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Chang JJ, Chen YC, Yeh SL, Tang PF, Tu CK. Impacts of audiovisual simultaneity perception on single-task and dual-task gaits in middle-aged and older adults. Gait Posture 2024; 113:99-105. [PMID: 38850854 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dual-task walking requires the ability to integrate sensory information from multiple ongoing sources, it remains unknown whether dual-task walking is more affected than single-task walking by the multisensory integration ability. RESEARCH QUESTION How does the audiovisual temporal integration ability affect single-task and dual-task gaits in the aging population? METHODS One hundred and thirty healthy middle-aged and older adults (age = 64.7 ± 6.4 years) completed an audiovisual simultaneity judgment (AVSJ) task and underwent single-task, motor dual-task, and cognitive dual-task gait assessments. In the AVSJ task, participants judged whether a flash and an auditory stimulus presented at different stimulus onset asynchronies were simultaneous. The accuracy and precision of the AVSJ performance were assessed using the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) and the temporal binding window (δ), respectively. A lower absolute PSS and δ indicated better performance. Participants held a cup of water and performed serial-7 subtraction for motor and cognitive dual-task gait assessments, respectively. The spatiotemporal gait parameters and their variability were calculated. The influences of PSS and δ on the gait parameters of the three gaits were examined with multiple hierarchical regressions. RESULTS Only the cognitive dual-task gait was significantly affected by PSS and δ. Greater PSS predicted a longer single support time (β = 0.195, p = 0.024) and its variability (β = 0.224, p = 0.011). Greater δ predicted greater step time variability (β = 0.198, p = 0.022). SIGNIFICANCE Declined perception of audiovisual simultaneity particularly degrades temporal control of cognitive dual-task walking, highlighting the importance of assessing and training this ability after midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jer-Jen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ling Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Tang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Kuang Tu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Rehabilitation Department, Sin-Wu Branch, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
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O'Dowd A, O'Connor DMA, Hirst RJ, Setti A, Kenny RA, Newell FN. Nutrition is associated with differences in multisensory integration in healthy older adults. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38386286 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2316446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Diet can influence cognitive functioning in older adults and is a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. However, it is unknown if an association exists between diet and lower-level processes in the brain underpinning cognition, such as multisensory integration. We investigated whether temporal multisensory integration is associated with daily intake of fruit and vegetables (FV) or products high in fat/sugar/salt (FSS) in a large sample (N = 2,693) of older adults (mean age = 64.06 years, SD = 7.60; 56% female) from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Older adults completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire from which the total number of daily servings of FV and FSS items respectively was calculated. Older adults' susceptibility to the Sound Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI) measured the temporal precision of audio-visual integration, which included three audio-visual Stimulus Onset Asynchronies (SOAs): 70, 150 and 230 ms. Older adults who self-reported a higher daily consumption of FV were less susceptible to the SIFI at the longest versus shortest SOAs (i.e. increased temporal precision) compared to those reporting the lowest daily consumption (p = .013). In contrast, older adults reporting a higher daily consumption of FSS items were more susceptible to the SIFI at the longer versus shortest SOAs (i.e. reduced temporal precision) compared to those reporting the lowest daily consumption (p < .001). The temporal precision of multisensory integration is differentially associated with levels of daily consumption of FV versus products high in FSS, consistent with broader evidence that habitual diet is associated with brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan O'Dowd
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre M A O'Connor
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca J Hirst
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annalisa Setti
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona N Newell
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Liu F, Yu H, Xu Q, Gong J, Huo M, Huang F. Risk Assessment of Falls Among Older Adults Based on Probe Reaction Time During Water-Carrying Walking. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:21-29. [PMID: 38204962 PMCID: PMC10777860 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s438904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Falls are a significant factor affecting the health of older adults and are closely related to cognitive function. Adopting an effective method to evaluate the risk of falls in older adults is essential for improving their healthcare. This study combined cognitive and motor functions to determine a reliable probe reaction time during water-carrying walking. Patients and Methods We divided 100 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65 years and over) into two groups according to their fall history: the fall group and no-fall group. All subjects were tested on fall tasks using the timed up-and-go (TUG) test, 10-m walk timing test, trail marking test part-A (TMT-A), and water-carrying walking probe reaction time (P-RT). Results The fall group showed slower walking speeds and longer TUG, TMT-A, and P-RT times than the no-fall group. In the logistic regression analysis with falls as the dependent variable, water-carrying walking P-RT was identified as a useful factor, and the cut-off value of the water-carrying walking P-RT was 454 ms, which was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion The P-RT of the water-carrying walking test was found to be credible and useful for evaluating the fall risk in older adults. Therefore, it is recommended that the P-RT-based dual-task be used as a predictive indicator of future falls in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Yaitai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Gong
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Huo
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Chaoyang Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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O'Dowd A, Hirst RJ, Setti A, Kenny RA, Newell FN. Individual differences in seated resting heart rate are associated with multisensory perceptual function in older adults. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14430. [PMID: 37675755 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that cardiovascular function can influence sensory processing and cognition, which are known to change with age. However, whether the precision of unisensory and multisensory temporal perception is influenced by cardiovascular activity in older adults is uncertain. We examined whether seated resting heart rate (RHR) was associated with unimodal visual and auditory temporal discrimination as well as susceptibility to the audio-visual Sound Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI) in a large sample of older adults (N = 3232; mean age = 64.17 years, SD = 7.74, range = 50-93; 56% female) drawn from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Faster seated RHR was associated with better discretization of two flashes (but not two beeps) and increased SIFI susceptibility when the audio-visual stimuli were presented close together in time but not at longer audio-visual temporal offsets. Our findings suggest a significant relationship between cardiovascular activity and the precision of visual and audio-visual temporal perception in older adults, thereby providing novel evidence for a link between cardiovascular function and perceptual function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan O'Dowd
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca J Hirst
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annalisa Setti
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona N Newell
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Azizi Z, Hirst RJ, Newell FN, Kenny RA, Setti A. Audio-visual integration is more precise in older adults with a high level of long-term physical activity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292373. [PMID: 37792786 PMCID: PMC10550131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that physical activity leads to numerous health, cognitive, and psychological benefits. However, to date, very few studies have investigated the impact of physical activity on multisensory perception, that is, the brain's capacity to integrate information across sensory modalities. Furthermore, it is unknown what level of long-term physical activity is associated with multisensory integration in adults. We explored the relationship between multisensory integration and a ten-year physical activity trajectory in 2,974 adults aged 50+ from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing by measuring susceptibility to the Sound Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI) at multiple audio-visual temporal asynchronies. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF) at 2 years intervals over ten years. We used latent class trajectory modelling to identify latent growth classes of individuals following a similar trajectory of physical activity over time. We analysed the association of this trajectory with performance accuracy to the illusion trials of the SIFI task with generalized logistic mixed effects regression models, adjusted for several covariates. Results showed that more precise integration (i.e., lower SIFI susceptibility with larger temporal asynchronies) was associated with a higher level of sustained physical activity across ten years. Although the use of self-reported physical activity and a short version of the SIFI task limit our conclusions to some extent, nonetheless, the results suggest that sustained physical activity is associated with more precise multisensory integration, which in turn is linked to better balance and a lower risk of falling in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azizi
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rebecca J Hirst
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona N Newell
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annalisa Setti
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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O'Dowd A, Hirst RJ, Setti A, Kenny RA, Newell FN. Older adults with slow sit to stand times show reduced temporal precision of audio-visual integration. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1633-1642. [PMID: 37170028 PMCID: PMC10224838 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustained integration of sensory inputs over increased temporal delays is associated with reduced cognitive and physical functioning in older adults and adverse outcomes such as falls. Here, we explored the relationship between multisensory integration and a clinically relevant measure of balance/postural control; Sit-to-Stand Time, the efficiency with which an older adult can transition between a seated and a standing posture. We investigated whether temporal multisensory integration was associated with performance on the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST) in a large sample of 2556 older adults (mean age = 63.62 years, SD = 7.50; 55% female) drawn from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). K-means clustering was applied to FTSST data, yielding three clusters characterised by fast (mean = 10.88 s; n = 1122), medium (mean = 14.34 s; n = 1133) and slow (mean = 18.97 s; n = 301) sit-to-stand times. At wave 3 of TILDA, older adults participated in the Sound Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI), a measure of the precision of temporal audio-visual integration, which included three audio-visual stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs): 70, 150 and 230 ms. Older adults with the slowest sit-to-stand times were more susceptible to the SIFI at the longest SOA (230 ms) compared to the shortest SOA (70 ms) relative to those with the fastest times (p = 0.02). Older adults who take longer to repeatedly transition from a seated to a standing posture exhibit an expanded temporal binding window for audio-visual events, supporting a link between multisensory perception and balance/postural control in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O'Dowd
- School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - R J Hirst
- School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Setti
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R A Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F N Newell
- School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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O' Dowd A, Hirst R, Setti A, Kenny R, Newell F. Longitudinal grip strength is associated with susceptibility to the Sound Induced Flash Illusion in older adults. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100076. [PMID: 37287584 PMCID: PMC10241972 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The precision of temporal multisensory integration is associated with specific aspects of physical functioning in ageing, including gait speed and incidents of falling. However, it is unknown if such an association exists between multisensory integration and grip strength, an important index of frailty and brain health and predictor of disease and mortality in older adults. Here, we investigated whether temporal multisensory integration is associated with longitudinal (eight-year) grip strength trajectories in a large sample of 2,061 older adults (mean age = 64.42 years, SD = 7.20; 52% female) drawn from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Grip strength (kg) for the dominant hand was assessed with a hand-held dynamometer across four testing waves. Longitudinal k-means clustering was applied to these data separately for sex (male, female) and age group (50-64, 65-74, 75+ years). At wave 3, older adults participated in the Sound Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI), a measure of the precision of temporal audio-visual integration, which included three audio-visual stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs): 70, 150 and 230 ms. Results showed that older adults with a relatively lower (i.e., weaker) grip strength were more susceptible to the SIFI at the longer SOAs compared to those with a relatively higher (i.e., stronger) grip strength (p <.001). These novel findings suggest that older adults with relatively weaker grip strength exhibit an expanded temporal binding window for audio-visual events, possibly reflecting a reduction in the integrity of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. O' Dowd
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - R.J. Hirst
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - A. Setti
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - R.A. Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St James. Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F.N. Newell
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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O'Dowd A, Hirst RJ, Setti A, Donoghue OA, Kenny RA, Newell FN. The temporal precision of audiovisual integration is associated with longitudinal fall incidents but not sensorimotor fall risk in older adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7167. [PMID: 37137879 PMCID: PMC10156851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained multisensory integration over long inter-stimulus time delays is typically found in older adults, particularly those with a history of falls. However, the extent to which the temporal precision of audio-visual integration is associated with longitudinal fall or fall risk trajectories is unknown. A large sample of older adults (N = 2319) were grouped into longitudinal trajectories of self-reported fall incidents (i.e., decrease, stable, or increase in number) and, separately, their performance on a standard, objective measure of fall risk, Timed Up and Go (TUG; stable, moderate decline, severe decline). Multisensory integration was measured once as susceptibility to the Sound-Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI) across three stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs): 70 ms, 150 ms and 230 ms. Older adults with an increasing fall number showed a significantly different pattern of performance on the SIFI than non-fallers, depending on age: For adults with increasing incidents of falls, those aged 53-59 years showed a much smaller difference in illusion susceptibility at 70 ms versus 150 ms than those aged 70 + years. In contrast, non-fallers showed a more comparable difference between these SOA conditions across age groups. There was no association between TUG performance trajectories and SIFI susceptibility. These findings suggests that a fall event is associated with distinct temporal patterns of multisensory integration in ageing and have implications for our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning brain health in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan O'Dowd
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland.
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Rebecca J Hirst
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annalisa Setti
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Orna A Donoghue
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona N Newell
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
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