1
|
Reuvekamp T, Bachas C, Cloos J. Immunophenotypic features of early haematopoietic and leukaemia stem cells. Int J Lab Hematol 2024. [PMID: 39045906 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Many tumours are organised in a hierarchical structure with at its apex a cell that can maintain, establish, and repopulate the tumour-the cancer stem cell. The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is the founder cell for all functional blood cells. Like HSCs, the leukaemia stem cells (LSC) are hypothesised to be the leukaemia-initiating cells, which have features of stemness such as self-renewal, quiescence, and resistance to cytotoxic drugs. Immunophenotypically, CD34+CD38- defines HSCs by adding lineage negativity and CD90+CD45RA-. At which stage of maturation the further differentiation is blocked, determines the type of leukaemia, and determines the immunophenotype of the LSC specific to the leukaemia type. No apparent LSC phenotype has been described in lymphoid leukaemia, and it is debated if a specific acute lymphocytic leukaemia-initiating cell is present, as all cells are capable of engraftment in a secondary mouse model. In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, a B-cell clone is responsible for uncontrolled proliferation, not a specific LSC. In chronic and acute myeloid leukaemia, LSC is described as CD34+CD38- with the expression of a marker that is aberrantly expressed (LSC marker), such as CD45RA, CD123 or in the case of chronic myeloid leukaemia CD26. In acute myeloid leukaemia, the LSC load had prognostic relevance and might be a biomarker that can be used for monitoring and as an addition to measurable residual disease. However, challenges such as the CD34-negative immunophenotype need to be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Reuvekamp
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Costa Bachas
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
New insights into Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells via Single-Cell Omics. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1322-1336. [PMID: 35318612 PMCID: PMC8939482 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Residing at the apex of the hematopoietic hierarchy, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) give rise to all mature blood cells. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in single-cell RNA sequencing as well as multi-omics technologies that have facilitated elucidation of the heterogeneity of previously defined human HSPCs. From the embryonic stage through the adult stage to aging, single-cell studies have enabled us to trace the origins of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), demonstrating different hematopoietic differentiation during development, as well as identifying novel cell populations. In both hematological benign diseases and malignancies, single-cell omics technologies have begun to reveal tissue heterogeneity and have permitted mapping of microenvironmental ecosystems and tracking of cell subclones, thereby greatly broadening our understanding of disease development. Furthermore, advances have also been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms for relapse and identifying therapeutic targets of hematological disorders and other non-hematological diseases. Extensive exploration of hematopoiesis at the single-cell level may thus have great potential for broad clinical applications of HSPCs, as well as disease prognosis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chiang KJ, Chiu LC, Kang YN, Chen C. Autologous Stem Cell Therapy for Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Cells 2021; 10:3307. [PMID: 34943815 PMCID: PMC8699089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity chronic wounds (LECWs) commonly occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Autologous stem cell therapy (ASCT) has emerged as a promising alternative treatment for those who suffered from LECWs. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ASCT on LECWs. Two authors searched three core databases, and independently identified evidence according to predefined criteria. They also individually assessed the quality of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and extracted data on complete healing rate, amputation rate, and outcomes regarding peripheral circulation. The extracted data were pooled using a random-effects model due to clinical heterogeneity among the included RCTs. A subgroup analysis was further performed according to etiology, source of stem cells, follow-up time, and cell markers. A total of 28 RCTs (n = 1096) were eligible for this study. The pooled results showed that patients receiving ASCT had significantly higher complete healing rates (risk ratio (RR) = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.19) as compared with those without ASCT. In the CD34+ subgroup, ASCT significantly led to a higher complete healing rate (RR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.50-4.86), but there was no significant difference in the CD34- subgroup. ASCT through intramuscular injection can significantly improve wound healing in patients with LECWs caused by either DM or critical limb ischemia. Lastly, CD34+ is an important cell marker for potential wound healing. However, more extensive scale and well-designed studies are necessary to explore the details of ASCT and chronic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ju Chiang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (K.-J.C.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Li-Cheng Chiu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (K.-J.C.); (L.-C.C.)
| | - Yi-No Kang
- Department of Health Care Management, College of Health Technology, National Taipei University of Nursing Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Policy & Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chiehfeng Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sonoda Y. Human CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells: The current understanding of their biological nature. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:13-26. [PMID: 33610645 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) heterogeneity and hierarchy are a current topic of interest, having major implications for clinical HSC transplantation and basic research on human HSCs. It was long believed that the most primitive HSCs in mammals, including mice and humans, were CD34 antigen positive (CD34+). However, 2 decades ago, it was reported that murine long-term multilineage reconstituting HSCs were lineage marker negative (Lin-, i.e., c-kit+Sca-1+CD34low/-), known as CD34low/- KSL cells. In contrast, human CD34- HSCs, a counterpart of murine CD34low/- KSL cells, were hard to identify for a long time mainly because of their rarity. We previously identified very primitive human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) using the intra-bone marrow injection method and proposed the new concept that CD34- SRCs (HSCs) reside at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy. Through a series of studies, we identified two positive/enrichment markers: CD133 and GPI-80. The combination of these two markers enabled the development of an ultrahigh-resolution purification method for CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs and the successful purification of both HSCs at the single-cell level. Cell population purity is a crucial prerequisite for reliable biological and molecular analyses. Clonal analyses of highly purified human CD34- HSCs have revealed their potent megakaryocyte/erythrocyte differentiation potential. Based on these observations, we propose a revised road map for the commitment of human CB-derived CD34- HSCs. This review updates the current understanding of the stem cell nature of human CB-derived primitive CD34- as well as CD34+ HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hughes MR, Canals Hernaez D, Cait J, Refaeli I, Lo BC, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. A sticky wicket: Defining molecular functions for CD34 in hematopoietic cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 86:1-14. [PMID: 32422232 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD34 cell surface antigen is widely expressed in tissues on cells with progenitor-like properties and on mature vascular endothelia. In adult human bone marrow, CD34 marks hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) starting from the bulk of hematopoietic stem cells with long-term repopulating potential (LT-HSCs) throughout expansion and differentiation of oligopotent and unipotent progenitors. CD34 protein surface expression is typically lost as cells mature into terminal effectors. Because of this expression pattern of HSPCs, CD34 has had a central role in the evaluation or selection of donor graft tissue in HSC transplant (HSCT). Given its clinical importance, it is surprising that the biological functions of CD34 are still poorly understood. This enigma is due, in part, to CD34's context-specific role as both a pro-adhesive and anti-adhesive molecule and its potential functional redundancy with other sialomucins. Moreover, there are also critical differences in the regulation of CD34 expression on HSPCs in humans and experimental mice. In this review, we highlight some of the more well-defined functions of CD34 in HSPCs with a focus on proposed functions most relevant to HSCT biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ido Refaeli
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zarrabi M, Afzal E, Asghari MH, Ebrahimi M. Assessment of Short-Term Engraftment Potential of Ex Vivo Expanded Hematopoietic Stem Cells Using Normal Fetal Mouse in Utero Transplantation Model. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:259-267. [PMID: 31210431 PMCID: PMC6582413 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.6006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ex vivo expansion is a promising strategy to overcome the low number of human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (hUCB-HSCs). Although based on the obtained results in unnatural physiological condition of irradiated genetically immune-deficient mouse models, there has always been concern that the expanded cells have less engraftment potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of common ex vivo expansion method on engraftment potential of hUCB-mononuclear cells (MNCs), using normal fetal mouse, as a model with more similarity to human physiological conditions. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, briefly, isolated hUCB-MNCs were cultured in common expansion medium containing stem cell factor, Flt3 ligand and thrombopoietin. The unexpanded and expanded cells were transplanted to the fetal mice on gestational days of 11.5-13.5. After administration of human hematopoiesis growth factors (hHGFs), presence of human CD45+ cells, in the peripheral blood of recipients, was assessed at various time points after transplantation. Results The expanded MNCs showed 32-fold increase in the expression of CD34+38- phenotype and about 3-fold higher clonogenic potential as compared to the uncultured cells. Four weeks after transplantation, 73% (19/26) of expanded-cell recipients and 35% (7/20) of unexpanded-cell recipients were found to be successfully engrafted with human CD45+ cells. The engraftment level of expanded MNCs was significantly (1.8-fold) higher than unexpanded cells. After hHGFs administration, the level was increased to 3.2, 3.8 and 2.6-fold at respectively 8, 12, and 16 weeks of post transplantation. The increased expression of CXCR4 protein in expanded MNCs is a likely explanation for the present findings. Conclusion The presented data showed that expanded MNCs compared to unexpended cells are capable of more rapid and higher short-term engraftment in normal fetal mouse. It could also be suggested that in utero transplantation (IUT) of normal fetal mice could be an appropriate substitute for NOD/SCID mice in xenotransplantation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Zarrabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Afzal
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Asghari
- Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
ASXL1/EZH2 mutations promote clonal expansion of neoplastic HSC and impair erythropoiesis in PMF. Leukemia 2018; 33:99-109. [PMID: 29907810 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disease, characterized by aberrant differentiation of all myeloid lineages and profound disruption of the bone marrow niche. PMF samples carry several mutations, but their cell origin and hierarchy in regulating the different waves of clonal and aberrant myeloproliferation from the prime HSC compartment is poorly understood. Genotyping of >2000 colonies from CD133+HSC and progenitors from PMF patients confirmed the complex genetic heterogeneity within the neoplastic population. Notably, mutations in chromatin regulators ASXL1 and/or EZH2 were identified as the first genetic lesions, preceding both JAK2-V617F and CALR mutations, and are thus drivers of clonal myelopoiesis in a PMF subset. HSC from PMF patients with double ASXL1/EZH2 mutations exhibited significantly higher engraftment in immunodeficient mice than those from patients without histone modifier mutations. EZH2 mutations correlate with aberrant erythropoiesis in PMF patients, exemplified by impaired maturation and cell cycle arrest of erythroid progenitors. These data underscore the importance of post-transcriptional modifiers of histones in neoplastic stem cells, whose clonal growth sustains aberrant myelopoiesis and expansion of pre-leukemic clones in PMF.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sumide K, Matsuoka Y, Kawamura H, Nakatsuka R, Fujioka T, Asano H, Takihara Y, Sonoda Y. A revised road map for the commitment of human cord blood CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2202. [PMID: 29875383 PMCID: PMC5989201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified CD34-negative (CD34-) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells as primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in human cord blood. In this study, we develop a prospective ultra-high-resolution purification method by applying two positive markers, CD133 and GPI-80. Using this method, we succeed in purifying single long-term repopulating CD34- HSCs with self-renewing capability residing at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy from cord blood, as evidenced by a single-cell-initiated serial transplantation analysis. The gene expression profiles of individual CD34+ and CD34- HSCs and a global gene expression analysis demonstrate the unique molecular signature of CD34- HSCs. We find that the purified CD34- HSCs show a potent megakaryocyte/erythrocyte differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. Megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors may thus be generated directly via a bypass route from the CD34- HSCs. Based on these data, we propose a revised road map for the commitment of human CD34- HSCs in cord blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sumide
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujioka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Asano
- School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takihara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Osaka Blood Center, Osaka, 536-0025, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abe T, Matsuoka Y, Nagao Y, Sonoda Y, Hanazono Y. CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells show distinct expression profiles of homing molecules that limit engraftment in mice and sheep. Int J Hematol 2017; 106:631-637. [PMID: 28687990 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-017-2290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We and others have reported that human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are also present in the CD34-negative (CD34-) fraction of human cord blood (CB). Here, we examined the hematopoietic engraftment potential of 13 or 18 lineage-negative (13Lin- or 18Lin-) CD34+/- cells from human CB in mice and sheep. Both 13Lin- and 18Lin- CD34+ cells efficiently engrafted in mice irrespective of transplantation route, be it by tail-vein injection (TVI) or by intra-bone marrow injection (IBMI). These cells also engrafted in sheep after in utero fetal intra-hepatic injection (IHI). In contrast, neither 13Lin- nor 18Lin- CD34- cells engrafted in either mice or sheep when transplanted by regular routes (i.e., TVI and fetal IHI, respectively), although both 13Lin- and 18Lin- CD34- cells engrafted in mice when transplanted by IBMI and exhibited multilineage reconstitution ability. Thus, the homing ability of CD34- HSCs is significantly more limited than that of CD34+ HSCs. As for 18Lin-, CD34- HSCs are characterized by low expression of the tetraspanin CD9, which promotes homing, and high expression of the peptidase CD26, which inhibits homing. This unique expression pattern homing-related molecules on CD34- HSCs could thus explain in part their reduced ability to home to the BM niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- University Farm, Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Matsuoka Y, Takahashi M, Sumide K, Kawamura H, Nakatsuka R, Fujioka T, Sonoda Y. CD34 Antigen and the MPL Receptor Expression Defines a Novel Class of Human Cord Blood-Derived Primitive Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:1043-1058. [PMID: 27938494 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x694201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the murine hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment, thrombopoietin (THPO)/MPL (THPO receptor) signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of adult quiescent HSCs. However, the role of THPO/MPL signaling in the human primitive HSC compartment has not yet been elucidated. We have identified very primitive human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) using the intra-bone marrow injection method. In this study, we investigated the roles of the MPL expression in the human primitive HSC compartment. The SRC activities of the highly purified CB-derived 18Lin-CD34+/-MPL+/- cells were analyzed using NOG mice. In the primary recipient mice, nearly all mice that received CD34+/-MPL+/- cells were repopulated with human CD45+ cells. Nearly all of these mice that received CD34+MPL+/- and CD34-MPL- cells showed a secondary repopulation. Interestingly, the secondary recipient mice that received CD34+/-MPL- cells showed a distinct tertiary repopulation. These results clearly indicate that the CD34+/- SRCs not expressing MPL sustain a long-term (LT) (>1 year) human cell repopulation in NOG mice. Moreover, CD34- SRCs generate CD34+CD38-CD90+ SRCs in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide a new concept that CD34-MPL- SRCs reside at the apex of the human HSC hierarchy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Theocharides APA, Rongvaux A, Fritsch K, Flavell RA, Manz MG. Humanized hemato-lymphoid system mice. Haematologica 2016; 101:5-19. [PMID: 26721800 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, incrementally improved xenograft mouse models, supporting the engraftment and development of a human hemato-lymphoid system, have been developed and now represent an important research tool in the field. The most significant contributions made by means of humanized mice are the identification of normal and leukemic hematopoietic stem cells, the characterization of the human hematopoietic hierarchy, and their use as preclinical therapy models for malignant hematopoietic disorders. Successful xenotransplantation depends on three major factors: tolerance by the mouse host, correct spatial location, and appropriately cross-reactive support and interaction factors such as cytokines and major histocompatibility complex molecules. Each of these can be modified. Experimental approaches include the genetic modification of mice to faithfully express human support factors as non-cross-reactive cytokines, to create free niche space, the co-transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells, the implantation of humanized ossicles or other stroma, and the implantation of human thymic tissue. Besides the source of hematopoietic cells, the conditioning regimen and the route of transplantation also significantly affect human hematopoietic development in vivo. We review here the achievements, most recent developments, and the remaining challenges in the generation of pre-clinically-predictive systems for human hematology and immunology, closely resembling the human situation in a xenogeneic mouse environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Department of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristin Fritsch
- Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Markus G Manz
- Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
GPI-80 expression highly purifies human cord blood-derived primitive CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2016; 128:2258-2260. [PMID: 27625361 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-704668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
13
|
Matsuoka Y, Nakatsuka R, Sumide K, Kawamura H, Takahashi M, Fujioka T, Uemura Y, Asano H, Sasaki Y, Inoue M, Ogawa H, Takahashi T, Hino M, Sonoda Y. Prospectively Isolated Human Bone Marrow Cell-Derived MSCs Support Primitive Human CD34-Negative Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1554-65. [PMID: 25537923 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained in a specialized bone marrow (BM) niche, which consists of osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and a variety of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). However, precisely what types of MSCs support human HSCs in the BM remain to be elucidated because of their heterogeneity. In this study, we succeeded in prospectively isolating/establishing three types of MSCs from human BM-derived lineage- and CD45-negative cells, according to their cell surface expression of CD271 and stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-4. Among them, the MSCs established from the Lineage(-) CD45(-) CD271(+) SSEA-4(+) fraction (DP MSC) could differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but they lacked adipogenic differentiation potential. The DP MSCs expressed significantly higher levels of well-characterized HSC-supportive genes, including IGF-2, Wnt3a, Jagged1, TGFβ3, nestin, CXCL12, and Foxc1, compared with other MSCs. Interestingly, these osteo-chondrogenic DP MSCs possessed the ability to support cord blood-derived primitive human CD34-negative severe combined immunodeficiency-repopulating cells. The HSC-supportive actions of DP MSCs were partially carried out by soluble factors, including IGF-2, Wnt3a, and Jagged1. Moreover, contact between DP MSCs and CD34-positive (CD34(+) ) as well as CD34-negative (CD34(-) ) HSCs was important for the support/maintenance of the CD34(+/-) HSCs in vitro. These data suggest that DP MSCs might play an important role in the maintenance of human primitive HSCs in the BM niche. Therefore, the establishment of DP MSCs provides a new tool for the elucidation of the human HSC/niche interaction in vitro as well as in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ishibashi T, Yokota T, Tanaka H, Ichii M, Sudo T, Satoh Y, Doi Y, Ueda T, Tanimura A, Hamanaka Y, Ezoe S, Shibayama H, Oritani K, Kanakura Y. ESAM is a novel human hematopoietic stem cell marker associated with a subset of human leukemias. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:269-81.e1. [PMID: 26774386 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reliable markers are essential to increase our understanding of the biological features of human hematopoietic stem cells and to facilitate the application of hematopoietic stem cells in the field of transplantation and regenerative medicine. We previously identified endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule (ESAM) as a novel functional marker of hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Here, we found that ESAM can also be used to purify human hematopoietic stem cells from all the currently available sources (adult bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and cord blood). Multipotent colony-forming units and long-term hematopoietic-reconstituting cells in immunodeficient mice were found exclusively in the ESAM(High) fraction of CD34(+)CD38(-) cells. The CD34(+)CD38(-) fraction of cord blood and collagenase-treated bone marrow contained cells exhibiting extremely high expression of ESAM; these cells are likely to be related to the endothelial lineage. Leukemia cell lines of erythroid and megakaryocyte origin, but not those of myeloid or lymphoid descent, were ESAM positive. However, high ESAM expression was observed in some primary acute myeloid leukemia cells. Furthermore, KG-1a myeloid leukemia cells switched from ESAM negative to ESAM positive with repeated leukemia reconstitution in vivo. Thus, ESAM is a useful marker for studying both human hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ishibashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yokota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Ichii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Sudo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Lifestyle Studies, Kobe Shoin Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukiko Doi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ueda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Tanimura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Hamanaka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ezoe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Oritani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park B, Yoo KH, Kim C. Hematopoietic stem cell expansion and generation: the ways to make a breakthrough. Blood Res 2015; 50:194-203. [PMID: 26770947 PMCID: PMC4705045 DOI: 10.5045/br.2015.50.4.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first field where human stem cell therapy was successful. Flooding interest on human stem cell therapy to cure previously incurable diseases is largely indebted to HSCT success. Allogeneic HSCT has been an important modality to cure various diseases including hematologic malignancies, various non-malignant hematologic diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism, while autologous HSCT is generally performed to rescue bone marrow aplasia following high-dose chemotherapy for solid tumors or multiple myeloma. Recently, HSCs are also spotlighted in the field of regenerative medicine for the amelioration of symptoms caused by neurodegenerative diseases, heart diseases, and others. Although the demand for HSCs has been growing, their supply often fails to meet the demand of the patients needing transplant due to a lack of histocompatible donors or a limited cell number. This review focuses on the generation and large-scale expansion of HSCs, which might overcome current limitations in the application of HSCs for clinical use. Furthermore, current proof of concept to replenish hematological homeostasis from non-hematological origin will be covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Korea
| | - Keon Hee Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Korea.; Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rich IN. Improving Quality and Potency Testing for Umbilical Cord Blood: A New Perspective. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:967-73. [PMID: 26160959 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED This article critically reviews current methods to test and characterize umbilical cord blood (UCB) for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These tests include total nucleated cell (TNC) count, viability, viable CD34-positive content, and the colony-forming unit assay. It is assumed that the data obtained are sufficient to perform a UCB stem cell transplant without actually determining the quality and potency of the stem cells responsible for engraftment. This assumption has led not only to a high graft failure rate attributed to low or lack of potency, but also to noncompliance with present statutes that require UCB stem cells to be of high quality and, indeed, potency for a transplant to be successful. New evidence now calls into question the quality of the data, based on the UCB processed TNC fraction because using this impure fraction masks and significantly underestimates the functionality of the stem cells in both the segment and the unit. It is proposed that UCB units should be processed to the mononuclear cell fraction and that new cost-effective technology that measures the quality and potency of UCB stem cells be implemented to achieve better practices in UCB testing. These changes would provide the transplant physician with the assurance that the stem cells will perform as intended and would reduce risk and increase safety and efficacy for the patient. SIGNIFICANCE Current stem cell transplantation of umbilical cord blood cells requires testing that includes four basic parameters that do not determine whether the stem cells are of high quality, as required by the Stem Cell Therapeutic and Research Act of 2005. No cord blood units collected or transplanted so far have been tested for stem cell quality or potency. New scientific evidence calls into question cord blood processing and testing practices required by regulatory agencies and standards organizations. A new perspective is described that includes stem cell quality and potency testing that could reduce graft failure rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N Rich
- HemoGenix, Inc., Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Matsuoka Y, Sumide K, Kawamura H, Nakatsuka R, Fujioka T, Sasaki Y, Sonoda Y. Human cord blood-derived primitive CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are myeloid-biased long-term repopulating HSCs. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e290. [PMID: 25768404 PMCID: PMC4382663 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Sumide
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Kawamura
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan [2] Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Fujioka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Sasaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nakatsuka R, Matsuoka Y, Uemura Y, Sumide K, Iwaki R, Takahashi M, Fujioka T, Sasaki Y, Sonoda Y. Mouse Dental Pulp Stem Cells Support Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells in Vitro. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:97-113. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x674675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that specialized mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) constitute the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the bone marrow (BM), and these MSCs support/maintain the HSCs in an undifferentiated state. A number of studies have demonstrated that BM-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can support HSCs in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether nonhematopoietic tissue-derived MSC-like cells, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), have the ability to support HSCs. In this study, we prospectively isolated DPSCs from mouse mandibular incisors by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using BM-MSC markers, such as PDGFRα and Sca-1. The PDGFRα and Sca-1 double-positive DPSCs and BM-MSCs showed similar morphologies and expression patterns of MSC markers. The ability of the DPSCs to support hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) was then analyzed by an in vitro coculture system. Moreover, their HSC-supporting activity was evaluated by in vivo xenotransplantation assays using NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγcnull (NOG) mice. Interestingly, the DPSCs supported human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34-positive (CD34+), as well as CD34-negative (CD34–), HSCs. The supporting activities of DPSCs for human CB-derived CD34+ and CD34– HSCs were comparable to those of BM-MSCs. The results of the present study demonstrated, for the first time, that prospectively isolated murine PDGFRα and Sca-1 double-positive DPSCs could support primitive human CD34+ and CD34– HSCs in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sumide
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Iwaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujioka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abe T, Hanazono Y, Nagao Y. Long-term follow-up study on the engraftment of human hematopoietic stem cells in sheep. Exp Anim 2014; 63:475-81. [PMID: 25048264 PMCID: PMC4244296 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenograft models of human hematopoiesis are essential to the study of the engraftment and
proliferative potential of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vivo.
Immunodeficient mice and fetal sheep are often used as xenogeneic recipients because they
are immunologically naive. In this study, we transplanted human HSCs into fetal sheep and
assessed the long-term engraftment of transplanted human HSCs after birth. Fourteen sheep
were used in this study. In 4 fetal sheep, HSCs were transduced with homeo-box B4
(HOXB4) gene before transplantation, which promoted the expansion of
HSCs. Another 4 fetal sheep were subjected to non-myeloablative conditioning with
busulfan. Seven of these 8 sheep showed successful engraftment of human HSCs (1–3% of
colony-forming units) as assessed after the birth of fetal sheep (5 months
post-transplantation), although HOXB4-transduced HSCs showed sustained
engraftment for up to 40 months. Intact HSCs were transplanted into six non-conditioned
fetal sheep, and human colony-forming units were not detected in the sheep after birth.
These results suggest that, as compared with mouse models, where the short lifespan of
mice limits long-term follow-up of HSC engraftment, the fetal sheep model provides a
unique perspective for evaluating long-term engraftment and proliferation of human
HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sonoda Y. Human CD34-negative Hematopoietic Stem Cells. STEM CELL BIOLOGY AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1001-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
Takahashi M, Matsuoka Y, Sumide K, Nakatsuka R, Fujioka T, Kohno H, Sasaki Y, Matsui K, Asano H, Kaneko K, Sonoda Y. CD133 is a positive marker for a distinct class of primitive human cord blood-derived CD34-negative hematopoietic stem cells. Leukemia 2013; 28:1308-15. [PMID: 24189293 PMCID: PMC4051213 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of human CD34-negative (CD34(-)) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provides a new concept for the hierarchy in the human HSC compartment. Previous studies demonstrated that CD34(-) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-repopulating cells (SRCs) are a distinct class of primitive HSCs in comparison to the well-characterized CD34(+)CD38(-) SRCs. However, the purification level of rare CD34(-) SRCs in 18 lineage marker-negative (Lin(-)) CD34(-) cells (1/1000) is still very low compared with that of CD34(+)CD38(-) SRCs (1/40). As in the mouse, it will be necessary to identify useful positive markers for a high degree of purification of rare human CD34(-) SRCs. Using 18Lin(-)CD34(-) cells, we analyzed the expression of candidate positive markers by flow cytometric analysis. We finally identified CD133 as a reliable positive marker of human CB-derived CD34(-) SRCs and succeeded in highly purifying primitive human CD34(-) HSCs. The limiting dilution analysis demonstrated that the incidence of CD34(-) SRCs in 18Lin(-)CD34(-)CD133(+) cells was 1/142, which is the highest level of purification of these unique CD34(-) HSCs to date. Furthermore, CD133 expression clearly segregated the SRC activities of 18Lin(-)CD34(-) cells, as well as 18Lin(-)CD34(+) cells, in their positive fractions, indicating its functional significance as a common cell surface maker to isolate effectively both CD34(+) and CD34(-) SRCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Takahashi
- 1] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan [2] Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Sumide
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Fujioka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Kohno
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Sasaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Matsui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fukuda Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - H Asano
- School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
23
|
Abstract
Despite its complexity, blood is probably the best understood developmental system, largely due to seminal experimentation in the mouse. Clinically, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation represents the most widely deployed regenerative therapy, but human HSCs have only been characterized relatively recently. The discovery that immune-deficient mice could be engrafted with human cells provided a powerful approach for studying HSCs. We highlight 2 decades of studies focusing on isolation and molecular regulation of human HSCs, therapeutic applications, and early lineage commitment steps, and compare mouse and humanized models to identify both conserved and species-specific mechanisms that will aid future preclinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ratajczak J, Zuba-Surma E, Klich I, Liu R, Wysoczynski M, Greco N, Kucia M, Laughlin MJ, Ratajczak MZ. Hematopoietic differentiation of umbilical cord blood-derived very small embryonic/epiblast-like stem cells. Leukemia 2011; 25:1278-85. [PMID: 21483440 PMCID: PMC3135663 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A population of CD133+lin−CD45− very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) has been purified by multiparameter sorting from umbilical cord blood (UCB). In order to speed up isolation of these cells, we employed anti-CD133-conjugated paramagnetic beads followed by staining with Aldefluor to detect aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity; we subsequently sorted CD45−/GlyA−/CD133+/ALDHhigh and CD45−/GlyA−/CD133+/ALDHlow cells, which are enriched for VSELs, and CD45+/GlyA−/CD133+/ALDHhigh and CD45+/GlyA−/CD133+/ALDHlow cells, which are enriched for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). While freshly isolated CD45− VSELs did not grow hematopoietic colonies, the same cells, when activated/expanded over OP9 stromal support, acquired hematopoietic potential and grew colonies composed of CD45+ hematopoietic cells in methylcellulose cultures. We also observed that CD45−/GlyA−/CD133+/ALDHhigh VSELs grew colonies earlier than CD45−/GlyA−/CD133+/ALDHlow VSELs, which suggests that the latter cells need more time to acquire hematopoietic commitment. In support of this possibility, real-time PCR analysis confirmed that, while freshly isolated CD45−/GlyA−/CD133+/ALDHhigh VSELs express more hematopoietic transcripts (e.g., c-myb), CD45−/GlyA−/CD133+/ALDHlow VSELs exhibit higher levels of pluripotent stem cell markers (e.g., Oct-4). More importantly, hematopoietic cells derived from VSELs that were co-cultured over OP9 support were able to establish human lympho-hematopoietic chimerism in lethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice 4–6 weeks after transplantation. Overall, our data suggest that UCB-VSELs correspond to the most primitive population of HSPCs in UCB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|