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Jadzic J, Djonic D. Hepatocellular carcinoma and musculoskeletal system: A narrative literature review. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2109-2117. [PMID: 38681992 PMCID: PMC11045483 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i15.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less common than liver-related complications. However, they can significantly impact the quality of life and overall prognosis of patients with HCC. The main obstacle in the clinical assessment of HCC-induced musculoskeletal alterations is related to effective and timely diagnosis because these complications are often asymptomatic and unapparent during routine clinical evaluations. This narrative literature review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the contemporary literature related to the changes in the musculoskeletal system in patients with HCC, focusing on its clinical implications and underlying etiopathogenetic mechanisms. Osteolytic bone metastases are the most common skeletal alterations associated with HCC, which could be associated with an increased risk of low-trauma bone fracture. Moreover, previous studies reported that osteopenia, sarcopenia, and myosteatosis are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with HCC. Even though low bone mineral density and sarcopenia are consistently reported as reliable predictors of pretransplantation and post-transplantation mortality in HCC patients, these complications are frequently overlooked in the clinical management of patients with HCC. Taken together, contemporary literature suggests that a multidisciplinary approach is essential for early recognition and clinical management of HCC-associated musculoskeletal alterations to improve patient prognosis. Further research into the mechanisms and treatment options for musculoskeletal complications is warranted to enhance our understanding and clinical management of this aspect of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jadzic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djonic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Jadzic J, Andjelic U, Milovanovic P, Zivkovic V, Nikolic S, Djonic D, Djuric M. Improved femoral micro-architecture in adult male individuals with overweight: fracture resistance due to regional specificities. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:202-208. [PMID: 37770573 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still unclear whether femoral fracture risk is positively or negatively altered in individuals with overweight. Considering the lack of studies including men with overweight, this study aimed to analyze regional specificities in mechano-structural femoral properties (femoral neck and intertrochanteric region) in adult male cadavers with overweight compared to their normal-weight age-matched counterparts. METHODS Ex-vivo osteodensitometry, micro-computed tomography, and Vickers micro-indentation testing were performed on femoral samples taken from 30 adult male cadavers, divided into the group with overweight (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2; n = 14; age:55 ± 16 years) and control group (BMI between 18.5 and 25 kg/m2; n = 16; age:51 ± 18 years). RESULTS Better quality of trabecular and cortical microstructure in the inferomedial (higher trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness, coupled with reduced cortical pore diameter, p < 0.05) and superolateral femoral neck (higher trabecular number and tendency to lower cortical porosity, p = 0.043, p = 0.053, respectively) was noted in men with overweight compared to controls. Additionally, the intertrochanteric region of men with overweight had more numerous and denser trabeculae, coupled with a thicker and less porous cortex (p < 0.05). Still, substantial overweight-induced change in femoral osteodensitometry parameters and Vickers micro-hardness was not demonstrated in assessed femoral subregions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Despite the absence of significant changes in femoral osteodensitometry, individuals with overweight had better trabecular and cortical femoral micro-architecture implying higher femoral fracture resistance. However, the microhardness was not significantly favorable in the individuals who were overweight, indicating the necessity for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jadzic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uros Andjelic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Nikolic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djonic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Jadzic J, Mijucic J, Bracanovic D, Nikolic S, Bracanovic M, Djuric M, Djonic D. Age-at-death estimation based on micro-CT assessment of pubic symphysis: Potentially new methodological approach. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 352:111851. [PMID: 37801865 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although various methods for age-at-death estimation of skeletal remains are available, this is still an unsolved issue in forensic anthropology, especially concerning elderly individuals. Moreover, the lack of population-specific methods often made age-at-death estimation unreliable in other populations. AIM Our study aimed to examine whether micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of pubic bone samples obtained from the contemporary Serbian population could be used in anthropological and forensic practice for age-at-death estimation. METHODOLOGY This study encompassed 62 pubic samples obtained from 26 adult male and 36 adult female cadaveric donors (age range: 22-91 years). Initially, staging according to the Suchey-Brooks phases was performed by two experienced investigators, followed by micro-CT assessment of pubic bone trabecular and cortical compartments (spatial resolution of the scans was 10 µm). RESULTS Our results revealed an age-associated decline in trabecular and cortical micro-architecture of elderly male and female individuals, with the most prominent changes present in trabecular bone volume fraction and total porosity of the anterior and posterior cortical surface of the pubic bone. Those parameters were used to generate age-at-death estimation equations. One sample t-test did not reveal a significant difference between estimated age-at-death and real (known) age-at-death in the overall sample (mean absolute error [MAE] of 4.76 years), female (MAE of 9.66 years) and male cadaveric donors (MAE of 6.10 years, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our data indicated that micro-architectural features of trabecular and cortical compartments of pubic bone could potentially be applied as an additional reliable method for age-at-death estimation in the Serbian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jadzic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Mijucic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djurdja Bracanovic
- Department of Radiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Nikolic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Bracanovic
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Djonic
- Center of Bone Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Shen Y, Wang N, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Wu Q, He Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhang Q, Qin L, Zhang Q. Jin-Tian-Ge ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats and modulates osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Chin Med 2022; 17:78. [PMID: 36195960 PMCID: PMC9533506 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiger bone, which had been one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicine for 2000 years, was originate from the skeleton of Panthera tigris L., and had the actions of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immune-regulatory and promoting healing of bone fracture, and was used for the treatment of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Jin-Tian-Ge (JTG), the artificial tiger bone powder, were prepared from skeletons of several farmed animals to substitute the natural tiger bone, and has been used for the treatment of osteoporosis in clinical practice. However, the characteristic and mechanism of action of JTG for the therapy of osteoporosis need to be further evidenced by using modern pharmacological methods. The aim of this work is to investigate the bone-protective effects of JTG, and explore the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Ovariectomy (OVX) rats were orally administrated JTG or estradiol valerate (EV) for 12 weeks. We investigated the pharmacodynamic effects of JTG on anti-bone loss in OVX rats, and also investigated the role of JTG in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. RESULTS JTG increased the bone mineral density (BMD), improved the bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in ovariectomized rast, whereas reversed the bone high turnover in OVX rats as evidenced by serum biochemical markers in OVX rats. JTG increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro, and up-regulated the expression of the key proteins of BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. JTG also inhibited the osteoclastogenesis of BMM as evidenced by the alteration of the TRAP activity, F-actin construction and the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, Cathepsin K (Ctsk) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) of OCs induced with RANKL and LPS, reduced the expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB in OCs. CONCLUSIONS JTG prevented bone loss in OVX rats and increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through regulation of the BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, inhibited osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, suggesting that JTG had the potentials for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by modulating formation and differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Ginwa Enterprise (Group) INC, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qudi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine & Health Industry Group CO., LTD, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanlong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Jadzic J, Milovanovic PD, Cvetkovic D, Zivkovic V, Nikolic S, Tomanovic N, Djuric MP, Djonic D. The altered osteocytic expression of connexin 43 and sclerostin in human cadaveric donors with alcoholic liver cirrhosis: Potential treatment targets. J Anat 2022; 240:1162-1173. [PMID: 34978341 PMCID: PMC9119608 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that osteocyte lacunar network disruption could play a role in the complex pathophysiology of bone changes in aging and disease. Considering that particular research interest is lacking, we aimed to assess alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC)-induced changes in osteocyte lacunar network and bone marrow adiposity. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess changes in the micro-morphology of osteocyte lacunar network and bone marrow adiposity, and expression of connexin 43 and sclerostin in vertebral and femoral samples collected from 40 cadaveric men (age range between 44 and 70 years) divided into ALC group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). Furthermore, the assessment of the potential association between bone changes and the severity of the hepatic disorder (given by Knodell's pathohistologic scoring) was conducted. Our data revealed fewer connexin 43-positive osteocytes per vertebral and femoral bone area (p < 0.01), suggesting defective signal transduction among osteocytes in ALC individuals. Moreover, we found an ALC-induced increase in the number of adipocytes in the vertebral bone marrow (p = 0.038). Considering significant associations between the severity of liver tissue disturbances and impaired functionality of osteocyte lacunar network (Pearson's correlation analyses, p < 0.05), we may assume that timely treatment of the liver disease may delay bone impairment. ALC induced an increase in osteocytic sclerostin expression (p < 0.001), suggesting its role in mediating low bone formation among ALC individuals. Hence, medicaments targeting low bone formation may be beneficial to attenuate the bone changes among ALC patients. However, future clinical studies are required to verify the therapeutic utility of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jadzic
- Laboratory of Bone Biology and BioanthropologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of AnatomyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Petar D. Milovanovic
- Laboratory of Bone Biology and BioanthropologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of AnatomyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Danica Cvetkovic
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Forensic MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Forensic MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Slobodan Nikolic
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Forensic MedicineUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Nada Tomanovic
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute of PathologyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Marija P. Djuric
- Laboratory of Bone Biology and BioanthropologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of AnatomyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
| | - Danijela Djonic
- Laboratory of Bone Biology and BioanthropologyFaculty of MedicineInstitute of AnatomyUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
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