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Sameshima Y, Okada M, Shiseki M, Mori N, Motoji T, Tanaka J. Establishment and Characterization of an Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Cell Line Expressing CD13 and CD33 with a Complex Philadelphia Translocation. Intern Med 2023; 62:697-701. [PMID: 36858620 PMCID: PMC10036999 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9359-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of Philadelphia (Ph)-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), we established a lymphoblastoid cell line. Methods Bone marrow cells from a patient with Ph-positive ALL were enriched by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation and cultured in medium with fetal calf serum. Materials The mononuclear cells of bone marrow aspirate were obtained from an adult man with ALL after he experienced relapse following induction therapy including imatinib mesylate. Results The cell line termed TNA-M was established, carrying a three-way Ph translocation involving two chromosome 9s and one chromosome 22 as a sole karyotypic abnormality. Furthermore, the cells were positive for CD13 and CD33 in addition to CD19, CD22 and CD79a antigens. Conclusion This unique cell line is expected to be a valuable tool for understanding the pathogenesis of Ph-positive ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sameshima
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Michiko Okada
- Chromosome Laboratory, Shiseikai Dai-Ni Hospital, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shiseki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshiko Motoji
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
| | - Junji Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan
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2
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Maletzke S, Salimi A, Vieri M, Schroeder KM, Schemionek M, Masouleh BK, Brümmendorf TH, Koschmieder S, Appelmann I. Combined inhibition of BCR-ABL1 and the proteasome as a potential novel therapeutic approach in BCR-ABL positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268352. [PMID: 36194587 PMCID: PMC9531817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a disease of lymphoid progenitor cells with an often aggressive course and is commonly caused by the BCR-ABL fusion gene t(9;22) in adults. This fusion gene encodes a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that can be effectively inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with imatinib being the paradigmatic agent of this class. However, BCR-ABL+ ALL cells rapidly develop mutations against many of the available TKIs, and consecutive disease relapse still results in an overall unfavorable prognosis for patients with this disease. To date, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only known curative therapeutic option for the mostly elderly patients with BCR-ABL+ ALL. The discrepancy between the limited therapeutic armamentarium and the growing therapeutic need in an aging population is therefore a reason to test drug combinations against BCR-ABL+ ALL. In this study, we demonstrate that the combination of TKIs with proteasome inhibitors efficiently and under certain conditions synergistically exerts cytotoxic effects in BCR-ABL+ ALL cells in vitro with respect to the induction of apoptosis. Both sole and combined treatment of BCR-ABL+ ALL with the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and ixazomib, respectively, and TKI causes a significantly greater reduction in cell viability than TKI treatment alone in both BCR-ABL+ cell lines TOM-1 and BV-173. In BV-173 cells, we observed a significant reduction in cell viability to only 1.26%±0.46% with bortezomib treatment and 1.57±0.7% with combination treatment, whereas cells treated with dasatinib alone still had a viable percentage of 40.58±2.6%. Similar results were obtained when ixazomib was applied to both cell lines, and apoptosis was induced in both cases (93.36%±2.7% apoptotic BV-173 cells when treated with ixazomib and TKI). The combination of TKI and proteasome inhibitor is efficient in vitro, potentially expanding the spectrum of therapeutic options for patients with BCR-ABL+ ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Maletzke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Azam Salimi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Margherita Vieri
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kema Marlen Schroeder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mirle Schemionek
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Behzad Kharabi Masouleh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Iris Appelmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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3
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Nguyen TTT, Tamai M, Harama D, Kagami K, Kasai S, Watanabe A, Akahane K, Goi K, Inukai T. Introduction of the T315I gatekeeper mutation of BCR/ABL1 into a Philadelphia chromosome-positive lymphoid leukemia cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:534-543. [PMID: 35524023 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved the prognosis of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, overcoming TKI resistance due to the T315I gatekeeper mutation of BCR/ABL1 is crucial for further improving the prognosis. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system is appropriate for establishing a human model of Ph+ ALL with the T315I mutation, because it can induce specific mutations via homologous recombination (HR) repair in cells with intact endogenous HR pathway. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce the T315I mutation into the Ph+ lymphoid leukemia cell line KOPN55bi, which appeared to have an active HR pathway based on its resistance to a poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor. Single-guide RNA targeting at codon 315 and single-strand oligodeoxynucleotide containing ACT to ATT nucleotide transition at codon 315 were electroporated with recombinant Cas9 protein. Dasatinib-resistant sublines were obtained after one-month selection with the therapeutic concentration of dasatinib, leading to T315I mutation acquisition through HR. T315I-acquired sublines were highly resistant to imatinib and second-generation TKIs but moderately sensitive to the therapeutic concentration of ponatinib. This authentic human model is helpful for developing new therapeutic strategies overcoming TKI resistance in Ph+ ALL due to T315I mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao T T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Minori Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harama
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shin Kasai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
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4
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Tamai M, Kasai S, Akahane K, Thu TN, Kagami K, Komatsu C, Abe M, Watanabe A, Goi K, Miyake K, Inaba T, Takita J, Goto H, Minegishi M, Iwamoto S, Sugita K, Inukai T. Glucocorticoid receptor gene mutations confer glucocorticoid resistance in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 218:106068. [PMID: 35124168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) is a key drug in the treatment of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), and the initial GC response is an important prognostic factor. GC receptors play an essential role in GC sensitivity, and somatic mutations of the GC receptor gene, NR3C1, are reportedly identified in some BCP-ALL cases, particularly at relapse. Moreover, associations of somatic mutations of the CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) and Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1) genes with the GC-resistance of ALL have been suggested. However, the significance of these mutations in the GC sensitivity of BCP-ALL remains to be clarified in the intrinsic genes. In the present study, we sequenced NR3C1, WHSC1, and CREBBP genes in 99 BCP-ALL and 22 T-ALL cell lines (32 and 67 cell lines were known to be established at diagnosis and at relapse, respectively), and detected their mutations in 19 (2 cell lines at diagnosis and 15 cell lines at relapse), 26 (6 and 15), and 38 (11 and 15) cell lines, respectively. Of note, 14 BCP-ALL cell lines with the NR3C1 mutations were significantly more resistant to GC than those without mutations. In contrast, WHSC1 and CREBBP mutations were not associated with GC resistance. However, among the NR3C1 unmutated BCP-ALL cell lines, WHSC1 mutations tended to be associated with GC resistance and lower NR3C1 gene expression. Finally, we successfully established GC-resistant sublines of the GC-sensitive BCP-ALL cell line (697) by disrupting ligand binding and DNA binding domains of the NR3C1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These observations demonstrated that somatic mutations of the NR3C1 gene, and possibly the WHSC1 gene, confer GC resistance in BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Shin Kasai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Thao Nguyen Thu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Hematology/Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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5
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Somazu S, Tanaka Y, Tamai M, Watanabe A, Kagami K, Abe M, Harama D, Shinohara T, Akahane K, Goi K, Sugita K, Moriyama T, Yang J, Goto H, Minegishi M, Iwamoto S, Takita J, Inukai T. NUDT15 polymorphism and NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations influence thiopurine sensitivity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10521-10533. [PMID: 34636169 PMCID: PMC8581340 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), maintenance therapy consisting of oral daily mercaptopurine and weekly methotrexate is important. NUDT15 variant genotype is reportedly highly associated with severe myelosuppression during maintenance therapy, particularly in Asian and Hispanic populations. It has also been demonstrated that acquired somatic mutations of the NT5C2 and PRPS1 genes, which are involved in thiopurine metabolism, are detectable in a portion of relapsed childhood ALL. To directly confirm the significance of the NUDT15 variant genotype and NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations in thiopurine sensitivity of leukaemia cells in the intrinsic genes, we investigated 84 B‐cell precursor‐ALL (BCP‐ALL) cell lines. Three and 14 cell lines had homozygous and heterozygous variant diplotypes of the NUDT15 gene, respectively, while 4 and 2 cell lines that were exclusively established from the samples at relapse had the NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations, respectively. Both NUDT15 variant genotype and NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations were significantly associated with DNA‐incorporated thioguanine levels after exposure to thioguanine at therapeutic concentration. Considering the continuous exposure during the maintenance therapy, we evaluated in vitro mercaptopurine sensitivity after 7‐day exposure. Mercaptopurine concentrations lethal to 50% of the leukaemia cells were comparable to therapeutic serum concentration of mercaptopurine. Both NUDT15 variant genotype and NT5C2 and PRPS1 mutations were significantly associated with mercaptopurine sensitivity in 83 BCP‐ALL and 23 T‐ALL cell lines. The present study provides direct evidence to support the general principle showing that both inherited genotype and somatically acquired mutation are crucially implicated in the drug sensitivity of leukaemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinpei Somazu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Clinical Pharmacy and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Minori Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Harama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tamao Shinohara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takaya Moriyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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6
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Shinohara T, Urayama KY, Watanabe A, Akahane K, Goi K, Huang M, Kagami K, Abe M, Sugita K, Okada Y, Goto H, Minegishi M, Iwamoto S, Inukai T. Inherited genetic variants associated with glucocorticoid sensitivity in leukaemia cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12920-12932. [PMID: 33002292 PMCID: PMC7701530 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of genetic variants associated with glucocorticoids (GC) sensitivity of leukaemia cells may provide insight into potential drug targets and tailored therapy. In the present study, within 72 leukaemic cell lines derived from Japanese patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), we conducted genome-wide genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and attempted to identify genetic variants associated with GC sensitivity and NR3C1 (GC receptor) gene expression. IC50 measures for prednisolone (Pred) and dexamethasone (Dex) were available using an alamarBlue cell viability assay. IC50 values of Pred showed the strongest association with rs904419 (P = 4.34 × 10-8 ), located between the FRMD4B and MITF genes. The median IC50 values of prednisolone for cell lines with rs904419 AA (n = 13), AG (n = 31) and GG (n = 28) genotypes were 0.089, 0.139 and 297 µmol/L, respectively. For dexamethasone sensitivity, suggestive association was observed for SNP rs2306888 (P = 1.43 × 10-6 ), a synonymous SNP of the TGFBR3 gene. For NR3C1 gene expression, suggestive association was observed for SNP rs11982167 (P = 6.44 × 10-8 ), located in the PLEKHA8 gene. These genetic variants may affect GC sensitivity of ALL cells and may give rise to opportunities in personalized medicine for effective and safe chemotherapy in ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamao Shinohara
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kevin Y Urayama
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Public Health, St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Meixian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Hematology/Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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7
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Shibata N, Ohoka N, Tsuji G, Demizu Y, Miyawaza K, Ui-Tei K, Akiyama T, Naito M. Deubiquitylase USP25 prevents degradation of BCR-ABL protein and ensures proliferation of Ph-positive leukemia cells. Oncogene 2020; 39:3867-3878. [PMID: 32203161 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusion genes resulting from chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found in a variety of cancer cells. Some of these are known to be driver oncogenes, such as BCR-ABL in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The products of such fusion genes are abnormal proteins that are ordinarily degraded in cells by a mechanism known as protein quality control. This suggests that the degradation of BCR-ABL protein is suppressed in CML cells to ensure their proliferative activity. Here, we show that ubiquitin-specific protease 25 (USP25) suppresses the degradation of BCR-ABL protein in cells harboring Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). USP25 was found proximal to BCR-ABL protein in cells. Depletion of USP25 using shRNA-mediated gene silencing increased the ubiquitylated BCR-ABL, and reduced the level of BCR-ABL protein. Accordingly, BCR-ABL-mediated signaling and cell proliferation were suppressed in BCR-ABL-positive leukemia cells by the depletion of USP25. We further found that pharmacological inhibition of USP25 induced rapid degradation of BCR-ABL protein in Ph-positive leukemia cells, regardless of their sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These results indicate that USP25 is a novel target for inducing the degradation of oncogenic BCR-ABL protein in Ph-positive leukemia cells. This could be an effective approach to overcome resistance to kinase inhibitors.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Deubiquitinating Enzymes/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Silencing/drug effects
- Genes, abl/genetics
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proteolysis/drug effects
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shibata
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Genichiro Tsuji
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Demizu
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Keiji Miyawaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ui-Tei
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
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8
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Copy number abnormality of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines based on their genetic subtypes. Int J Hematol 2018; 108:312-318. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Takahashi K, Inukai T, Imamura T, Yano M, Tomoyasu C, Lucas DM, Nemoto A, Sato H, Huang M, Abe M, Kagami K, Shinohara T, Watanabe A, Somazu S, Oshiro H, Akahane K, Goi K, Kikuchi J, Furukawa Y, Goto H, Minegishi M, Iwamoto S, Sugita K. Anti-leukemic activity of bortezomib and carfilzomib on B-cell precursor ALL cell lines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188680. [PMID: 29236701 PMCID: PMC5728482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been dramatically improved. However, prognosis of the cases refractory to primary therapy is still poor. Recent phase 2 study on the efficacy of combination chemotherapy with bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor, for refractory childhood ALL demonstrated favorable clinical outcomes. However, septic death was observed in over 10% of patients, indicating the necessity of biomarkers that could predict BTZ sensitivity. We investigated in vitro BTZ sensitivity in a large panel of ALL cell lines that acted as a model system for refractory ALL, and found that Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL, IKZF1 deletion, and biallelic loss of CDKN2A were associated with favorable response. Even in Ph-negative ALL cell lines, IKZF1 deletion and bilallelic loss of CDKN2A were independently associated with higher BTZ sensitivity. BTZ showed only marginal cross-resistance to four representative chemotherapeutic agents (vincristine, dexamethasone, l-asparaginase, and daunorubicin) in B-cell precursor-ALL cell lines. To improve the efficacy and safety of proteasome inhibitor combination chemotherapy, we also analyzed the anti-leukemic activity of carfilzomib (CFZ), a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, as a substitute for BTZ. CFZ showed significantly higher activity than BTZ in the majority of ALL cell lines except for the P-glycoprotein-positive t(17;19) ALL cell lines, and IKZF1 deletion was also associated with a favorable response to CFZ treatment. P-glycoprotein inhibitors effectively restored the sensitivity to CFZ, but not BTZ, in P-glycoprotein-positive t(17;19) ALL cell lines. P-glycoprotein overexpressing ALL cell line showed a CFZ-specific resistance, while knockout of P-glycoprotein by genome editing with a CRISPR/Cas9 system sensitized P-glycoprotein-positive t(17;19) ALL cell line to CFZ. These observations suggested that IKZF1 deletion could be a useful biomarker to predict good sensitivity to CFZ and BTZ, and that CFZ combination chemotherapy may be a new therapeutic option with higher anti-leukemic activity for refractory ALL that contain P-glycoprotein-negative leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mio Yano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tomoyasu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - David M. Lucas
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Nemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Meixian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Tamao Shinohara
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Somazu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Jiro Kikuchi
- Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Hematology/Oncology & Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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10
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Huang M, Inukai T, Kagami K, Abe M, Shinohara T, Watanabe A, Somazu S, Oshiro H, Goi K, Goto H, Minegishi M, Iwamoto S, Urayama KY, Sugita K. Splicing variant profiles and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in relation to glucocorticoid sensitivity of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Hematol Oncol 2017; 36:245-251. [PMID: 28850694 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) shows antileukaemic activity via binding to the GC receptor (GR). The human GR gene has 4 splicing variants besides the functional isoform GRα, but their significance in GC sensitivity of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) has been inconsistent. Additionally, several studies evaluated the relevance of GR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GC sensitivity of ALL, but the current cumulative evidence appears inconclusive. Addressing limitations in previous studies, we used a large series of B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) cell lines established from Japanese patients to comprehensively examine all 5 splicing variants of the GR gene and candidate SNPs, and their association with GC-sensitivity. We performed real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses with 10 sets of primers that differentially quantify the 5 isoforms in different combinations, and the strongest correlations with GC sensitivity were observed for the real-time RT-PCR of exons 7 and 8 (prednisolone sensitivity; r = -0.534, R2 = 0.29, P = 1.4 × 10-6 ) and exons 8 and 9a (r = -0.583, R2 = 0.34, P = 7.6 × 10-8 ), both specific for GRα and GRγ isoforms. In contrast, the real-time RT-PCR of junction of exons 3g and 4 and exon 4, specific for GRγ isoform alone, did not show significant correlation with GC sensitivity (prednisolone sensitivity; r = -0.403, R2 = 0.16, P = 4.6 × 10-4 ). These observations are consistent with the notion that GRα plays a central role in the GC-mediated proapoptotic activity in BCP-ALL. In addition, a promoter region SNP genotype (rs72555796) showed a significant association with GC sensitivity (prednisolone sensitivity; P = .010) and tended to show an association with GR gene expression (RT-PCR of exons 7 and 8; P = .170). These findings indicate that isoform profiles and SNP genotypes of the GR gene may be useful indicators of GC sensitivity in BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Masako Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Tamao Shinohara
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Somazu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Hematology/Oncology & Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kevin Y Urayama
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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11
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Shibata N, Miyamoto N, Nagai K, Shimokawa K, Sameshima T, Ohoka N, Hattori T, Imaeda Y, Nara H, Cho N, Naito M. Development of protein degradation inducers of oncogenic BCR-ABL protein by conjugation of ABL kinase inhibitors and IAP ligands. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1657-1666. [PMID: 28556300 PMCID: PMC5543464 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocation occurs in some cancer cells, which results in the expression of aberrant oncogenic fusion proteins that include BCR‐ABL in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Inhibitors of ABL tyrosine kinase, such as imatinib and dasatinib, exhibit remarkable therapeutic effects, although emergence of drug resistance hampers the therapy during long‐term treatment. An alternative approach to treat CML is to downregulate the BCR‐ABL protein. We have devised a protein knockdown system by hybrid molecules named Specific and Non‐genetic inhibitor of apoptosis protein [IAP]‐dependent Protein Erasers (SNIPER), which is designed to induce IAP‐mediated ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of target proteins, and a couple of SNIPER(ABL) against BCR‐ABL protein have been developed recently. In this study, we tested various combinations of ABL inhibitors and IAP ligands, and the linker was optimized for protein knockdown activity of SNIPER(ABL). The resulting SNIPER(ABL)‐39, in which dasatinib is conjugated to an IAP ligand LCL161 derivative by polyethylene glycol (PEG) × 3 linker, shows a potent activity to degrade the BCR‐ABL protein. Mechanistic analysis suggested that both cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) and X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) play a role in the degradation of BCR‐ABL protein. Consistent with the degradation of BCR‐ABL protein, the SNIPER(ABL)‐39 inhibited the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and Crk like proto‐oncogene (CrkL), and suppressed the growth of BCR‐ABL‐positive CML cells. These results suggest that SNIPER(ABL)‐39 could be a candidate for a degradation‐based novel anti‐cancer drug against BCR‐ABL‐positive CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Shibata
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nagai
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Sameshima
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hattori
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Imaeda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nara
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Cho
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Naito
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Efficacy of the polo-like kinase inhibitor rigosertib, alone or in combination with Abelson tyrosine kinase inhibitors, against break point cluster region-c-Abelson-positive leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20231-40. [PMID: 26008977 PMCID: PMC4653000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The potency of Abelson (ABL) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been demonstrated. However, ABL TKI resistance can develop. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a combination therapy including rigosertib (ON 01910.Na), a polo-like kinase (PLK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and ABL TKIs. A 72-h rigosertib treatment was found to inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis, reduce phosphorylation of the breakpoint cluster region-c (BCR)-ABL and its substrate Crk-L, and increase the activities of caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). This combination therapy also exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect on Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive cell proliferation and reduced the phosphorylation of BCR-ABL and Crk-L while increasing that of cleaved PARP and the H2A.X histone. Rigosertib also potently inhibited the growth of ABL TKI-resistant cells, and cotreatment with ABL TKIs and rigosertib induced higher cytotoxicity. These results indicate that rigosertib treatment may be a powerful strategy against ABL TKI-resistant cells and could enhance the cytotoxic effects of ABL TKIs.
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13
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Nemoto A, Saida S, Kato I, Kikuchi J, Furukawa Y, Maeda Y, Akahane K, Honna-Oshiro H, Goi K, Kagami K, Kimura S, Sato Y, Okabe S, Niwa A, Watanabe K, Nakahata T, Heike T, Sugita K, Inukai T. Specific Antileukemic Activity of PD0332991, a CDK4/6 Inhibitor, against Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Lymphoid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:94-105. [PMID: 26637365 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
S-phase progression of the cell cycle is accelerated in tumors through various genetic abnormalities, and, thus, pharmacologic inhibition of altered cell-cycle progression would be an effective strategy to control tumors. In the current study, we analyzed the antileukemic activity of three available small molecules targeting CDK4/CDK6 against lymphoid crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-LC) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+) ALL), and found that all three molecules showed specific activities against leukemic cell lines derived from CML-LC and Ph(+) ALL. In particular, PD0332991 exhibited extremely high antileukemic activity against CML-LC and Ph(+) ALL cell lines in the nanomolar range by the induction of G0-G1 arrest and partially cell death through dephosphorylation of pRb and downregulation of the genes that are involved in S-phase transition. As an underlying mechanism for favorable sensitivity to the small molecules targeting CDK4/CDK6, cell-cycle progression of Ph(+) lymphoid leukemia cells was regulated by transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of CDK4 as well as Cyclin D2 gene expression under the control of BCR-ABL probably through the PI3K pathway. Consistently, the gene expression level of Cyclin D2 in Ph(+) lymphoid leukemia cells was significantly higher than that in Ph(-) lymphoid leukemia cells. Of note, three Ph(+) ALL cell lines having the T315I mutation also showed sensitivity to PD0332991. In a xenograft model, PD0332991, but not imatinib, suppressed dissemination of Ph(+) ALL having the T315I mutation and prolonged survival, demonstrating that this reagent would be a new therapeutic modality for relapsed CML-LC and Ph(+) ALL patients after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jiro Kikuchi
- Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Maeda
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Honna-Oshiro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Goi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Adult Nursing, The Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Okabe
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Niwa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsutoshi Nakahata
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inukai
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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14
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Anti-leukemic potency of piggyBac-mediated CD19-specific T cells against refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytotherapy 2015; 16:1257-69. [PMID: 25108652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS To develop a treatment option for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph(+)ALL) resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), we evaluated the anti-leukemic activity of T cells non-virally engineered to express a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). METHODS A CD19.CAR gene was delivered into mononuclear cells from 10 mL of blood of healthy donors through the use of piggyBac-transposons and the 4-D Nucleofector System. Nucleofected cells were stimulated with CD3/CD28 antibodies, magnetically selected for the CD19.CAR, and cultured in interleukin-15-containing serum-free medium with autologous feeder cells for 21 days. To evaluate their cytotoxic potency, we co-cultured CAR T cells with seven Ph(+)ALL cell lines including three TKI-resistant (T315I-mutated) lines at an effector-to-target ratio of 1:5 or lower without cytokines. RESULTS We obtained ∼1.3 × 10(8) CAR T cells (CD4(+), 25.4%; CD8(+), 71.3%), co-expressing CD45RA and CCR7 up to ∼80%. After 7-day co-culture, CAR T cells eradicated all tumor cells at the 1:5 and 1:10 ratios and substantially reduced tumor cell numbers at the 1:50 ratio. Kinetic analysis revealed up to 37-fold proliferation of CAR T cells during a 20-day culture period in the presence of tumor cells. On exposure to tumor cells, CAR T cells transiently and reproducibly upregulated the expression of transgene as well as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and interleukin-2. CONCLUSIONS We generated a clinically relevant number of CAR T cells from 10 mL of blood through the use of piggyBac-transposons, a 4D-Nulcleofector, and serum/xeno/tumor cell/virus-free culture system. CAR T cells exhibited marked cytotoxicity against Ph(+)ALL regardless of T315I mutation. PiggyBac-mediated CD19-specific T-cell therapy may provide an effective, inexpensive and safe option for drug-resistant Ph(+)ALL.
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15
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Katagiri S, Tauchi T, Okabe S, Minami Y, Kimura S, Maekawa T, Naoe T, Ohyashiki K. Combination of ponatinib with Hedgehog antagonist vismodegib for therapy-resistant BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:1422-32. [PMID: 23319824 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Hedgehog signaling pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and differentiation during development. Whereas the Hedgehog pathway is inactive in most normal adult tissues, Hedgehog pathway reactivation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neoplasms including BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia. The clear link between the Hedgehog pathway and BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia led to an effort to identify small molecules to block the pathway. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the combined effects of vismodegib and ponatinib, a pan-ABL1 kinase inhibitor, in nonobese diabetic/severe-combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) repopulating T315I BCR-ABL1-positive cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We observed that combination with vismodegib and ponatinib helps to eliminate therapy-resistant NOD/SCID repopulating T315I BCR-ABL1-positive cells. The percentage of CD19-positive leukemia cells in peripheral blood was significantly lower in vismodegib + ponatinib-treated mice than that of the vehicle or ponatinib alone (P < 0.001). Spleen weights were also lower in vismodegib + ponatinib-treated mice than in ponatinib alone (P < 0.05). Overall tumor burden, as assessed by BCR-ABL mRNA from bone marrow cells, was significantly lower in vismodegib + ponatinib-treated mice than in ponatinib alone (P < 0.005). We also found that vismodegib significantly reduced BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia cell self-renewal in vitro as well as during serial transplantation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The combination with a Smo inhibitor and ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors may help eliminate therapy-resistant T315I BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia cells. Our preclinical results indicate that vismodegib has potential as an important option for controlling minimal residual cells in BCR-ABL1-positive leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Katagiri
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Abstract
The strategy of clinically targeting cancerous cells at their most vulnerable state during mitosis has instigated numerous studies into the mitotic cell death (MCD) pathway. As the hallmark of cancer revolves around cell-cycle deregulation, it is not surprising that antimitotic therapies are effective against the abnormal proliferation of transformed cells. Moreover, these antimitotic drugs are also highly selective and sensitive. Despite the robust rate of discovery and the development of mitosis-selective inhibitors, the unpredictable complexities of the human body's response to these drugs still herald the biggest challenge towards clinical success. Undoubtedly, the need to bridge the gap between promising preclinical trials and effective translational bedside treatment prompts further investigations towards mapping out the mechanistic pathways of MCD, understanding how these drugs work as medicine in the body and more comprehensive target validations. In this review, current antimitotic agents are summarized with particular emphasis on the evaluation of their clinical efficacy as well as their limitations. In addition, we discuss the basis behind the lack of activity of these inhibitors in human trials and the potential and future directions of mitotic anticancer strategies.
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