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Trial Watch: Adoptive TCR-Engineered T-Cell Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184519. [PMID: 34572745 PMCID: PMC8469736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of blood cancer with an extremely grim prognosis. This is due to the fact that the majority of patients will relapse after frontline treatment. Overall survival of relapsed AML is very low, and treatment options are few. T lymphocytes harnessed with antitumor T-cell receptors (TCRs) can produce objective clinical responses in certain cancers, such as melanoma, but have not entered the main road for AML. In this review, we describe the current status of the field of TCR-T-cell therapies for AML. Abstract Despite the advent of novel therapies, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains associated with a grim prognosis. This is exemplified by 5-year overall survival rates not exceeding 30%. Even with frontline high-intensity chemotherapy regimens and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the majority of patients with AML will relapse. For these patients, treatment options are few, and novel therapies are urgently needed. Adoptive T-cell therapies represent an attractive therapeutic avenue due to the intrinsic ability of T lymphocytes to recognize tumor cells with high specificity and efficiency. In particular, T-cell therapies focused on introducing T-cell receptors (TCRs) against tumor antigens have achieved objective clinical responses in solid tumors such as synovial sarcoma and melanoma. However, contrary to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells with groundbreaking results in B-cell malignancies, the use of TCR-T cells for hematological malignancies is still in its infancy. In this review, we provide an overview of the status and clinical advances in adoptive TCR-T-cell therapy for the treatment of AML.
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Wang S, Kong P, Su Y, Hu J, Jiang M, Bai H, Lang T, Wang J, Liu L, Yang T, Huang X, Liu F, Lou S, Liu Y, Zhang C, Liu H, Gao L, Liu J, Zhu L, Wen Q, Chen T, Wang P, Rao J, Mao M, Wang C, Duan X, Luo L, Peng X, Cassady K, Zhong JF, Zhang X. Effect of rhG-CSF Combined With Decitabine Prophylaxis on Relapse of Patients With High-Risk MRD-Negative AML After HSCT: An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:4249-4259. [PMID: 33108244 PMCID: PMC7768335 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapse is a major cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (HR-AML). The aim of this study was to explore the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) combined with minimal-dose decitabine (Dec) on the prevention of HR-AML relapse after allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanbin Wang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Kunming Military Region of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Kunming, China
| | - Peiyan Kong
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Su
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of the PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hai Bai
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region of the PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Lang
- Department of Hematology, Xinjiang Provincial People's Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yunnan Provincial People's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region of the PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Shifeng Lou
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Gao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Rao
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Mao
- Department of Hematology, Xinjiang Provincial People's Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Cunbang Wang
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region of the PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xianlin Duan
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Le Luo
- Department of Hematology, General Hospital of Kunming Military Region of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Kunming, China
| | - Xiangui Peng
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaniel Cassady
- Departments of Diabetes Immunology and Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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A minority of T cells recognizing tumor-associated antigens presented in self-HLA can provoke antitumor reactivity. Blood 2020; 136:455-467. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are monomorphic self-antigens that are proposed as targets for immunotherapeutic approaches to treat malignancies. We investigated whether T cells with sufficient avidity to recognize naturally overexpressed self-antigens in the context of self-HLA can be found in the T-cell repertoire of healthy donors. Minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA)-specific T cells were used as a model, as the influence of thymic selection on the T-cell repertoire directed against MiHA can be studied in both self (MiHApos donors) and non-self (MiHAneg donors) backgrounds. T-cell clones directed against the HLA*02:01-restricted MiHA HA-1H were isolated from HA-1Hneg/HLA-A*02:01pos and HA-1Hpos/HLA-A*02:01pos donors. Of the 16 unique HA-1H–specific T-cell clones, five T-cell clones derived from HA-1Hneg/HLA-A*02:01pos donors and one T-cell clone derived from an HA-1Hpos/HLA-A*02:01pos donor showed reactivity against HA-1Hpos target cells. In addition, in total, 663 T-cell clones (containing at least 91 unique clones expressing different T-cell receptors) directed against HLA*02:01-restricted peptides of TAA WT1-RMF, RHAMM-ILS, proteinase-3-VLQ, PRAME-VLD, and NY-eso-1-SLL were isolated from HLA-A*02:01pos donors. Only 3 PRAME-VLD–specific and one NY-eso-1-SLL–specific T-cell clone provoked interferon-γ production and/or cytolysis upon stimulation with HLA-A*02:01pos malignant cell lines (but not primary malignant samples) naturally overexpressing the TAA. These results show that self-HLA–restricted T cells specific for self-antigens such as MiHA in MiHApos donors and TAAs are present in peripheral blood of healthy individuals. However, clinical efficacy would require highly effective in vivo priming by peptide vaccination in the presence of proper adjuvants or in vitro expansion of the low numbers of self-antigen–specific T cells of sufficient avidity to recognize endogenously processed antigen.
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