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Quinn E, Murphy E, Du Pont D, Comber P, Blood M, Shah A, Kuc A, Hunter K, Carroll G. Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Who Received Naloxone in an Emergency Medical Services System With a High Prevalence Of Opioid Overdose. J Emerg Med 2024:S0736-4679(24)00114-8. [PMID: 39034160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opioid-associated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OA-OHCA) is a subset of cardiac arrests that could benefit from measures outside of standard Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), such as naloxone. STUDY OBJECTIVES In this study, we sought to examine whether OHCA patients chosen for naloxone therapy by emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians in a system with high rates of opioid overdose would have increased rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital discharge. METHODS The study took place in an urban EMS system with a high prevalence of opioid overdose. Paramedics could administer naloxone in cardiac arrest in addition to ACLS. It was often administered based on clinical gestalt for suspected OA-OHCA. The outcomes of OHCA patients who received naloxone were compared against those who received usual care in both an adjusted and unadjusted fashion. Lastly, we created a logistic regression model to test for an independent association of naloxone administration on ROSC and survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS A consecutive sample of 769 OHCA patients was obtained, of which 175 (23%) received naloxone. On average, patients who received naloxone had significantly fewer comorbidities and were younger. There was no difference in ROSC, survival to hospital discharge, or modified Rankin Scores. Using logistic regression modeling, there was no statistically significant effect of naloxone administration on these outcomes. CONCLUSION OHCA patients who received naloxone, despite being younger and having fewer comorbidities, had similar outcomes compared to those who received usual care. The difference in baseline characteristics suggests that paramedic gestalt reasonably selected for OA-OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Quinn
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
| | | | - Daniel Du Pont
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Aman Shah
- Cooper Medical School, Camden, New Jersey
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Kawalec M, Wojtyniak P, Bielska E, Lewczuk A, Boratyńska-Jasińska A, Beręsewicz-Haller M, Frontczak-Baniewicz M, Gewartowska M, Zabłocka B. Mitochondrial dynamics, elimination and biogenesis during post-ischemic recovery in ischemia-resistant and ischemia-vulnerable gerbil hippocampal regions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166633. [PMID: 36566873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) result from a temporary blockage in blood circulation in the brain. As TIAs cause disabilities and often precede full-scale strokes, the effects of TIA are investigated to develop neuroprotective therapies. We analyzed changes in mitochondrial network dynamics, mitophagy and biogenesis in sections of gerbil hippocampus characterized by a different neuronal survival rate after 5-minute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult. Our research revealed a significantly greater mtDNA/nDNA ratio in CA2-3, DG hippocampal regions (5.8 ± 1.4 vs 3.6 ± 0.8 in CA1) that corresponded to a neuronal resistance to I/R. During reperfusion, an increase of pro-fission (phospho-Ser616-Drp1/Drp1) and pro-fusion proteins (1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.4 ± 0.3 for Mfn2 and Opa1, respectively) was observed in CA2-3, DG. Selective autophagy markers, PINK1 and SQSTM1/p62, were elevated 24-96 h after I/R and accompanied by significant elevation of transcription factors proteins PGC-1α and Nrf1 (1.2 ± 0.4, 1.78 ± 0.6, respectively) and increased respiratory chain proteins (e.g., 1.5 ± 0.3 for complex IV at I/R 96 h). Contrastingly, decreased enzymatic activity of citrate synthase, reduced Hsp60 protein level and electron transport chain subunits (0.88 ± 0.03, 0.74 ± 0.1 and 0.71 ± 0.1 for complex IV at I/R 96 h, respectively) were observed in I/R-vulnerable CA1. The phospho-Ser616-Drp1/Drp1 was increased while Mfn2 and total Opa1 reduced to 0.88 ± 0.1 and 0.77 ± 0.17, respectively. General autophagy, measured as LC3-II/I ratio, was activated 3 h after reperfusion reaching 2.37 ± 0.9 of control. This study demonstrated that enhanced mitochondrial fusion, followed by late and selective mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis might together contribute to reduced susceptibility to TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kawalec
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wojtyniak
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Bielska
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Lewczuk
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Boratyńska-Jasińska
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Magdalena Gewartowska
- Electron Microscopy Research Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Zabłocka
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Michalettos G, Ruscher K. Crosstalk Between GABAergic Neurotransmission and Inflammatory Cascades in the Post-ischemic Brain: Relevance for Stroke Recovery. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:807911. [PMID: 35401118 PMCID: PMC8983863 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.807911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive plasticity processes are required involving neurons as well as non-neuronal cells to recover lost brain functions after an ischemic stroke. Recent studies show that gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has profound effects on glial and immune cell functions in addition to its inhibitory actions on neuronal circuits in the post-ischemic brain. Here, we provide an overview of how GABAergic neurotransmission changes during the first weeks after stroke and how GABA affects functions of astroglial and microglial cells as well as peripheral immune cell populations accumulating in the ischemic territory and brain regions remote to the lesion. Moreover, we will summarize recent studies providing data on the immunomodulatory actions of GABA of relevance for stroke recovery. Interestingly, the activation of GABA receptors on immune cells exerts a downregulation of detrimental anti-inflammatory cascades. Conversely, we will discuss studies addressing how specific inflammatory cascades affect GABAergic neurotransmission on the level of GABA receptor composition, GABA synthesis, and release. In particular, the chemokines CXCR4 and CX3CR1 pathways have been demonstrated to modulate receptor composition and synthesis. Together, the actual view on the interactions between GABAergic neurotransmission and inflammatory cascades points towards a specific crosstalk in the post-ischemic brain. Similar to what has been shown in experimental models, specific therapeutic modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission and inflammatory pathways may synergistically promote neuronal plasticity to enhance stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Michalettos
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- LUBIN Lab—Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Karsten Ruscher
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Wang L, Liu J, Xu J, Zhang W, Wang R. Coupling of GPR30 mediated neurogenesis and protection with astroglial Aromatase-STAT3 signaling in rat hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111394. [PMID: 34274445 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-30 (GPR30) agonist G1 serves as a viable alternative neuroprotectant of 17β-estradiol (E2) to attenuate neuroinflammation and improve cognitive function after global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Aromatase, the key enzyme of E2 biosynthesis, is widely expressed in animal and human brain, and its expression and activity are mediated by selective estrogen receptor modulators. In the present study, we explored the long-term protective and reparative effects of G1 in ovariectomized rats after GCI. We used the aromatase inhibitor letrozole to elucidate whether G1 and brain-derived E2 together induce beneficial effects. Our results showed that G1 administration for 28 days a) significantly increased neurogenesis in the hippocampal sub-granular zone and CA1 regions; b) declined CA1 neuronal impairment in a long-term fashion; c) enhanced expression of synaptic proteins and cognitive function; d) and prevented reactive astrocytes loss, wherein aromatase and brain-derived estrogen levels were markedly increased. Additionally, expression and activation of transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were increased in CA1 astrocytes of G1-treated animals. Letrozole abolished all of the observed benefits of G1. Our results suggest that GPR30 activation mediates long-term neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the hippocampus following GCI, with potential mechanism coupling with the activation of astroglial aromatase-STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, China; Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, China; Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, China; Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- School of Public Health of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, China; Dementia and Dyscognitive Key Lab, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063210, China.
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Effects on the diagnosis change and on the disability level for individuals with disorder of consciousness: which predictors? Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 33:163-171. [PMID: 29489493 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prediction of the functional recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is still complex because of the different numbers of variables that influence the possibility of observing changes in clinical outcome. The aim of the present study is to identify the best set of predictors of the change in DOC diagnosis among different pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacotherapy indicators. This study analyzed data collected in a longitudinal, two-evaluation, multicenter project conducted in 90 centers. We analyzed the predictor effects of physical and cognitive treatments, duration of disease, etiology, age, and sex (nonpharmacological treatments) as well as the use of antiparkinson, psycholeptic, psychoanaleptic, and muscle-relaxant drugs (pharmacological variables). Ordered logistic models, linear regression models with bootstrap estimation, and model averaging procedures were used. The results showed that physical and cognitive treatments [best predictor: odds ratio (OR)=413.3, P<0.001], age (OR=0.964, P<0.001), and use of psycholeptic drugs (negative effect: OR=0.373, P=0.039) were the variables that contributed in general toward a change in diagnosis. Notably, the use of psycholeptic drugs seemed to impede the functional recovery in patients with DOC, so serious reflections on its use will be made.
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Targeting the 18-kDa translocator protein: recent perspectives for neuroprotection. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:559-65. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20150028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The translocator protein (TSPO, 18 kDa), mainly localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane of steroidogenic tissues, is involved in several cellular functions. TSPO level alterations have been reported in a number of human disorders, particularly in cancer, psychiatric and neurological diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), TSPO is usually expressed in glial cells, but also in some neuronal cell types. Interestingly, the expression of TSPO on glial cells rises after brain injury and increased TSPO expression is often observed in neurological disorders, gliomas, encephalitis and traumatic injury. Since TSPO is up-regulated in brain diseases, several structurally different classes of ligands targeting TSPO have been described as potential diagnostic or therapeutic agents. Recent researches have reported that TSPO ligands might be valuable in the treatment of brain diseases. This review focuses on currently available TSPO ligands, as useful tools for the treatment of neurodegeneration, neuro-inflammation and neurotrauma.
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7
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Elmer J, Lynch MJ, Kristan J, Morgan P, Gerstel SJ, Callaway CW, Rittenberger JC. Recreational drug overdose-related cardiac arrests: break on through to the other side. Resuscitation 2015; 89:177-81. [PMID: 25660953 PMCID: PMC4363174 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The annual rate of recreational overdose (OD)-related death is increasing exponentially, making unintentional overdose the leading cause of injury-related death in America. Unfortunately, little attention in the resuscitation community has focused on the post-arrest care of this rapidly growing population. Methods We included patients presenting between January 2009 and February 2014 after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and abstracted baseline clinical characteristics and neurological outcomes. We considered an arrest to be an OD OHCA if toxicology screens were positive and not explained by therapeutic medication administration or home medications; or if there was a history strongly suggestive of OD. We compared the baseline clinical characteristics and outcomes between the OD and non-OD cohorts. Results In total, 591 OHCA patients were admitted, of which 85 (14%) arrests were OD-related. OD OHCA patients were significantly younger, had fewer medical comorbdities, were more likely to present with non-shockable rhythms and had worse baseline neurological function. However, overall survival, neurological outcomes and length of stay did not vary between groups. OD OHCA patients who survived to discharge had a significantly higher rate of favorable discharge dispositions (83% of OD OHCA survivors discharged to home or acute rehabilitation vs 62% of non-OD OHCA (P=0.03)). Conclusion Patients who have suffered an OD OHCA make up a significant proportion of the overall OHCA population. Despite poor baseline prognostic factors, survival after OD OHCA was no worse than after non-OD OHCA, and among survivors a majority had a good neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Elmer
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Michael J Lynch
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Kristan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Morgan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stacy J Gerstel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Clifton W Callaway
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jon C Rittenberger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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8
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Dietrichs ES, Dietrichs E. Nevroprotektiv effekt av hypotermi. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2015; 135:1646-51. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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9
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Ogura T, Hamada T, Matsui T, Tanaka S, Okabe S, Kazama T, Kobayashi Y. Neuroprotection by JM-1232(−) against oxygen–glucose deprivation-induced injury in rat hippocampal slice culture. Brain Res 2015; 1594:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Jahn-Eimermacher A, Brückner M, Werner C, Engelhard K, Thal SC. Comparison of different quantification methods to determine hippocampal damage after cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 240:67-76. [PMID: 25445060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental stroke studies use multiple techniques to evaluate histopathological damage. Unfortunately, sensitivity and reproducibility of these techniques are poorly characterized despite pivotal influence on results. METHOD The present study compared several quantification methods to differentiate between two severities of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to moderate (10min) or severe (14min) ischemia by bilateral carotid occlusion (BCAO) with hemorrhagic hypotension. Neuronal cell count was determined in hippocampus at bregma -3.14mm and -3.8mm on day 3 and 28 post insult by counting neurons in the whole CA1 or in one to three defined regions of interest (ROI) placed in NeuN and Fluoro-Jade B stained sections. RESULTS In healthy rats hippocampal neurons were arranged uniformly, while distribution became inhomogeneous after ischemia. The number of NeuN and Fluoro-Jade B positive cells was dependent on localization. Differences between ischemia severities became more prominent at 28 days compared to 3 days. Fluoro-Jade B positive cell count increased at 28 days, staining rather injured not dying neurons. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Placement of counting windows has a major influence on extent of differences between degree of neuronal injury and variations within groups. CONCLUSIONS The investigated quantification methods result in inconsistent information on the degree of damage. To obtain consistent and reliable results observation period should be extended beyond 3 days. Due to inhomogeneous distribution of viable neurons in CA1 after ischemia neuronal counting should not be performed in a single ROI window, but should be performed in multiple ROIs or the whole CA1 band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Antje Jahn-Eimermacher
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Melanie Brückner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Werner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristin Engelhard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Serge C Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
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Ma JY, Zhang SP, Guo LB, Li YM, Li Q, Wang SQ, Liu HM, Wang C. KCC2 expression changes in Diazepam-treated neonatal rats with hypoxia-ischaemia brain damage. Brain Res 2014; 1563:22-30. [PMID: 24709118 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischaemia brain damage (HIBD) is a major type of perinatal brain injury in newborns. In this study, we investigate the short- and long-term neuroprotective effects of Diazepam on neonatal rats with HIBD and the potential mechanisms underlying its protective effects. Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left carotid artery ligation followed by a 2-h exposure to 8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen. Diazepam was administered immediately via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection after inducing HIBD at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1)8h(-1) for three consecutive days. Three days after HIBD, rats were decapitated, and the extent of brain injury was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Additionally, the expression of Potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 (KCC2) was analysed using real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Three weeks after HIBD, rats were subjected to the Morris water maze (MWM) test and the locomotor activity test to determine the long-term therapeutic effects of Diazepam. We observed that the volume of infarction in the Diazepam group was significantly less (P<0.01) compared with the HIBD group. We also observed that the learning and memory abilities of the Diazepam rats improved significantly compared with the untreated rats (P<0.05) and that the decrease in KCC2 expression was prevented (P<0.01). Early treatment with Diazepam appears to attenuate HIBD and can efficiently improve the long-term learning and memory capabilities of the animal. A potential mechanism underlying these effects may involve preventing the decrease in KCC2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Su-Pei Zhang
- Medical College of Kaifeng University, Kaifeng 475001, PR China
| | - Liu-Bin Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yong-Mei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Yan BC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Park OK, Lee JC, Yoo KY, Choi JH, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Park JH, Her S, Kim JS, Shin HC, Cho JH, Kim YM, Kwon SH, Won MH. Neuroprotection of posttreatment with risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, in rat and gerbil models of ischemic stroke and the maintenance of antioxidants in a gerbil model of ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:795-807. [PMID: 24481585 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond its original effectiveness. The present study examines the neuroprotective effects of risperidone against ischemic damage in the rat and gerbil induced by transient focal and global cerebral ischemia, respectively. The results showed that pre- and posttreatment with 4 mg/kg risperidone significantly protected against neuronal death from ischemic injury. Many NeuN-immunoreactive neurons and a few F-J B-positive cells were found in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the risperidone-treated ischemia groups compared with those in the vehicle-treated ischemia group. In addition, treatment with risperidone markedly attenuated the activation of microglia in the gerbil CA1. On the other hand, we found that treatment with risperidone significantly maintained the antioxidants levels in the ischemic gerbil CA1. Immunoreactivities of superoxide dismutases 1 and 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were maintained in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1; the antioxidants were very different from those in the vehicle-treated ischemia groups. In brief, our present findings indicate that posttreatment as well as pretreatment with risperidone can protect neurons in the rat cerebral cortex and gerbils CA1 from transient cerebral ischemic injury and that the neuroprotective effect of risperidone may be related to attenuation of microglial activation as well as maintenance of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Department of Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Figueredo YN, Rodríguez EO, Reyes YV, Domínguez CC, Parra AL, Sánchez JR, Hernández RD, Verdecia MP, Pardo Andreu GL. Characterization of the anxiolytic and sedative profile of JM-20: a novel benzodiazepine–dihydropyridine hybrid molecule. Neurol Res 2013; 35:804-12. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Estael Ochoa Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica de La Facultad de Química de La Universidad de La Habana Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Yamila Verdecia Reyes
- Centro de Estudio para las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de La Habana, Ciudad Habana, Cuba
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Iwata M, Inoue S, Kawaguchi M, Furuya H. Effects of diazepam and flumazenil on forebrain ischaemia in a rat model of benzodiazepine tolerance. Br J Anaesth 2012; 109:935-42. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Hamdi Y, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Kaddour H, Belhadj F, Gandolfo P, Vaudry D, Mokni M, Leprince J, Hachem R, Vaudry H, Tonon MC, Amri M. Protective effect of the octadecaneuropeptide on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and cell death in cultured rat astrocytes. J Neurochem 2011; 118:416-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Lee CH, Park OK, Yoo KY, Byun K, Lee B, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Kim YM, Won MH. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and effects of its agonist, rosiglitazone, on transient cerebral ischemic damage. J Neurol Sci 2010; 300:120-9. [PMID: 20880548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is expressed in neurons and glia, and its synthetic agonist, rosiglitazone (RSG), regulates inflammatory process and has neuroprotective effects against neurological disorders. In the present study, we examined the role of PPARγ in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after transient cerebral ischemia and the neuroprotective effects of RSG on ischemic damage. RSG attenuated neuronal damage in the ischemic CA1, not showing perfect neuroprotection: the RSG appeared to delay neuronal death after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). PPARγ immunoreactivity and protein levels were increased after I/R, and most of PPARγ-immunoreactive cells colocalized with microglia, not astrocytes. In addition, RSG attenuated glial activation and increased IL-4 and IL-13 levels in the ischemic CA1. These results indicate that PPARγ increases and expresses in microglia after I/R, and that RSG delays neuronal damage by interfering with glial activations and increases anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong Hyun Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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BDNF plasma levels decrease during benzodiazepine withdrawal in patients suffering from comorbidity of depressive disorder and benzodiazepine dependence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 209:213-5. [PMID: 20140603 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ahn HC, Yoo KY, Hwang IK, Cho JH, Lee CH, Choi JH, Li H, Cho BR, Kim YM, Won MH. Ischemia-related changes in naive and mutant forms of ubiquitin and neuroprotective effects of ubiquitin in the hippocampus following experimental transient ischemic damage. Exp Neurol 2009; 220:120-32. [PMID: 19666022 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin binds to short-lived proteins and denatured proteins produced by various forms of injury. The loss of ubiquitin leads to an accumulation of abnormal proteins and may affect cellular structure and function. The aim of the present study is to observe the chronological changes in ubiquitin naive form and its mutant form (ubiquitin(+1)) in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Delayed neuronal death in the CA1 was confirmed 4 days after ischemic insult with NeuN immunohistochemistry. Ubiquitin immunoreactivity and protein level in the CA1 were lowest at 12 h after ischemia/reperfusion; thereafter, they were increased with time. Ubiquitin(+1) immunoreactivity and protein levels in the CA1 were slightly decreased at 3 h after ischemia/reperfusion, and they were significantly increased 1 day after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, ubiquitin and ubiquitin(+1) immunoreaction was expressed in astrocytes after delayed neuronal death in the ischemic CA1. To elucidate the protective effect of ubiquitin on ischemic damage, the animals were treated with ubiquitin (1.5 mg/kg body weight) intravenously via the femoral vein. Ubiquitin treatment significantly reduced ischemia-induced locomotor hyperactivity, neuronal death and reactive gliosis such as astrocytes and microglia. In addition, 5 days after ubiquitin treatment in the ischemic group, ubiquitin immunoreactivity was similar to that in the ubiquitin-treated sham group, however, ubiquitin(+1) immunoreactivity was higher than that in the ubiquitin-treated sham group. These findings indicate that the depletion of ubiquitin and the accumulation of ubiquitin(+1) in CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient cerebral ischemia may inhibit ubiquitin proteolytic pathway and this leads to delayed neuronal death of CA1 pyramidal neurons directly or indirectly after transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Cheol Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyeongchon 431-070, South Korea
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Diazepam neuroprotection in excitotoxic and oxidative stress involves a mitochondrial mechanism additional to the GABAAR and hypothermic effects. Neurochem Int 2009; 55:164-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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