1
|
Xiao S, Chen H, Bai Y, Zhang ZY, Liu Y. Targeting PRL phosphatases in hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:259-271. [PMID: 38653737 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2344695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) family proteins, also known as protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A (PTP4A), have been implicated in many types of cancers. The PRL family of phosphatases consists of three members, PRL1, PRL2, and PRL3. PRLs have been shown to harbor oncogenic potentials and are highly expressed in a variety of cancers. Given their roles in cancer progression and metastasis, PRLs are potential targets for anticancer therapies. However, additional studies are needed to be performed to fully understand the roles of PRLs in blood cancers. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will summarize recent studies of PRLs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, the role of PRLs in regulating various signaling pathways, and the therapeutic potentials of targeting PRLs in hematological malignancies. We will also discuss how to improve current PRL inhibitors for cancer treatment. EXPERT OPINION Although PRL inhibitors show promising therapeutic effects in preclinical studies of different types of cancers, moving PRL inhibitors from bench to bedside is still challenging. More potent and selective PRL inhibitors are needed to target PRLs in hematological malignancies and improve treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hongxia Chen
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith CN, Kihn K, Williamson ZA, Chow KM, Hersh LB, Korotkov KV, Deredge D, Blackburn JS. Development and characterization of nanobodies that specifically target the oncogenic Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 (PRL-3) and impact its interaction with a known binding partner, CNNM3. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285964. [PMID: 37220097 PMCID: PMC10204944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 (PRL-3) is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. The mechanisms that drive PRL-3's oncogenic functions are not well understood, partly due to a lack of research tools available to study this protein. We have begun to address these issues by developing alpaca-derived single domain antibodies, or nanobodies, targeting PRL-3 with a KD of 30-300 nM and no activity towards highly homologous family members PRL-1 and PRL-2. We found that longer and charged N-terminal tags on PRL-3, such as GFP and FLAG, changed PRL-3 localization compared to untagged protein, indicating that the nanobodies may provide new insights into PRL-3 trafficking and function. The nanobodies perform equally, if not better, than commercially available antibodies in immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Finally, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) showed that the nanobodies bind partially within the PRL-3 active site and can interfere with PRL-3 phosphatase activity. Co-immunoprecipitation with a known PRL-3 active site binding partner, the CBS domain of metal transporter CNNM3, showed that the nanobodies reduced the amount of PRL-3:CBS inter-action. The potential of blocking this interaction is highly relevant in cancer, as multiple research groups have shown that PRL-3 binding to CNNM proteins is sufficient to promote metastatic growth in mouse models. The anti-PRL-3 nanobodies represent an important expansion of the research tools available to study PRL-3 function and can be used to define the role of PRL-3 in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline N. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Kyle Kihn
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zachary A. Williamson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - K. Martin Chow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Louis B. Hersh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Konstantin V. Korotkov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Daniel Deredge
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jessica S. Blackburn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li CJ, Tsai HW, Chen YL, Wang CI, Lin YH, Chu PM, Chi HC, Huang YC, Chen CY. Cisplatin or Doxorubicin Reduces Cell Viability via the PTPIVA3-JAK2-STAT3 Cascade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:123-138. [PMID: 36741246 PMCID: PMC9896975 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s385238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 80% of all liver cancers and is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related death in Taiwan. Various factors, including rapid cell growth, a high recurrence rate and drug resistance, make HCC difficult to cure. Moreover, the survival rate of advanced HCC patients treated with systemic chemotherapy remains unsatisfactory. Hence, the identification of novel molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in HCC and the development more effective therapeutic regimens are desperately needed. Methods An MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability after cisplatin or doxorubicin treatment. Western blotting, qRT‒PCR and immunohistochemistry were utilized to examine the protein tyrosine phosphatase IVA3 (PTP4A3) level and associated signaling pathways. ELISA was utilized to analyze the levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 influenced by cisplatin, doxorubicin and PTP4A3 silencing. Results In this study, we found that PTP4A3 in the cisplatin/doxorubicin-resistant microarray was closely associated with the overall and recurrence-free survival rates of HCC patients. Cisplatin or doxorubicin significantly reduced cell viability and decreased PTP4A3 expression in hepatoma cells. IL-6 secretion increased with cisplatin or doxorubicin treatment and after PTP4A3 silencing. Furthermore, PTP4A3 was highly expressed in tumor tissues versus adjacent normal tissues from HCC patients. In addition, we evaluated the IL-6-associated signaling pathway involving STAT3 and JAK2, and the levels of p-STAT3, p-JAK2, STAT3 and JAK2 were obviously reduced with cisplatin or doxorubicin treatment in HCC cells using Western blotting and were also decreased after silencing PTP4A3. Collectively, we suggest that cisplatin or doxorubicin decreases HCC cell viability via downregulation of PTP4A3 expression through the IL-6R-JAK2-STAT3 cascade. Discussion Therefore, emerging evidence provides a deep understanding of the roles of PTP4A3 in HCC cisplatin/doxorubicin chemoresistance, which can be applied to develop early diagnosis strategies and reveal prognostic factors to establish novel targeted therapeutics to specifically treat HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jen Li
- Department of General & Gastroenterological Surgery, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Correspondence: Cheng-Yi Chen, Tel/Fax +886-6-2353535#5329, Email
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biological Hallmarks and Emerging Strategies to Target STAT3 Signaling in Multiple Myeloma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060941. [PMID: 35326392 PMCID: PMC8946161 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, characterized by an abnormal accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a cytoplasmic transcription factor that modulates the transcription of multiple genes to regulate various principal biological functions, for example, cell proliferation and survival, stemness, inflammation and immune responses. Aberrant STAT3 activation has been identified as a key driver of tumorigenesis in many types of cancers, including MM. Herein, we summarize the current evidence for the role of STAT3 in affecting cancer hallmark traits by: (1) sustaining MM cell survival and proliferation, (2) regulating tumor microenvironment, (3) inducing immunosuppression. We also provide an update of different strategies for targeting STAT3 in MM with special emphasis on JAK inhibitors that are currently undergoing clinical trials. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future direction of understanding STAT3 signaling in MM biology and the clinical development of STAT3 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vandsemb EN, Rye MB, Steiro IJ, Elsaadi S, Rø TB, Slørdahl TS, Sponaas AM, Børset M, Abdollahi P. PRL-3 induces a positive signaling circuit between glycolysis and activation of STAT1/2. FEBS J 2021; 288:6700-6715. [PMID: 34092011 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy resulting from the clonal expansion of plasma cells. MM cells are interacting with components of the bone marrow microenvironment such as cytokines to survive and proliferate. Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3, a cytokine-induced oncogenic phosphatase, is highly expressed in myeloma patients and is a mediator of metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. To find novel pathways and genes regulated by PRL-3, we characterized the global transcriptional response to PRL-3 overexpression in two MM cell lines. We used pathway enrichment analysis to identify pathways regulated by PRL-3. We further confirmed the hits from the enrichment analysis with in vitro experiments and investigated their function. We found that PRL-3 induced expression of genes belonging to the type 1 interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway due to activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT2. This activation was independent of autocrine IFN-I secretion. The increase in STAT1 and STAT2 did not result in any of the common consequences of increased IFN-I or STAT1 signaling in cancer. Knockdown of STAT1/2 did not affect the viability of the cells, but decreased PRL-3-induced glycolysis. Interestingly, glucose metabolism contributed to the activation of STAT1 and STAT2 and expression of IFN-I-stimulated genes in PRL-3-overexpressing cells. In summary, we describe a novel signaling circuit where the key IFN-I-activated transcription factors STAT1 and STAT2 are important drivers of the increase in glycolysis induced by PRL-3. Subsequently, increased glycolysis regulates the IFN-I-stimulated genes by augmenting the activation of STAT1/2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esten Nymoen Vandsemb
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Morten Beck Rye
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Biocore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ida Johnsen Steiro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Samah Elsaadi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Bade Rø
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Schmidt Slørdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Norway
| | - Pegah Abdollahi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jasek-Gajda E, Jurkowska H, JasiŃska M, Litwin JA, Lis GJ. Combination of ERK2 and STAT3 Inhibitors Promotes Anticancer Effects on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:517-527. [PMID: 32859630 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Deregulated activation of signaling through the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways is involved in numerous hematological malignancies, making it an attractive therapeutic target. This study aimed to assess the effect of the combination of ERK2 inhibitor VX-11e and STAT3 inhibitor STA-21 on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines REH and MOLT-4. MATERIALS AND METHODS REH and MOLT-4 cell lines were cultured with each drug alone and in combination. Cell viability, ERK activity, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and oxidative stress induction were assessed by flow cytometry. Protein levels of STAT3, phospho-STAT3, protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 (PTP4A3), survivin, p53 and p21 were determined by western blotting. RESULTS VX-11e in combination with STA-21 significantly inhibited cell viability, induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest, enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, and induced apoptosis. These effects were associated with an increased level of p21 protein in REH cells and with reduced levels of phopho-STAT3, survivin and PTP4A3 proteins in MOLT-4 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a rationale for combined inhibition of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and STAT3 pathways in order to enhance anticancer effects against acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jasek-Gajda
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Halina Jurkowska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - MaŁgorzata JasiŃska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan A Litwin
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz J Lis
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chong PSY, Chooi JY, Lim JSL, Toh SHM, Tan TZ, Chng WJ. SMARCA2 Is a Novel Interactor of NSD2 and Regulates Prometastatic PTP4A3 through Chromatin Remodeling in t(4;14) Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2332-2344. [PMID: 33602783 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NSD2 is the primary oncogenic driver in t(4;14) multiple myeloma. Using SILAC-based mass spectrometry, we demonstrate a novel role of NSD2 in chromatin remodeling through its interaction with the SWI/SNF ATPase subunit SMARCA2. SMARCA2 was primarily expressed in t(4;14) myeloma cells, and its interaction with NSD2 was noncanonical and independent of the SWI/SNF complex. RNA sequencing identified PTP4A3 as a downstream target of NSD2 and mapped NSD2-SMARCA2 complex on PTP4A3 promoter. This led to a focal increase in the permissive H3K36me2 mark and transcriptional activation of PTP4A3. High levels of PTP4A3 maintained MYC expression and correlated with a 54-gene MYC signature in t(4;14) multiple myeloma. Importantly, this mechanism was druggable by targeting the bromodomain of SMARCA2 using the specific BET inhibitor PFI-3, leading to the displacement of NSD2 from PTP4A3 promoter and inhibiting t(4;14) myeloma cell viability. In vivo, treatment with PFI-3 reduced the growth of t(4;14) xenograft tumors. Together, our study reveals an interplay between histone-modifying enzymes and chromatin remodelers in the regulation of myeloma-specific genes that can be clinically intervened. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers a novel, SWI/SNF-independent interaction between SMARCA2 and NSD2 that facilitates chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation of oncogenes in t(4;14) multiple myeloma, revealing a therapeutic vulnerability targetable by BET inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jing Yuan Chooi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia S L Lim
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Hui Min Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. .,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Heamatology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu J, Wu W, Tang Y, Lin Y, Xue Y, Hu J, Lin D. PRL-3 exerts oncogenic functions in myeloid leukemia cells via aberrant dephosphorylation of stathmin and activation of STAT3 signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7817-7829. [PMID: 31546234 PMCID: PMC6781976 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
PRL-3, an oncogenic dual-specificity phosphatase, is overexpressed in 50% of acute myeloid leukemia patients. Stathmin has been identified as a downstream target of PRL-3 in colorectal cancer. However, the correlation between PRL-3 and stathmin in myeloid leukemia is unclear. In this study, we revealed the positive correlation between PRL-3 and stathmin in myeloid leukemia. Knockdown of the PRL-3 gene by shRNA reduced the expression of downstream stathmin, suppressed cell proliferation, induced G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis, and inhibited migration and invasion in myeloid leukemia cells. Moreover, our study was the first to provide evidence that silencing PRL-3 increased the phosphorylation level in Ser16, Ser25, Ser38, and Ser63 of stathmin, and in turn inhibited the STAT3 and STAT5 signaling in myeloid leukemia cells. This evidence points to a promoted role for PRL-3 in the progression of myeloid leukemia, and PRL-3 could be a possible new treatment target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou 362011, Fujian, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yanfeng Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Donghong Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chong PSY, Zhou J, Lim JSL, Hee YT, Chooi JY, Chung TH, Tan ZT, Zeng Q, Waller DD, Sebag M, Chng WJ. IL6 Promotes a STAT3-PRL3 Feedforward Loop via SHP2 Repression in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4679-4688. [PMID: 31337650 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of PRL-3, an oncogenic phosphatase, was identified as a novel cluster in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. However, the regulation and oncogenic activities of PRL-3 in multiple myeloma warrant further investigation. Here, we report that IL6 activates STAT3, which acts as a direct transcriptional regulator of PRL-3. Upregulation of PRL-3 increased myeloma cell viability and rephosphorylated STAT3 in a biphasic manner through direct interaction and deactivation of SHP2, thus blocking the gp130 (Y759)-mediated repression of STAT3 activity. Abrogation of PRL-3 reduced myeloma cell survival, clonogenicity, and tumorigenesis, and detailed mechanistic studies revealed "deactivation" of effector proteins such as Akt, Erk1/2, Src, STAT1, and STAT3. Furthermore, loss of PRL-3 efficiently abolished nuclear localization of STAT3 and reduced its occupancy on the promoter of target genes c-Myc and Mcl-1, and antiapoptotic genes Bcl2 and Bcl-xL. PRL-3 also played a role in the acquired resistance of myeloma cells to bortezomib, which could be overcome by PRL-3 silencing. Of clinical relevance, STAT3 and PRL-3 expression was positively correlated in five independent cohorts, and the STAT3 activation signature was significantly enriched in patients with high PRL-3 expression. Furthermore, PRL-3 could be used as a biomarker to identify high-risk patients with multiple myeloma that exhibited poor prognosis and inferior outcome even when treated with novel combinational therapeutics (proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory imide drugs). Conclusively, our results support a feedforward mechanism between STAT3 and PRL-3 that prolongs prosurvival signaling in multiple myeloma, and suggest targeting PRL-3 as a valid therapeutic opportunity in multiple myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE: IL6 promotes STAT3-dependent transcriptional upregulation of PRL-3, which in turn re-phosphorylates STAT3 and aberrantly activates STAT3 target genes, leading to bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julia S L Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ting Hee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Chooi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tae-Hoon Chung
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zea Tuan Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Daniel D Waller
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael Sebag
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.,National University Health System, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chong PSY, Chng WJ, de Mel S. STAT3: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050731. [PMID: 31130718 PMCID: PMC6562880 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy for which novel treatment options are required. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) overexpression in MM appears to be mediated by a variety of factors including interleukin-6 signaling and downregulation of Src homology phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). STAT3 overexpression in MM is associated with an adverse prognosis and may play a role in microenvironment-dependent treatment resistance. In addition to its pro-proliferative role, STAT3 upregulates anti-apoptotic proteins and leads to microRNA dysregulation in MM. Phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) is an oncogenic phosphatase which is upregulated by STAT3. PRL-3 itself promotes STAT-3 phosphorylation resulting in a positive feedback loop. PRL-3 is overexpressed in a subset of MM patients and may cooperate with STAT3 to promote survival of MM cells. Indirectly targeting STAT3 via JAK (janus associated kinase) inhibition has shown promise in early clinical trials. Specific inhibitors of STAT3 showed in vitro efficacy but have failed in clinical trials while several STAT3 inhibitors derived from herbs have been shown to induce apoptosis of MM cells in vitro. Optimising the pharmacokinetic profiles of novel STAT3 inhibitors and identifying how best to combine these agents with existing anti-myeloma therapy are key questions to be addressed in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis S Y Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Sanjay de Mel
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hardy S, Kostantin E, Hatzihristidis T, Zolotarov Y, Uetani N, Tremblay ML. Physiological and oncogenic roles of thePRLphosphatases. FEBS J 2018; 285:3886-3908. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Hardy
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
| | - Elie Kostantin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Teri Hatzihristidis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Medicine Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Yevgen Zolotarov
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Noriko Uetani
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre Montréal Canada
- Department of Biochemistry McGill University Montréal Canada
- Department of Medicine Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McQueeney KE, Salamoun JM, Ahn JG, Pekic P, Blanco IK, Struckman HL, Sharlow ER, Wipf P, Lazo JS. A chemical genetics approach identifies PTP4A3 as a regulator of colon cancer cell adhesion. FASEB J 2018; 32:5661-5673. [PMID: 29746167 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701446r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the tightly controlled protein phosphorylation networks that govern cellular behavior causes cancer. The membrane-associated, intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP4A3 is overexpressed in human colorectal cancer and contributes to cell migration and invasion. To interrogate further the role of PTP4A3 in colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion, we deleted the Ptp4a3 gene from murine colorectal tumor cells. The resulting PTP4A3-/- cells exhibited impaired colony formation, spheroid formation, migration, and adherence compared with the paired PTP4A3fl/fl cells. We replicated these phenotypic changes using the new small-molecule, allosteric PTP4A3 inhibitor JMS-053. A related structure, JMS-038, which lacked phosphatase inhibition, displayed no cellular activity. Reduction in cell viability and colony formation by JMS-053 occurred in both mouse and human colorectal cell lines and required PTP4A3 expression. Ptp4a3 deletion increased the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) and adhesion genes, including the tumor suppressor Emilin 1. JMS-053 also increased Emilin 1 gene expression. Moreover, The Cancer Genome Atlas genomic database revealed human colorectal tumors with high Ptp4a3 expression had low Emilin 1 expression. These chemical and biologic reagents reveal a previously unknown communication between the intracellular PTP4A3 phosphatase and the ECM and support efforts to pharmacologically target PTP4A3.-McQueeney, K. E., Salamoun, J. M., Ahn J. G., Pekic, P., Blanco, I. K., Struckman, H. L., Sharlow, E. R., Wipf, P., Lazo, J. S. A chemical genetics approach identifies PTP4A3 as a regulator of colon cancer cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelley E McQueeney
- Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer G Ahn
- Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paula Pekic
- Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Isabella K Blanco
- Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather L Struckman
- Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John S Lazo
- Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi Y, Zhang Z, Qu X, Zhu X, Zhao L, Wei R, Guo Q, Sun L, Yin X, Zhang Y, Li X. Roles of STAT3 in leukemia (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:7-20. [PMID: 29749432 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a type of hematopoietic malignancy, and the incidence rate in the United States and European Union increases by an average of 0.6 to 0.7% annually. The incidence rate in China is approximately 5.17/100,000 individuals, and the mortality rate is 3.94/100,000 individuals. Leukemia is the most common tumor affecting children and adults under 35 years of age, and is one of the major diseases leading to the death of adolescents. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a vital regulatory factor of signal transduction and transcriptional activation, and once activated, the phosphorylated form of STAT3 (p-STAT3) is transferred into the nucleus to regulate the transcription of target genes, and plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other physiological processes. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that the abnormal activation of STAT3 is involved in the development of tumors. In this review, the roles of STAT3 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of leukemia are discussed in the aspects of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, with the aim to further clarify the roles of STAT3 in leukemia, and shed light into possible novel targets and strategies for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Ran Wei
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Sun
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xunqiang Yin
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hjort MA, Hov H, Abdollahi P, Vandsemb EN, Fagerli UM, Lund B, Slørdahl TS, Børset M, Rø TB. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is overexpressed in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and promotes survival and migration. Exp Hematol Oncol 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 29651360 PMCID: PMC5894150 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-018-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is implicated in oncogenesis of hematological and solid cancers. PRL-3 expression increases metastatic potential, invasiveness and is associated with poor prognosis. With this study, we aimed to show a possible oncogenic role of PRL-3 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Methods PRL-3 expression was measured in 25 cHL patients by immunohistochemistry and gene expression was analyzed from microdissected malignant cells. We knocked down PRL-3 in the cHL cell lines L1236 and HDLM2 and used small molecular inhibitors against PRL-3 to investigate proliferation, migration and cytokine production. Results PRL-3 protein was expressed in 16% of patient samples. In three different gene expression datasets, PRL-3 was significantly overexpressed compared to normal controls. PRL-3 knockdown reduced proliferation, viability and Mcl-1 expression in L1236, but not in HDLM2 cells. Thienopyridone, a small molecule inhibitor of PRL-3, reduced proliferation of both L1236 and HDLM2. PRL-3 affected IL-13 secretion and enhanced STAT6 signaling. IL-13 stimulation partially rescued proliferation in L1236 cells after knockdown of PRL-3. PRL-3 knockdown reduced migration in both L1236 and HDLM2 cells. Conclusion PRL-3 was overexpressed in a subset of cHL patients. Inhibition of PRL-3 increased IL-13 cytokine production and reduced migration, proliferation and viability. The effects could be mediated through regulation of the anti-apoptotic molecule Mcl-1 and a feedback loop of IL-13 mediated activation of STAT6. This point to a role for PRL-3 in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma, and PRL-3 could be a possible new drug target. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40164-018-0100-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Aassved Hjort
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,2Children's Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håkon Hov
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,3Department of Pathology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pegah Abdollahi
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,2Children's Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten Nymoen Vandsemb
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,2Children's Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Unn-Merete Fagerli
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,4Cancer Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik Lund
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,2Children's Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Schmidt Slørdahl
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,5Department of Hematology, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,6Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Baade Rø
- 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, (NTNU), P.O. Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,2Children's Clinic, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Phosphatase of regenerating liver maintains cellular magnesium homeostasis. Biochem J 2018; 475:1129-1139. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL) is highly expressed in malignant cancers and promotes cancer progression. Recent studies have suggested its functional relationship with Mg2+, but the importance and molecular details of this relationship remain unknown. Here, we report that PRL expression is regulated by Mg2+ and PRL protects cells from apoptosis under Mg2+-depleted conditions. When cultured cells were subjected to Mg2+ depletion, endogenous PRL protein levels increased significantly. siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous PRL did not significantly affect cell proliferation under normal culture conditions, but it increased cell death after Mg2+ depletion. Imaging analyses with a fluorescent probe for Mg2+ showed that PRL knockdown severely reduced intracellular Mg2+ levels, indicating a role for PRL in maintaining intracellular Mg2+. We also examined the mechanism of augmented expression of PRL proteins and found that PRL mRNA transcription was stimulated by Mg2+ depletion. A series of analyses revealed the activation and the crucial importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 in this process. Collectively, these results implicate PRL in maintaining cellular Mg2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hjort MA, Abdollahi P, Vandsemb EN, Fenstad MH, Lund B, Slørdahl TS, Børset M, Rø TB. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 is expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and mediates leukemic cell adhesion, migration and drug resistance. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3549-3561. [PMID: 29423065 PMCID: PMC5790482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3/PTP4A3) is upregulated in multiple cancers, including BCR-ABL1- and ETV6-RUNX-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). With this study, we aim to characterize the biological role of PRL-3 in B cell ALL (B-ALL). Here, we demonstrate that PRL-3 expression at mRNA and protein level was higher in B-ALL cells than in normal cells, as measured by qRT-PCR or flow cytometry. Further, we demonstrate that inhibition of PRL-3 using shRNA or a small molecular inhibitor reduced cell migration towards an SDF-1α gradient in the preB-ALL cell lines Reh and MHH-CALL-4. Knockdown of PRL-3 also reduced cell adhesion towards fibronectin in Reh cells. Mechanistically, PRL-3 mediated SDF-1α stimulated calcium release, and activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src, important effectors of migration and adhesion. Finally, PRL-3 expression made Reh cells more resistance to cytarabine treatment. In conclusion, the expression level of PRL-3 was higher in B-ALL cells than in normal cells. PRL-3 promoted adhesion, migration and resistance to cytarabine. PRL-3 may represent a novel target in the treatment of B-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus A Hjort
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pegah Abdollahi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Esten N Vandsemb
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mona H Fenstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik Lund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias S Slørdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magne Børset
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein B Rø
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Children's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lian S, Meng L, Yang Y, Ma T, Xing X, Feng Q, Song Q, Liu C, Tian Z, Qu L, Shou C. PRL-3 promotes telomere deprotection and chromosomal instability. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:6546-6571. [PMID: 28482095 PMCID: PMC5499835 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL-3) promotes cell invasiveness, but its role in genomic integrity remains unknown. We report here that shelterin component RAP1 mediates association between PRL-3 and TRF2. In addition, TRF2 and RAP1 assist recruitment of PRL-3 to telomeric DNA. Silencing of PRL-3 in colon cancer cells does not affect telomere integrity or chromosomal stability, but induces reactive oxygen species-dependent DNA damage response and senescence. However, overexpression of PRL-3 in colon cancer cells and primary fibroblasts promotes structural abnormalities of telomeres, telomere deprotection, DNA damage response, chromosomal instability and senescence. Furthermore, PRL-3 dissociates RAP1 and TRF2 from telomeric DNA in vitro and in cells. PRL-3-promoted telomere deprotection, DNA damage response and senescence are counteracted by disruption of PRL-3–RAP1 complex or expression of ectopic TRF2. Examination of clinical samples showed that PRL-3 status positively correlates with telomere deprotection and senescence. PRL-3 transgenic mice exhibit hallmarks of telomere deprotection and senescence and are susceptible to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colon malignancy. Our results uncover a novel role of PRL-3 in tumor development through its adverse impact on telomere homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Lian
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yongyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qian Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhihua Tian
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Regulatory mechanisms of phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1305-1312. [PMID: 27911713 PMCID: PMC5095905 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL)-3 is overexpressed in many human cancer types and tumor metastases when compared with healthy tissues. Different pathways and mechanisms have been suggested to modulate PRL-3 expression levels and activity, giving some valuable insights but still leaving an incomplete picture. Investigating these mechanisms could provide new targets for therapeutic drug development. Here, we present an updated overview and summarize recent findings concerning the different PRL-3 expression regulatory mechanisms and posttranslational modifications suggested to modulate the activity, localization, or stability of this phosphatase.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li XL, Zhou J, Chan ZL, Chooi JY, Chen ZR, Chng WJ. PRIMA-1met (APR-246) inhibits growth of colorectal cancer cells with different p53 status through distinct mechanisms. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36689-99. [PMID: 26452133 PMCID: PMC4742204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PRIMA-1met (APR-246) is a methylated derivative and structural analog of PRIMA-1 (p53 re-activation and induction of massive apoptosis). PRIMA-1met has been reported to restore both the wild type (wt) structure and function of mutant p53. Here, we show that PRIMA-1met is highly effective at limiting the growth of CRC cells regardless of p53 status. However, PRIMA-1met induces robust apoptosis only in CRC cells with mutant p53. Upregulation of Noxa, a proapoptotic molecule, is crucial for PRIMA-1met mediated activity. In human xenograft model of disease, PRIMA-1met effectively suppresses CRC tumor growth. Our results uncover distinct mechanisms of PRIMA-1met in CRC with different p53 status, thus providing a mechanistic rationale to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PRIMA-1met in CRC patients with different p53 status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (Eastern), Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215001, P.R. China
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zit-Liang Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Chooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhi-Rong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (Eastern), Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215001, P.R. China
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou J, Chan ZL, Bi C, Lu X, Chong PSY, Chooi JY, Cheong LL, Liu SC, Ching YQ, Zhou Y, Osato M, Tan TZ, Ng CH, Ng SB, Wang S, Zeng Q, Chng WJ. LIN28B Activation by PRL-3 Promotes Leukemogenesis and a Stem Cell-like Transcriptional Program in AML. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:294-303. [PMID: 28011885 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0275-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PRL-3 (PTP4A3), a metastasis-associated phosphatase, is also upregulated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is associated with poor prognosis, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, constitutive expression of PRL-3 in human AML cells sustains leukemogenesis in vitro and in vivo Furthermore, PRL-3 phosphatase activity dependently upregulates LIN28B, a stem cell reprogramming factor, which in turn represses the let-7 mRNA family, inducing a stem cell-like transcriptional program. Notably, elevated levels of LIN28B protein independently associate with worse survival in AML patients. Thus, these results establish a novel signaling axis involving PRL-3/LIN28B/let-7, which confers stem cell-like properties to leukemia cells that is important for leukemogenesis.Implications: The current study offers a rationale for targeting PRL-3 as a therapeutic approach for a subset of AML patients with poor prognosis. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 294-303. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zit-Liang Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chonglei Bi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiao Lu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Phyllis S Y Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing-Yuan Chooi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lip-Lee Cheong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shaw-Cheng Liu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ying Qing Ching
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yafeng Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chin Hin Ng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Qi Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xing C, Lu XX, Guo PD, Shen T, Zhang S, He XS, Gan WJ, Li XM, Wang JR, Zhao YY, Wu H, Li JM. Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 4-Mediated Deubiquitination and Stabilization of PRL-3 Is Required for Potentiating Colorectal Oncogenesis. Cancer Res 2015; 76:83-95. [PMID: 26669864 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific protease 4 (USP4) is a deubiquitinating enzyme with key roles in the regulation of p53 and TGFβ signaling, suggesting its importance in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms and regulatory roles of USP4 in cancer, including colorectal cancer, remain largely elusive. Here, we present the first evidence that USP4 regulates the growth, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer. USP4 expression was significantly elevated in colorectal cancer tissues and was significantly associated with tumor size, differentiation, distant metastasis, and poor survival. Knockdown of USP4 diminished colorectal cancer cell growth, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Importantly, we found that phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is indispensable for USP4-mediated oncogenic activity in colorectal cancer. Mechanistically, we observed that USP4 interacted with and stabilized PRL-3 via deubiquitination. This resulted in activation of Akt and reduction of E-cadherin, critical regulators of cancer cell growth and metastasis. Examination of clinical samples confirmed that USP4 expression positively correlates with PRL-3 protein expression, but not mRNA transcript levels. Taken together, our results demonstrate that aberrant expression of USP4 contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer and reveal a critical mechanism underlying USP4-mediated oncogenic activity. These observations suggest that the potential of harnessing proteolytic degradation processes for therapeutic manipulation may offer a much-needed new approach for improving colorectal cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xing
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Xing Lu
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng-Da Guo
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Juan Gan
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Li
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Pathology Center and Department of Pathology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|