia was induced in the forebrain by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 5 min under normothermic conditions (37 ± 0.2 °C). The ischemic gerbils were treated with vehicle, hypothermia (whole-body cooling; 33.0 ± 0.2 °C), or 200 mg/kg OXC. Post-ischemic treatments with vehicle and hypothermia failed to attenuate and improve, respectively, ischemia-induced hyperactivity and cognitive impairment (decline in spatial and short-term memory). However, post-ischemic treatment with OXC significantly attenuated the hyperactivity and the cognitive impairment, showing that OXC treatment significantly reduced body temperature (to about 33 °C). When the hippocampus was histopathologically examined, pyramidal cells (principal neurons) were dead (lost) in the subfield Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) of the gerbils treated with vehicle and hypothermia on Day 4 after ischemia, but these cells were saved in the gerbils treated with OXC. In the gerbils treated with OXC after ischemia, the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1; one of the transient receptor potential cation channels) was significantly increased in the CA1 region compared with that in the gerbils treated with vehicle and hypothermia. In brief, our results showed that OXC-induced hypothermia after transient forebrain ischemia effectively protected against ischemia–reperfusion injury through an increase in TRPV1 expression in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region, indicating that TRPV1 is involved in OXC-induced hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Il Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Chungnam, Korea;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Gangwon, Korea; (M.C.S.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Gangwon, Korea;
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Gangwon, Korea; (M.C.S.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Gangwon, Korea; (M.C.S.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (J.H.A.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan 50510, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Soon-Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Korea; (S.-S.L.); (I.J.K.)
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Korea; (S.-S.L.); (I.J.K.)
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Gyeongbuk, Korea;
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Korea; (J.-C.L.); (J.H.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (T.-K.L.); Tel.: +82-33-250-8891 (M.-H.W.); +82-33-248-2135 (T.-K.L.); Fax: +82-33-256-1614 (M.-H.W.); +82-33-255-4787 (T.-K.L.)
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Gangwon, Korea; (S.-S.L.); (I.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (T.-K.L.); Tel.: +82-33-250-8891 (M.-H.W.); +82-33-248-2135 (T.-K.L.); Fax: +82-33-256-1614 (M.-H.W.); +82-33-255-4787 (T.-K.L.)
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Therapeutic Effects of Decursin and Angelica gigas Nakai Root Extract in Gerbil Brain after Transient Ischemia via Protecting BBB Leakage and Astrocyte Endfeet Damage. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082161. [PMID: 33918660 PMCID: PMC8069195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica gigas Nakai root contains decursin which exerts beneficial properties such as anti-amnesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Until now, however, the neuroprotective effects of decursin against transient ischemic injury in the forebrain have been insufficiently investigated. Here, we revealed that post-treatment with decursin and the root extract saved pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus following transient ischemia for 5 min in gerbil forebrain. Through high-performance liquid chromatography, we defined that decursin was contained in the extract as 7.3 ± 0.2%. Based on this, we post-treated with 350 mg/kg of extract, which is the corresponding dosage of 25 mg/kg of decursin that exerted neuroprotection in gerbil hippocampus against the ischemia. In addition, behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate ischemia-induced dysfunctions via tests of spatial memory (by the 8-arm radial maze test) and learning memory (by the passive avoidance test), and post-treatment with the extract and decursin attenuated ischemia-induced memory impairments. Furthermore, we carried out histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and double immunohistofluorescence. Pyramidal neurons located in the subfield cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) among the hippocampal subfields were dead at 5 days after the ischemia; however, treatment with the extract and decursin saved the pyramidal neurons after ischemia. Immunoglobulin G (IgG, an indicator of extravasation), which is not found in the parenchyma in normal brain tissue, was apparently shown in CA1 parenchyma from 2 days after the ischemia, but IgG leakage was dramatically attenuated in the CA1 parenchyma treated with the extract and decursin. Furthermore, astrocyte endfeet, which are a component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), were severely damaged at 5 days after the ischemia; however, post-treatment with the extract and decursin dramatically attenuated the damage of the endfeet. In brief, therapeutic treatment of the extract of Angelica gigas Nakai root and decursin after 5 min transient forebrain ischemia protected hippocampal neurons from the ischemia, showing that ischemia-induced BBB leakage and damage of astrocyte endfeet was significantly attenuated by the extract and decursin. Based on these findings, we suggest that Angelica gigas Nakai root containing decursin can be employed as a pharmaceutical composition to develop a therapeutic strategy for brain ischemic injury.
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Yoo YH, Kim DW, Chen BH, Sim H, Kim B, Lee JC, Ahn JH, Park Y, Cho JH, Kang IJ, Won MH, Lee TK. Comparison of age-dependent alterations in thioredoxin 2 and thioredoxin reductase 2 expressions in hippocampi between mice and rats. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:11. [PMID: 33676586 PMCID: PMC7937215 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-021-00088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is one of major causes triggering neurophysiological changes in many brain substructures, including the hippocampus, which has a major role in learning and memory. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a class of small redox proteins. Among the Trx family, Trx2 plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential and is controlled by TrxR2. Hitherto, age-dependent alterations in Trx2 and TrxR2 in aged hippocampi have been poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine changes in Trx2 and TrxR2 in mouse and rat hippocampi by age and to compare their differences between mice and rats. Results Trx2 and TrxR2 levels using Western blots in mice were the highest at young age and gradually reduced with time, showing that no significant differences in the levels were found between the two subfields. In rats, however, their expression levels were the lowest at young age and gradually increased with time. Nevertheless, there were no differences in cellular distribution and morphology in their hippocampi when it was observed by cresyl violet staining. In addition, both Trx2 and TrxR2 immunoreactivities in the CA1-3 fields were mainly shown in pyramidal cells (principal cells), showing that their immunoreactivities were altered like changes in their protein levels. Conclusions Our current findings suggest that Trx2 and TrxR2 expressions in the brain may be different according to brain regions, age and species. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the reasons of the differences of Trx2 and TrxR2 expressions in the hippocampus between mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ho Yoo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, 24289, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, 25457, Gangneung, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hyejin Sim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, 50510, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, 24289, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, 24289, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 24252, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, 24252, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
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Pan G, Cheng J, Shen W, Lin Y, Zhu A, Jin L, Xie Q, Zhu M, Liu C, Tu F, Chen X. Intensive treadmill training promotes cognitive recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in juvenile rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 401:113085. [PMID: 33358915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation training is routine for children who experience stroke, but its protective mechanism remains unclear. To study the effect of treadmill training intensity on hippocampal synaptic plasticity after cerebral ischemia, a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion was established in young rats to simulate childhood ischemic stroke. The rats were randomly allocated into five groups: sham operation, MCAO, low-intensity exercise and MCAO (5 m/min), medium-intensity exercise and MCAO (10 m/min), and high-intensity exercise and MCAO (15 m/min). Intervention was continued for 14 days, and a series of experimental tests were conducted. After MCAO, the juvenile rats exhibited a series of morphological and functional alterations, including changes in their neurobehavior and cerebral infarct volumes. Compared with control rats, MCAO rats had a longer escape latency and crossed fewer platforms in the water maze test and exhibited decreased hippocampal neuron density and Synapsin I and PSD95 expression. Furthermore, MCAO rats exhibited synapse morphology changes and abnormal serum levels of lactic acid and corticosterone. Treadmill training effectively reduced the neurobehavioral scores and cerebral infarction volumes, with medium-intensity training showing the best effect. Treadmill training shortened the escape latency, increased the number of platform crossings, and improved the spatial cognitive abilities of the rats, with the medium intensity training having the best effect on spatial learning/memory efficiency. Treadmill training increased the neuron density in the hippocampus, with the medium-intensity training resulting in the highest density. Treadmill training had a positive effect on the expression of Synapsin I and PSD95, with the medium-intensity training showing the strongest effect. Treadmill training improved the sub-microstructure synapse morphology, with the medium-intensity training demonstrating the best effect. Treadmill training increased the plasma levels of lactic acid and corticosterone, with the high-intensity training having the most obvious effect. Treadmill training can provide neuroprotection by promoting hippocampal synaptic plasticity, with medium-intensity training showing the most optimal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyan Cheng
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.300, Shouchun Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weimin Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingqin Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjin Zhu
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, No. 234, Gucui Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengxia Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109, Xueyuanxi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Pycnogenol ® Supplementation Attenuates Memory Deficits and Protects Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons via Antioxidative Role in a Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082477. [PMID: 32824513 PMCID: PMC7468866 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pycnogenol® (an extract of the bark of French maritime pine tree) is used for dietary supplement and known to have excellent antioxidative efficacy. However, there are few reports on neuroprotective effect of Pycnogenol® supplementation and its mechanisms against ischemic injury following transient forebrain ischemia (TFI) in gerbils. Now, we examined neuroprotective effect and its mechanisms of Pycnogenol® in the gerbils with 5-min TFI, which evokes a significant death (loss) of pyramidal cells located in the cornu ammonis (CA1) region of gerbil hippocampus from 4-5 days post-TFI. Gerbils were pretreated with 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg of Pycnogenol® once a day for 7 days before TFI surgery. Treatment with 50 mg/kg, not 30 or 40 mg/kg, of Pycnogenol® potently protected learning and memory, as well as CA1 pyramidal cells, from ischemic injury. Treatment with 50 mg/kg Pycnogenol® significantly enhanced immunoreactivity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutases and catalase) in the pyramidal cells before and after TFI induction. Furthermore, the treatment significantly reduced the generation of superoxide anion, ribonucleic acid oxidation and lipid peroxidation in the pyramidal cells. Moreover, interestingly, its neuroprotective effect was abolished by administration of sodium azide (a potent inhibitor of SODs and catalase activities). Taken together, current results clearly indicate that Pycnogenol® supplementation can prevent neurons from ischemic stroke through its potent antioxidative role.
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Seydyousefi M, Fallahmohammadi Z, Moazzami M, Yaghoubi A, Faghfoori Z. Positive Effects of Post-ischemic Forced Treadmill Training on Sensorimotor and Learning Outcomes Following Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.13.2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Chen BH, Park JH, Lee YL, Kang IJ, Kim DW, Hwang IK, Lee CH, Yan BC, Kim YM, Lee TK, Lee JC, Won MH, Ahn JH. Melatonin improves vascular cognitive impairment induced by ischemic stroke by remyelination via activation of ERK1/2 signaling and restoration of glutamatergic synapses in the gerbil hippocampus. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:687-697. [PMID: 30245469 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia affects cognition by damaging axons and myelin. Melatonin is pharmacologically associated with various neurological disorders. In this study, effects of melatonin on cognitive impairment and related mechanisms were investigated in an animal model of ischemic vascular dementia (IVD). Melatonin was intraperitoneally administered to adult gerbils after transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) for 25 days beginning 5 days after tGCI. Cognitive impairment was examined using a passive avoidance test and the Barnes maze test. To investigate mechanisms of restorative effects by melatonin, neuronal damage/death, myelin basic protein (MBP, a marker for myelin), Rip (a marker for oligodendrocyte), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)-1 (a glutamatergic synaptic marker) in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 area (CA1) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Melatonin treatment significantly improved tGCI-induced cognitive impairment. Death of CA1 pyramidal neurons after tGCI was not affected by melatonin treatment. However, melatonin treatment significantly increased MBP immunoreactivity and numbers of Rip-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes in the ischemic CA1. In addition, melatonin treatment significantly increased ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 immunoreactivities in oligodendrocytes in the ischemic CA1. Furthermore, melatonin treatment significantly increased VGLUT-1 immunoreactive structures in the ischemic CA1. These results indicate that long-term melatonin treatment after tGCI improves cognitive deficit via restoration of myelin, increase of oligodendrocytes which is closely related to the activation of ERK1/2 signaling, and increase of glutamatergic synapses in the ischemic brain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Lyul Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, and Institute of Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration, Hallym University, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Bing Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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