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Castro R, Navelsaker S, Krasnov A, Du Pasquier L, Boudinot P. Describing the diversity of Ag specific receptors in vertebrates: Contribution of repertoire deep sequencing. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 75:28-37. [PMID: 28259700 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, gene and cDNA cloning identified TCR and Ig genes across vertebrates; genome sequencing of TCR and Ig loci in many species revealed the different organizations selected during evolution under the pressure of generating diverse repertoires of Ag receptors. By detecting clonotypes over a wide range of frequency, deep sequencing of Ig and TCR transcripts provides a new way to compare the structure of expressed repertoires in species of various sizes, at different stages of development, with different physiologies, and displaying multiple adaptations to the environment. In this review, we provide a short overview of the technologies currently used to produce global description of immune repertoires, describe how they have already been used in comparative immunology, and we discuss the future potential of such approaches. The development of these methodologies in new species holds promise for new discoveries concerning particular adaptations. As an example, understanding the development of adaptive immunity across metamorphosis in frogs has been made possible by such approaches. Repertoire sequencing is now widely used, not only in basic research but also in the context of immunotherapy and vaccination. Analysis of fish responses to pathogens and vaccines has already benefited from these methods. Finally, we also discuss potential advances based on repertoire sequencing of multigene families of immune sensors and effectors in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofie Navelsaker
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Adamstuen Campus, Oslo 0454, Norway; Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Decreased Frequency of Circulating Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein B Lymphocytes in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:673503. [PMID: 26090495 PMCID: PMC4452172 DOI: 10.1155/2015/673503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is no evidence for a role of anti-MOG antibodies in adult MS, no information on B lymphocytes with MOG-committed BCR is available. We report here on the frequency of anti-MOG B cells forming rosettes with polystyrene beads (BBR) covalently bound to the extracellular domain of rhMOG in 38 relapsing-remitting patients (RRMS) and 50 healthy individuals (HI). We show a substantial proportion of circulating anti-MOG-BBR in both RRMS and HI. Strikingly, MOG-specific B cells frequencies were lower in MS than in HI. Anti-MOG antibodies measured by a cell-based assay were not different between MS patients and controls, suggesting a specific alteration of anti-MOG B cells in MS. Although anti-MOG-BBR were higher in CNS fluid than in blood, no difference was observed between MS and controls. Lower frequency of MOG-BBR in MS was not explained by an increased apoptosis, but a trend for lower proliferative capacity was noted. Despite an efficient B cell transmigration across brain derived endothelial cells, total and anti-MOG B cells transmigration was similar between MS and HI. The striking alteration in MOG-specific B cells, independent of anti-MOG antibody titers, challenges our view on the role of MOG-specific B cells in MS.
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Lévêque X, Nerrière-Daguin V, Neveu I, Naveilhan P. Pig Neural Cells Derived from Foetal Mesencephalon as Cell Source for Intracerebral Xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2012; 885:233-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-845-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Smith C, Miles JJ, Khanna R. Advances in direct T-cell alloreactivity: function, avidity, biophysics and structure. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:15-26. [PMID: 22152064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although T-cell-based adaptive immunity plays a crucial role in protection against infectious pathogens and uncontrolled outgrowth of malignant cells, a large portion of these T cells are also capable of responding to allogeneic HLA molecules, violating the paradigm of self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. Recent studies have provided insights into the mechanisms by which these T cells recognize allogeneic targets. The role of antiviral T cells in direct alloreactivity through peptide-dependent molecular mimicry and alternate peptide-MHC docking modes has emerged as major models for the human alloresponse. Here, we review in depth recent advances in this field and discuss how molecular interactions between T cells and HLA molecules drive the activation of these effector cells and its potential implications for alloreactivity in human transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Smith
- Australian Centre for Vaccine Development, Tumour Immunology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
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Intracerebral xenotransplantation: recent findings and perspectives for local immunosuppression. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2011; 16:190-4. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32834494b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Minocycline Promotes Long-Term Survival of Neuronal Transplant in the Brain by Inhibiting Late Microglial Activation and T-Cell Recruitment. Transplantation 2010; 89:816-23. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181cbe041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu D, Shen XD, Zhai Y, Lam W, Liao J, Busuttil RW, Ghobrial RM. Intragraft selection of the T cell receptor repertoire by class I MHC sequences in tolerant recipients. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6076. [PMID: 19562081 PMCID: PMC2700265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allograft tolerance of ACI (RT1(a)) recipients to WF (RT1(u)) hearts can be induced by allochimeric class I MHC molecules containing donor-type (RT1A(u)) immunogenic epitopes displayed on recipient-type (RT1A(a)) sequences. Here, we sought the mechanisms by which allochimeric sequences may affect responding T cells through T cell receptor (TCA) repertoire restriction. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The soluble [alpha(1h) (u)]-RT1.A(a) allochimeric molecule was delivered into ACI recipients of WF hearts in the presence of sub-therapeutic dose of cyclosporine (CsA). The TCR Vbeta spectrotyping of the splenocytes and cardiac allografts showed that the Vbeta gene families were differentially expressed within the TCR repertoire in allochimeric- or high-dose CsA-treated tolerant recipients at day +5 and +7 of post-transplantation. However, at day 30 of post-transplantation the allochimeric molecule-treated rats showed the restriction of TCR repertoire with altered dominant size peaks representing preferential clonal expansion of Vbeta7, Vbeta11, Vbeta13, Vbeta 14, and Vbeta15 genes. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the alteration of Vbeta profile, restriction of TCR repertoire, and the establishment of allograft tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that presentation of allochimeric MHC class I sequences that partially mimic donor and recipient epitopes may induce unique tolerant state by selecting alloresponsive Vbeta genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Liu
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xiu-Da Shen
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yuan Zhai
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wengsi Lam
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jingying Liao
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Lair D, Degauque N, Miqueu P, Jovanovic V, Guillet M, Mérieau E, Moreau A, Soulillou JP, Brouard S. Functional compartmentalization following induction of long-term graft survival with pregraft donor-specific transfusion. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:538-49. [PMID: 17217443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Long-term survival is achieved in rat recipients by pre-graft donor-specific blood transfusion. We characterized the immune compartments in long-term survivors and analyzed them for capacity to transfer tolerance and protect against chronic rejection. Splenocytes and spleen T cells from treated recipients transferred long-term graft survival to 100% of secondary recipients. In contrast, blood transferred graft survival to only 50% of recipients whereas blood T cells had no effect. An unaltered TCR repertoire, an increase in suppressive CD4+CD25+ T cells, a decrease in antidonor T-cell proliferative response and normal perforin-granzyme levels were the hallmarks of the spleen T cells. Blood T cells were characterized by a strongly altered CD8+ repertoire, normal CD4+CD25+ T cell number with unchanged antidonor T-cell proliferative response, an activated T-cell phenotype and an increase in perforin-granzyme levels. However, following the transfer of blood or spleen cells into secondary recipients, all grafts displayed chronic rejection. These findings provide evidence that distinct compartments play critical roles in DST recipients. Regulatory cells do not accumulate in blood, which appears to be a reservoir for cytotoxic T cells. Spleen T cells, which display a regulatory-like profile and transfer graft survival, are not able to prevent chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lair
- INSERM U643, Nantes F-44000, France
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Laplaud DA, Berthelot L, Miqueu P, Bourcier K, Moynard J, Oudinet Y, Guillet M, Ruiz C, Oden N, Brouard S, Guttmann CRG, Weiner HL, Khoury SJ, Soulillou JP. Serial blood T cell repertoire alterations in multiple sclerosis patients; correlation with clinical and MRI parameters. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 177:151-60. [PMID: 16806500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A significant skewing of the peripheral T cell repertoire has been shown in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Most of the studies already performed in this field are cross-sectional and therefore, little is known of the T cell repertoire evolution over time in MS and the correlation of T cell repertoire variation with clinical and MRI parameters. This study was performed on serially harvested frozen PBMC from nine untreated MS patients (27 samples) and 14 healthy individuals. The blood T cell repertoire of each patient was analysed at the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) level and compared with a monthly MRI scan performed over a six month period with assessment of T2 lesion load and gadolinium enhancing lesions. A highly significant blood T cell repertoire skewing was observed in MS patients as compared with healthy controls (p<0.01). In addition, the number of altered Vbeta families correlated significantly with both the T2 lesion volume and the number of gadolinium enhancing lesions as assessed by MRI (Spearman correlation tests, r=0.51 and r=0.44, p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). Furthermore, the variation of the number of altered Vbeta families over time also correlated with the appearance of new gadolinium enhancing lesions (r=0.36, p=0.05). These findings which need confirmation on larger serial cohorts, suggest an association between the magnitude of TCRBV CDR3 length distribution alterations in the peripheral blood of MS patients and the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David-Axel Laplaud
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 643: Immunointervention dans les allo- et Xénotransplantations, Institut de Transplantation Et de Recherche en Transplantation CHU Hôtel Dieu, 30 Bd Jean Monnet, 44093 Nantes Cedex, France
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Factors affecting neuronal cell xenotransplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/01.mot.0000174043.67944.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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