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Tomuleasa C, Tigu AB, Munteanu R, Moldovan CS, Kegyes D, Onaciu A, Gulei D, Ghiaur G, Einsele H, Croce CM. Therapeutic advances of targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:201. [PMID: 39138146 PMCID: PMC11323831 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a category of transmembrane receptors, have gained significant clinical attention in oncology due to their central role in cancer pathogenesis. Genetic alterations, including mutations, amplifications, and overexpression of certain RTKs, are critical in creating environments conducive to tumor development. Following their discovery, extensive research has revealed how RTK dysregulation contributes to oncogenesis, with many cancer subtypes showing dependency on aberrant RTK signaling for their proliferation, survival and progression. These findings paved the way for targeted therapies that aim to inhibit crucial biological pathways in cancer. As a result, RTKs have emerged as primary targets in anticancer therapeutic development. Over the past two decades, this has led to the synthesis and clinical validation of numerous small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), now effectively utilized in treating various cancer types. In this manuscript we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the RTKs in the context of cancer. We explored the various alterations and overexpression of specific receptors across different malignancies, with special attention dedicated to the examination of current RTK inhibitors, highlighting their role as potential targeted therapies. By integrating the latest research findings and clinical evidence, we seek to elucidate the pivotal role of RTKs in cancer biology and the therapeutic efficacy of RTK inhibition with promising treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian-Silviu Moldovan
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Kegyes
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Leukemia, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Lai Y, Lin F, Wang X, Zhang J, Xia J, Sun Y, Wen M, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhao J. STYK1/NOK Promotes Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Suppressing FoxO1 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621147. [PMID: 34295886 PMCID: PMC8290174 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1) has been previously shown to have oncogenic properties, and emerging evidence suggests that STYK1 expression correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanism of STYK1 involvement in oncogenesis remains unknown. The present study aimed to elucidate how STYK1 expression level relates to the metastasis, migration, invasion, and EMT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to determine the molecular mechanism of STYK1 effects. Methods Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1) expression level and its relationship with the prognosis of NSCLC were determined using the ONCOMINE database and clinical cases. Non-small cell lung cancer cell lines with the overexpression or knockdown of STYK1 were established to determine whether STYK1 promotes cell migration, invasion, and EMT in vitro and in vivo. In addition, a constitutively active FoxO1 mutant (FoxO1AAA) was used to examine the role of FoxO1 in the STYK1-mediated upregulation of metastasis and EMT in NSCLC. Results Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1) was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and its overexpression correlated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC after surgery. Enhanced expression of STYK1 potentiated the migration, invasion, and EMT in SW900 cells, thereby promoting metastasis, whereas knockdown of STYK1 inhibited these cellular phenomena in Calu-1 cells. Furthermore, STYK1 expression was positively related to the level of phosphorylated-FoxO1, whereas the constitutively active FoxO1 mutant protected against the positive effect of STYK1 overexpression on cell migration, invasion, and EMT. Conclusion Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1) was upregulated in NSCLC and correlated with poor clinical outcomes. In addition, STYK1 suppressed FoxO1 functions, thereby promoting metastasis and EMT in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghua Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miaomiao Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Lai Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Li W, Huang Z, Zhang C, Li X, Zhao J. STYK1/NOK correlates with ferroptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:659-666. [PMID: 31542233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Serine Threonine Tyrosine Kinase 1 (STYK1) presents oncogenic properties in many studies, and emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis serve as a novel tumor suppressor. However, the interplay between STYK1 and ferroptosis in NSCLC remains unclear. Our aim is to illustrate the expression of ferroptotic regulator Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in NSCLC and the relationship between STYK1 and ferroptosis. Herein, results based on ONCOMINE database, clinical specimens, and cellular manipulation revealed GPX4 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and high GPX4 expression predicted worse prognosis. High STYK1 expression predicted worse OS and was related to high GPX4 in NSCLC tissues; overexpression of STYK1 in lung cancer cell line SW900 upregulated the expression of GPX4, promoted proliferation, and attenuated diverse mitochondrial abnormalities specific to ferroptosis, whereas knockdown of GPX4 exacerbated such attenuations without affecting cell proliferation. Taken together, ferroptosis as an anti-tumor factor is inhibited in NSCLC, and targeting ferroptosis could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of NSCLC; furthermore, regulating ferroptosis could be another cancerous mechanism of STYK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhipei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Weimiao Li
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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STYK1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by reducing SPINT2/HAI-2 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:435. [PMID: 31164631 PMCID: PMC6547759 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NSCLC progression remains not fully understood. In this study, 347 patients with complete clinicopathologic characteristics who underwent NSCLC surgery were recruited for the investigation. We verified that elevated serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1) or decreased serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 2 (SPINT2/HAI-2) expression significantly correlated with poor prognosis, tumor invasion, and metastasis of NSCLC patients. STYK1 overexpression promoted NSCLC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. STYK1 also induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition by E-cadherin downregulation and Snail upregulation. Moreover, RNA-seq, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot analyses confirmed that STYK1 overexpression significantly decreased the SPINT2 level in NSCLC cells, and SPINT2 overexpression obviously reversed STYK1-mediated NSCLC progression both in vitro and in vivo. Further survival analyses showed that NSCLC patients with high STYK1 level and low SPINT2 level had the worst prognosis and survival. These results indicated that STYK1 facilitated NSCLC progression via reducing SPINT2 expression. Therefore, targeting STYK1 and SPINT2 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Shi Y, Zhang J, Liu M, Huang Y, Yin L. SMAD3 inducing the transcription of STYK1 to promote the EMT process and improve the tolerance of ovarian carcinoma cells to paclitaxel. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10796-10811. [PMID: 30701575 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To figure out the relationship between SMAD3 and serine-threonine tyrosine kinase (STYK1) in ovarian carcinoma cell's paclitaxel resistance. METHODS The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactpostion and Western blot analysis were used to analyze RNA and protein content of SMAD3 and STYK1, respectively. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to confirm the binding site of SMAD3 to the STYK1 promoter region. Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion and migration, and Western Blot was used to detect the marker proteins (vimentin and E-cadherin) of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. MTT and apoptosis assay were used to, respectively, measure cell vitality and apoptosis. In vivo experiments, rats were subcutaneously implanted with A2780 cells to establish an animal model of ovarian cancer and the survival curve was drawn. RESULTS Upregulating SMAD3 induced the expression of STYK1 in ovarian cancer cell lines. STYK1 is a direct transcriptional target of SMAD3. Upregulating STYK1 improved the paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells. Upregulating STYK1 promoted cell invasion, migration, and the EMT process, and SMAD3 had the same effect with STYK1 on cell invasion, cell migration, and the EMT process. The animal assay showed that downregulating STYK1 inhibited the EMT process and the paclitaxel resistance, further promoting the treatment of cervical cancer. CONCLUSION SMAD3 combined with the promoter region of STYK1 to promote the transcription process of STYK1, thereby promoting the EMT process and paclitaxel resistance of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Frist Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Frist Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengran Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Frist Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Frist Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Frist Hospital, Beijing, China
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Fauteux-Daniel S, Faure F, Marotel M, Geary C, Daussy C, Sun JC, Walzer T. Styk1 expression is a hallmark of murine NK cells and other NK1.1 + subsets but is dispensable for NK-cell development and effector functions. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:677-685. [PMID: 30690705 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To gain insight into the biology of NK cells, others and we previously identified the NK-cell signature, defined as the set of transcripts which expression is highly enriched in these cells compared to other immune subtypes. The transcript encoding the Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (Styk1) is part of this signature. However, the role of Styk1 in the immune system is unknown. Here, we report the generation of a novel transgenic mouse model, in which Styk1 expression is invalidated and replaced by an EGFP reporter cassette. We demonstrated that Styk1 expression is a hallmark of NK cells and other NK1.1 expressing cells such as liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) and NK1.1+ γδ T cells. Styk1 expression is maintained by IL-15 in NK cells and negatively correlates with the expression of educating NK-cell receptors. Analysis of phosphorylation levels of mTOR substrates suggested that Styk1 could moderately contribute to the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. However, Styk1-deficient NK cells develop normally and have normal in vitro and in vivo effector functions. Thus Styk1 expression is a hallmark of NK cells, ILC1 and NK1.1+ T cells but is dispensable for their development and immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fauteux-Daniel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Marotel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Clair Geary
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cécile Daussy
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Department of Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - International Center for Infectiology Research, Lyon, France.,Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
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Chen L, Ma C, Bian Y, Shao C, Wang T, Li J, Chong X, Su L, Lu J. Aberrant expression of STYK1 and E-cadherin confer a poor prognosis for pancreatic cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111333-111345. [PMID: 29340057 PMCID: PMC5762325 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that aberrant Serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1, also known as NOK) or/and E-cadherin were involved in the progression of some types of human cancers. However, whether they contributed to the development of pancreatic cancer was unknown. Here, we investigated the prognostic significance of aberrant STYK1 and E-cadherin in pancreatic cancer. Our results showed that STYK1 expression increased while E-cadherin decreased in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with normal pancreas tissues. STYK1 level was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in pancreatic cancer patients. E-cadherin expression was inversely correlated with STYK1 expression in pancreatic cancer tissue samples. Patients with high STYK1 and low E-cadherin expression had the worst prognosis. In addition, STYK1 knockdown in pancreatic cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced cell apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest, and prohibited cell migration, while STYK1 over-expression showed the opposite effects. Silencing STYK1 also increased E-cadherin expression and inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and p-p38 expression in vitro. Over-expression had showed the opposite trends, and treatment with p38 inhibitor, SB203580, could reverse the trends. Thus, STYK1 repressed E-cadherin expression and promoted EMT, mediated by p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which was the possible mechanism for STYK1-mediated pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration. In summary, our results showed that STYK1 might be a prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer patients and might be a novel strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luguang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bian
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengwei Shao
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiegong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Chong
- Cancer Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Orang AV, Safaralizadeh R, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Somi MH. Diagnostic relevance of overexpressed serine threonine tyrosine kinase/novel oncogene with kinase domain (STYK1/ NOK) mRNA in colorectal cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6685-9. [PMID: 25169509 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in gene expression levels or mutations of tyrosine kinases are detected in some human cancers. In this study, we examined whether serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1)/novel oncogene with kinase domain (NOK) is overexpressed in patients with colorectal cancer. We also examined the clinical relevance of STYK1/NOK expression in cancer tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS In tumor samples of patients with colorectal cancer and their matched non-cancerous samples, STYK1/NOK messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Associations between the expression levels of STYK1/NOK and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer were also assessed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS Upregulation of STYK1/NOK was found in cancer tissues even at early stage of colorectal cancer compared to normal adjacent tissues. The optimal cutoff point of 0.198 the STYK1/NOK expression showed 0.78 sensitivity and 0.75 specificity for diagnosis. Overexpressed STYK1/NOK was correlated with tumor size but had no association with other clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that STYK1/NOK mRNA is widely expressed in the patients with colorectal cancer and suggest that inhibition of this molecule could potentially serve as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Valinezhad Orang
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran E-mail :
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Hu L, Chen HY, Cai J, Zhang Y, Qi CY, Gong H, Zhai YX, Fu H, Yang GZ, Gao CF. Serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 is a potential prognostic marker in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:246. [PMID: 25884558 PMCID: PMC4404069 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1) has been reported in several human malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the prognostic significance of STYK1 expression in CRC remains unknown. METHODS STYK1 protein expression in paraffin-embedded CRC specimens was determined immunohistochemically. The correlation of STYK1 expression with clinicopathologic features was assessed in a cohort containing 353 patients with primary CRC. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between STYK1 expression and patients' survival. RESULTS STYK1 expression was frequently up-regulated in CRC clinical samples at the protein levels and was significantly associated with tumor differentiation grade (p = 0.030), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004), TNM stage (p = 0.007) and patient death (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high intratumoral STYK1 expression had a significantly shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) than those with low expression (p < 0.001). Importantly, high levels of STYK1 protein predicted poor DSS for both stage II (p < 0.001) and stage III (p = 0.004) patients. Furthermore, multivariate analyses revealed that STYK1 protein expression was an independent prognostic indicator for both stage II (hazard ratio [HR], 2.472; p = 0.001) and stage III (HR, 2.001; p = 0.004) patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased STYK1 protein expression correlates with disease progression and metastasis and may serve as a predictor of poor survival in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Hai-Yang Chen
- Department of Oncology, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Chen-Ye Qi
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yan-Xia Zhai
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Hao Fu
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Guang-Zhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
| | - Chun-Fang Gao
- Anal-Colorectal Surgery Institute, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China.
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Abstract
Protein phosphorylation lies at the heart of cell signalling, and somatic mutation(s) in kinases drives and sustains a multitude of human diseases, including cancer. The human protein kinase superfamily (the kinome) encodes approximately 50 'pseudokinases', which were initially predicted to be incapable of dynamic cell signalling when compared with canonical enzymatically active kinases. This assumption was supported by bioinformatics, which showed that amino acid changes at one or more key loci, making up the nucleotide-binding site or phosphotransferase machinery, were conserved in multiple vertebrate and non-vertebrate pseudokinase homologues. Protein kinases are highly attractive targets for drug discovery, as evidenced by the approval of almost 30 kinase inhibitors in oncology, and the successful development of the dual JAK1/2 (Janus kinase 1/2) inhibitor ruxolitinib for inflammatory indications. However, for such a large (>550) protein family, a remarkable number have still not been analysed at the molecular level, and only a surprisingly small percentage of kinases have been successfully targeted clinically. This is despite evidence that many are potential candidates for the development of new therapeutics. Indeed, several recent reports confirm that disease-associated pseudokinases can bind to nucleotide co-factors at concentrations achievable in the cell. Together, these findings suggest that drug targeting using either ATP-site or unbiased ligand-discovery approaches should now be attempted using the validation technology currently employed to evaluate their classic protein kinase counterparts. In the present review, we discuss members of the human pseudokinome repertoire, and catalogue somatic amino acid pseudokinase mutations that are emerging as the depth and clinical coverage of the human cancer pseudokinome expand.
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NIRASAWA SHINYA, KOBAYASHI DAISUKE, KONDOH TAKASHI, KURIBAYASHI KAGEAKI, TANAKA MAKI, YANAGIHARA NOZOMI, WATANABE NAOKI. Significance of serine threonine tyrosine kinase 1 as a drug resistance factor and therapeutic predictor in acute leukemia. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1867-74. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chen P, Li WM, Lu Q, Wang J, Yan XL, Zhang ZP, Li XF. Clinicopathologic features and prognostic implications of NOK/STYK1 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:402. [PMID: 24894011 PMCID: PMC4051150 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of novel oncogenic kinase (NOK), a member of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family, has been observed in several human malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the clinic relevance of NOK expression in NSCLC remains unclear. Methods In this study, NOK expression in tumor cells was assessed using immunohistochemical methods in 191 patients with resected NSCLC. The association of NOK expression with clinicopathological parameters, including the Ki-67 labeling index (LI), was also evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of NOK expression on survival. Results Data showed that NOK was expressed in 75.4% and 14.1% of cancer lesions and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissue, respectively. Out of all the clinicopathological factors analyzed, NOK expression was significantly correlated with the grade of tumor differentiation (P = 0.035), pTNM stage (P = 0.020), lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.005) and high Ki-67 LI (P < 0.001). NOK positive NSCLC patients had a significantly shorter survival time (P = 0.004, Log-rank test) and the prognostic significance of NOK expression was apparent in squamous cell carcinoma patients (P = 0.022). Multivariate analysis indicated that NOK expression may be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.731; P = 0.043). Conclusions Our results indicate that NOK expression is of clinical significance and can serve as a prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiao-Long Yan
- Department of thoracic surgery, Tangdu hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Li J, Wu F, Sheng F, Li YJ, Jin D, Ding X, Zhang S. NOK/STYK1 interacts with GSK-3β and mediates Ser9 phosphorylation through activated Akt. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3787-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu Y, Melin BS, Rajaraman P, Wang Z, Linet M, Shete S, Amos CI, Lau CC, Scheurer ME, Tsavachidis S, Armstrong GN, Houlston RS, Hosking FJ, Claus EB, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Lai R, Il’yasova D, Schildkraut J, Sadetzki S, Johansen C, Bernstein JL, Olson SH, Jenkins RB, LaChance D, Vick NA, Wrensch M, Davis F, McCarthy BJ, Andersson U, Thompson PA, Chanock S, Bondy ML. Insight in glioma susceptibility through an analysis of 6p22.3, 12p13.33-12.1, 17q22-23.2 and 18q23 SNP genotypes in familial and non-familial glioma. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1507-17. [PMID: 22688887 PMCID: PMC3604903 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The risk of glioma has consistently been shown to be increased twofold in relatives of patients with primary brain tumors (PBT). A recent genome-wide linkage study of glioma families provided evidence for a disease locus on 17q12-21.32, with the possibility of four additional risk loci at 6p22.3, 12p13.33-12.1, 17q22-23.2, and 18q23. To identify the underlying genetic variants responsible for the linkage signals, we compared the genotype frequencies of 5,122 SNPs mapping to these five regions in 88 glioma cases with and 1,100 cases without a family history of PBT (discovery study). An additional series of 84 familial and 903 non-familial cases were used to replicate associations. In the discovery study, 12 SNPs showed significant associations with family history of PBT (P < 0.001). In the replication study, two of the 12 SNPs were confirmed: 12p13.33-12.1 PRMT8 rs17780102 (P = 0.031) and 17q12-21.32 SPOP rs650461 (P = 0.025). In the combined analysis of discovery and replication studies, the strongest associations were attained at four SNPs: 12p13.33-12.1 PRMT8 rs17780102 (P = 0.0001), SOX5 rs7305773 (P = 0.0001) and STKY1 rs2418087 (P = 0.0003), and 17q12-21.32 SPOP rs6504618 (P = 0.0006). Further, a significant gene-dosage effect was found for increased risk of family history of PBT with these four SNPs in the combined data set (P(trend) <1.0 × 10(-8)). The results support the linkage finding that some loci in the 12p13.33-12.1 and 17q12-q21.32 may contribute to gliomagenesis and suggest potential target genes underscoring linkage signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa L, Bondy
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (Yanhong Liu, Michael E Scheurer, Spiridon Tsavachidis, Georgina N Armstrong, Ching C Lau, Melissa L Bondy); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland (Preetha Rajaraman, Zhaoming Wang, Martha Linet, Stephen Chanock); Departments of Biostatistics (Sanjay Shete), Genetics (Christopher I. Amos), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom (Richard S. Houlston, Fay J Hosking); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (Elizabeth B. Claus); Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (Elizabeth B. Claus); Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (Jill Barnholtz-Sloan); The Neurological Institute of Columbia University, New York, New York (Rose Lai); Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (Dora Il’yasova, Joellen Schildkraut); Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel (Siegal Sadetzki); and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel (Siegal Sadetzki); Danish Cancer Society, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen, Denmark (Christoffer Johansen); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (Jonine L. Bernstein, Sara H. Olson); Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Robert B. Jenkins, Daniel LaChance); Evanston Kellogg Cancer Care Center NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois (Nicholas A Vick); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Margaret Wrensch); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Bridget J McCarthy, Faith Davis); Department of Radiation Sciences Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (Beatrice S. Melin, Ulrika Andersson); Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (Patricia A. Thompson)
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Jackson KA, Oprea G, Handy J, Kimbro KS. Aberrant STYK1 expression in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. J Ovarian Res 2009; 2:15. [PMID: 19845955 PMCID: PMC2773766 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of STYK1, a putative serine/threonine and tyrosine receptor protein kinase has been shown to confer tumorigenicity and metastatic potential to normal cells injected into nude mice. Mutation of a tyrosine residue in the catalytic STYK1 domain attenuates the tumorigenic potential of tumor cells in vivo, collectively, suggesting an oncogenic role for STYK1. Methods To investigate the role of STYK1 expression in ovarian cancer, a panel of normal, benign, and ovarian cancer tissues was evaluated for STYK1 immunoreactivity using STYK1 antibodies. In addition, mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR of estrogen receptors, GPR30 and STYK1 following treatment of ovarian cell lines with estrogen or G1, a GPR30 agonist, as well as western analysis. Results Our data showed higher expression of STYK1 in cancer tissues versus normal or benign. Only normal or benign, and one cancer tissue were STYK1-negative. Moreover, benign and ovarian cancer cell lines expressed STYK1 as determined by RT-PCR. Estradiol treatment of these cells resulted in up- and down-regulation of STYK1 despite estrogen receptor status; whereas G-1, a GPR30-specific agonist, increased STYK1 mRNA levels higher than that of estradiol. Conclusion We conclude that STYK1 is expressed in ovarian cancer and is regulated by estrogen through a GPR30 hormone-signaling pathway, to the exclusion of estrogen receptor-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesmic A Jackson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Building C, Room C4090, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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