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Dzhalagoniya IZ, Usova SV, Gamaleya AA, Tomskiy AA, Shaikh AG, Sedov AS. DYT1 dystonia: Neurophysiological properties of the pallidal activity. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 112:105447. [PMID: 37267819 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to find the differences in the physiology of the pallidal neurons in DYT1 and non-DYT1 dystonia. METHODS We performed microelectrode recording of the single unit activity in both segments of the globus pallidus during stereotactic implantation of electrodes for deep brain stimulation (DBS). RESULTS We found a reduced firing rate, reduced burst rate, and increased pause index in both pallidal segments in DYT1. Also, in DYT1 the activity in both pallidal segments was similar, but not so in non-DYT1. CONCLUSION The results suggest a common pathological focus for both pallidal segments, located in the striatum. We also speculate that strong striatal influence on GPi and GPe overrides other input sources to the pallidal nuclei causing similarity in neuronal activity. SIGNIFICANCE We found significant differences in neuronal activity between DYT1 and non-DYT1 neurons. Our findings shed light on the pathophysiology of DYT-1 dystonia which can be very different from non-DYT1 dystonia and have other efficient treatment tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiko Z Dzhalagoniya
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov st. 7A-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana V Usova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov st. 7A-1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Gamaleya
- N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya st. 16, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Tomskiy
- N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, 4th Tverskaya-Yamskaya st. 16, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aasef G Shaikh
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA; Daroff-DelOsso Ocular Motility Laboratory, Neurology Service, Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexey S Sedov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov st. 7A-1, Moscow, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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2
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Oscillations of pause-burst neurons in the STN correlate with the severity of motor signs in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2022; 356:114155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Subthalamic nucleus stabilizes movements by reducing neural spike variability in monkey basal ganglia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2233. [PMID: 35468893 PMCID: PMC9038919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus projects to the external and internal pallidum, the modulatory and output nuclei of the basal ganglia, respectively, and plays an indispensable role in controlling voluntary movements. However, the precise mechanism by which the subthalamic nucleus controls pallidal activity and movements remains elusive. Here, we utilize chemogenetics to reversibly reduce neural activity of the motor subregion of the subthalamic nucleus in three macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata, both sexes) during a reaching task. Systemic administration of chemogenetic ligands prolongs movement time and increases spike train variability in the pallidum, but only slightly affects firing rate modulations. Across-trial analyses reveal that the irregular discharges in the pallidum coincides with prolonged movement time. Reduction of subthalamic activity also induces excessive abnormal movements in the contralateral forelimb, which are preceded by subthalamic and pallidal phasic activity changes. Our results suggest that the subthalamic nucleus stabilizes pallidal spike trains and achieves stable movements. Chemogenetic inactivation of the subthalamic nucleus in monkeys increases spike train variability in the pallidum and prolongs movement time, suggesting its role in stabilizing pallidal spike trains to achieve stable motor control.
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4
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Lofredi R, Kühn AA. Brain oscillatory dysfunctions in dystonia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:249-257. [PMID: 35034739 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder associated with loss of inhibition, abnormal plasticity, dysfunctional sensorimotor integration, and brain oscillatory dysfunctions at cortical and subcortical levels of the central nervous system. Hence, dystonia is considered a network disorder that can, in many cases, be efficiently treated by pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS). Abnormal oscillatory activity has been identified across the motor circuit of patients with dystonia. Increased low frequency (LF) synchronization in the internal pallidum is the most prominent abnormality. LF oscillations have been associated with the severity of dystonic motor symptoms; they are suppressed by DBS and localized to the clinically most effective stimulation site. Although the origin of these pathologic changes in brain activity needs further clarifications, their characterization will help in adjusting DBS parameters for successful clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Lofredi
- Department of Neurology, Movement disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Movement disorders and Neuromodulation Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Sciamanna G, Ponterio G, Vanni V, Laricchiuta D, Martella G, Bonsi P, Meringolo M, Tassone A, Mercuri NB, Pisani A. Optogenetic Activation of Striatopallidal Neurons Reveals Altered HCN Gating in DYT1 Dystonia. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107644. [PMID: 32433955 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Firing activity of external globus pallidus (GPe) is crucial for motor control and is severely perturbed in dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive muscle contractions. Here, we show that GPe projection neurons exhibit a reduction of firing frequency and an irregular pattern in a DYT1 dystonia model. Optogenetic activation of the striatopallidal pathway fails to reset pacemaking activity of GPe neurons in mutant mice. Abnormal firing is paralleled by alterations in motor learning. We find that loss of dopamine D2 receptor-dependent inhibition causes increased GABA input at striatopallidal synapses, with subsequent downregulation of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels. Accordingly, enhancing in vivo HCN channel activity or blocking GABA release restores both the ability of striatopallidal inputs to pause ongoing GPe activity and motor coordination deficits. Our findings demonstrate an impaired striatopallidal connectivity, supporting the central role of GPe in motor control and, more importantly, identifying potential pharmacological targets for dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciamanna
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; Lab of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanni
- Lab of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Laricchiuta
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Lab of Behavioural and Experimental Neurophysiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Lab of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Lab of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tassone
- Lab of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; Lab of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; Lab of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Sedov A, Usova S, Semenova U, Gamaleya A, Tomskiy A, Beylergil SB, Jinnah HA, Shaikh AG. Pallidal Activity in Cervical Dystonia with and Without Head Tremor. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:409-418. [PMID: 32095996 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between two common movement disorders, dystonia and tremor, is controversial. Both deficits have correlates in the network that includes connections between the cerebellum and the basal ganglia. In order to assess the physiological relationship between tremor and dystonia, we measured the activity of 727 pallidal single-neurons during deep brain stimulation surgery in patients with cervical dystonia without head oscillations, cervical dystonia plus jerky oscillations, and cervical dystonia with sinusoidal oscillations. Cluster analyses of spike-train recordings allowed classification of the pallidal activity into burst, pause, and tonic. Burst neurons were more common, and number of spikes within spike and inter-burst intervals was shorter in pure dystonia and jerky oscillation groups compared to the sinusoidal oscillation group. Pause neurons were more common and irregular in pure tremor group compared to pure dystonia and jerky oscillation groups. There was bihemispheric asymmetry in spontaneous firing discharge in pure dystonia and jerky oscillation groups, but not in sinusoidal oscillation group. These results demonstrate that the physiology of pallidal neurons in patients with pure cervical dystonia is similar to those who have cervical dystonia combined with jerky oscillations, but different from those who have cervical dystonia combined with sinusoidal oscillations. These results imply distinct mechanistic underpinnings for different types of head oscillations in cervical dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sedov
- Semenov Institute of chemical physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of physics and technology, Moscow, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Svetlana Usova
- Semenov Institute of chemical physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ulia Semenova
- Semenov Institute of chemical physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Gamaleya
- N .N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Tomskiy
- N .N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sinem B Beylergil
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aasef G Shaikh
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neurological Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Neurology Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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7
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Neurophysiological insights in dystonia and its response to deep brain stimulation treatment. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1645-1657. [PMID: 32638036 PMCID: PMC7413898 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterised by involuntary muscle contractions resulting in abnormal movements, postures and tremor. The pathophysiology of dystonia is not fully understood but loss of neuronal inhibition, excessive sensorimotor plasticity and defective sensory processing are thought to contribute to network dysfunction underlying the disorder. Neurophysiology studies have been important in furthering our understanding of dystonia and have provided insights into the mechanism of effective dystonia treatment with pallidal deep brain stimulation. In this article we review neurophysiology studies in dystonia and its treatment with Deep Brain Stimulation, including Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies, studies of reflexes and sensory processing, and oscillatory activity recordings including local field potentials, micro-recordings, EEG and evoked potentials.
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8
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Darbin O, Hatanaka N, Takara S, Kaneko N, Chiken S, Naritoku D, Martino A, Nambu A. Parkinsonism Differently Affects the Single Neuronal Activity in the Primary and Supplementary Motor Areas in Monkeys: An Investigation in Linear and Nonlinear Domains. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 30:2050010. [PMID: 32019380 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065720500100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The changes in neuronal firing activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) were compared in monkeys rendered parkinsonian by treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. The neuronal dynamic was characterized using mathematical tools defined in different frameworks (rate, oscillations or complex patterns). Then, and for each cortical area, multivariate and discriminate analyses were further performed on these features to identify those important to differentiate between the normal and the pathological neuronal activity. Our results show a different order in the importance of the features to discriminate the pathological state in each cortical area which suggests that the M1 and the SMA exhibit dissimilarities in their neuronal alterations induced by parkinsonism. Our findings highlight the need for multiple mathematical frameworks to best characterize the pathological neuronal activity related to parkinsonism. Future translational studies are warranted to investigate the causal relationships between cortical region-specificities, dominant pathological hallmarks and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Darbin
- Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Hatanaka
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Sayuki Takara
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kaneko
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Satomi Chiken
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Dean Naritoku
- Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Anthony Martino
- Department of Neurology, University South Alabama, 307 University Blvd, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences and Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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9
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Diao HL, Xue Y, Han XH, Wang SY, Liu C, Chen WF, Chen L. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Modulates the Activity of Globus Pallidus Neurons in Rats. Front Physiol 2017; 8:897. [PMID: 29163226 PMCID: PMC5682020 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The globus pallidus is a central nucleus in the basal ganglia motor control circuit. Morphological studies have revealed the expression of adenosine A2A receptors in the globus pallidus. To determine the modulation of adenosine A2A receptors on the activity of pallidal neurons in both normal and parkinsonian rats, in vivo electrophysiological and behavioral tests were performed in the present study. The extracellular single unit recordings showed that micro-pressure administration of adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, regulated the pallidal firing activity. GABAergic neurotransmission was involved in CGS21680-induced modulation of pallidal neurons via a PKA pathway. Furthermore, application of two adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, KW6002 or SCH442416, mainly increased the spontaneous firing of pallidal neurons, suggesting that endogenous adenosine system modulates the activity of pallidal neurons through adenosine A2A receptors. Finally, elevated body swing test (EBST) showed that intrapallidal microinjection of adenosine A2A receptor agonist/antagonist induced ipsilateral/contralateral-biased swing, respectively. In addition, the electrophysiological and behavioral findings also revealed that activation of dopamine D2 receptors by quinpirole strengthened KW6002/SCH442416-induced excitation of pallidal activity. Co-application of quinpirole with KW6002 or SCH442416 alleviated biased swing in hemi-parkinsonian rats. Based on the present findings, we concluded that pallidal adenosine A2A receptors may be potentially useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Diao
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Han
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Anatomy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Fang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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10
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McClelland VM, Valentin A, Rey HG, Lumsden DE, Elze MC, Selway R, Alarcon G, Lin JP. Differences in globus pallidus neuronal firing rates and patterns relate to different disease biology in children with dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:958-67. [PMID: 26848170 PMCID: PMC5013118 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology underlying different types of dystonia is not yet understood. We report microelectrode data from the globus pallidus interna (GPi) and globus pallidus externa (GPe) in children undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) for dystonia and investigate whether GPi and GPe firing rates differ between dystonia types. METHODS Single pass microelectrode data were obtained to guide electrode position in 44 children (3.3-18.1 years, median 10.7) with the following dystonia types: 14 primary, 22 secondary Static and 8 progressive secondary to neuronal brain iron accumulation (NBIA). Preoperative stereotactic MRI determined coordinates for the GPi target. Digitised spike trains were analysed offline, blind to clinical data. Electrode placement was confirmed by a postoperative stereotactic CT scan. FINDINGS We identified 263 GPi and 87 GPe cells. Both GPi and GPe firing frequencies differed significantly with dystonia aetiology. The median GPi firing frequency was higher in the primary group than in the secondary static group (13.5 Hz vs 9.6 Hz; p=0.002) and higher in the NBIA group than in either the primary (25 Hz vs 13.5 Hz; p=0.006) or the secondary static group (25 Hz vs 9.6 Hz; p=0.00004). The median GPe firing frequency was higher in the NBIA group than in the secondary static group (15.9 Hz vs 7 Hz; p=0.013). The NBIA group also showed a higher proportion of regularly firing GPi cells compared with the other groups (p<0.001). A higher proportion of regular GPi cells was also seen in patients with fixed/tonic dystonia compared with a phasic/dynamic dystonia phenotype (p<0.001). The GPi firing frequency showed a positive correlation with 1-year outcome from DBS measured by improvement in the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS-m) score (p=0.030). This association was stronger for the non-progressive patients (p=0.006). INTERPRETATION Pallidal firing rates and patterns differ significantly with dystonia aetiology and phenotype. Identification of specific firing patterns may help determine targets and patient-specific protocols for neuromodulation therapy. FUNDING National Institute of Health Research, Guy's and St. Thomas' Charity, Dystonia Society UK, Action Medical Research, German National Academic Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M McClelland
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Valentin
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - H G Rey
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - D E Lumsden
- Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, UK Complex Motor Disorder Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M C Elze
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - R Selway
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Alarcon
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - J-P Lin
- Complex Motor Disorder Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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11
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Hegeman DJ, Hong ES, Hernández VM, Chan CS. The external globus pallidus: progress and perspectives. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1239-65. [PMID: 26841063 PMCID: PMC4874844 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The external globus pallidus (GPe) of the basal ganglia is in a unique and powerful position to influence processing of motor information by virtue of its widespread projections to all basal ganglia nuclei. Despite the clinical importance of the GPe in common motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease, there is only limited information about its cellular composition and organizational principles. In this review, recent advances in the understanding of the diversity in the molecular profile, anatomy, physiology and corresponding behaviour during movement of GPe neurons are described. Importantly, this study attempts to build consensus and highlight commonalities of the cellular classification based on existing but contentious literature. Additionally, an analysis of the literature concerning the intricate reciprocal loops formed between the GPe and major synaptic partners, including both the striatum and the subthalamic nucleus, is provided. In conclusion, the GPe has emerged as a crucial node in the basal ganglia macrocircuit. While subtleties in the cellular makeup and synaptic connection of the GPe create new challenges, modern research tools have shown promise in untangling such complexity, and will provide better understanding of the roles of the GPe in encoding movements and their associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hegeman
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ellie S Hong
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Vivian M Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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12
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Noblejas MI, Schechtman E, Adler A, Joshua M, Katabi S, Bergman H. Hold your pauses: external globus pallidus neurons respond to behavioural events by decreasing pause activity. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2415-25. [PMID: 26263048 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Awareness of its rich structural pathways has earned the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) recognition as a central figure within the basal ganglia circuitry. Interestingly, GPe neurons are uniquely identified by the presence of prominent pauses interspersed among a high-frequency discharge rate of 50-80 spikes/s. These pauses have an average pause duration of 620 ms with a frequency of 13/min, yielding an average pause activity (probability of a GPe neuron being in a pause) of (620 × 13)/(60 × 1000) = 0.13. Spontaneous pause activity has been found to be inversely related to arousal state. The relationship of pause activity with behavioural events remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we analysed the electrophysiological activity of 200 well-isolated GPe pauser cells recorded from four non-human primates (Macaque fascicularis) while they were engaged in similar classical conditioning tasks. The isolation quality of the recorded activity and the pauses were determined with objective automatic methods. The results showed that the pause probability decreased by 9.09 and 10.0%, and the discharge rate increased by 2.96 and 1.95%, around cue and outcome presentation, respectively. Analysis of the linear relationship between the changes in pause activity and discharge rate showed r(2) = 0.46 and r(2) = 0.66 upon cue onset and outcome presentation, respectively. Thus, pause activity is a pertinent element in short-term encoding of relevant behavioural events, and has a significant, but not exclusive, role in the modulation of GPe discharge rate around these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Imelda Noblejas
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research - Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Eitan Schechtman
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research - Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Centre for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Adler
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research - Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Centre for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mati Joshua
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research - Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Centre for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shiran Katabi
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research - Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Hagai Bergman
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research - Israel Canada (IMRIC), Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Centre for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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13
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Welter ML, Grabli D, Karachi C, Jodoin N, Fernandez-Vidal S, Brun Y, Navarro S, Rogers A, Cornu P, Pidoux B, Yelnik J, Roze E, Bardinet E, Vidailhet M. Pallidal activity in myoclonus dystonia correlates with motor signs. Mov Disord 2015; 30:992-6. [PMID: 25880339 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoclonus-dystonia related to epsilon-sarcoglycan gene mutations is characterized by myoclonic jerks and mild to moderate dystonia. The role of basal ganglia dysfunction in the pathogenesis is unknown. METHODS Pallidal neuronal activity was recorded in six myoclonus-dystonia and six primary generalized dystonia patients operated on for internal globus pallidus deep brain stimulation. RESULTS In myoclonus-dystonia patients compared with primary-dystonia patients, internal pallidum neurons showed higher burst frequency, lower mean burst, and pause durations. External pallidum neurons showed higher mean pause frequency. Oscillatory activity was present in 33% and 35% of internal pallidum neurons in myoclonus-dystonia and primary-dystonia patients, respectively, predominantly in the theta frequency band (3-8 Hz). In myoclonus-dystonia patients with more severe myoclonus, internal pallidum neurons exhibited a higher bursting activity with high intraburst frequency and lower oscillatory activity frequency. CONCLUSIONS Myoclonus-dystonia appears to be related to specific changes in internal pallidum activity, leading to disruption in striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical circuits. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Welter
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences (Inserm CIC-1422), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Grabli
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences (Inserm CIC-1422), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carine Karachi
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences (Inserm CIC-1422), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neurochirurgie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Jodoin
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences (Inserm CIC-1422), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neurologie, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Fernandez-Vidal
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Brun
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Soledad Navarro
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alister Rogers
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Cornu
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Pidoux
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Yelnik
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences (Inserm CIC-1422), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences (Inserm CIC-1422), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bardinet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épiniere (CRICM), UMR-S975, Paris, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Pitié Neurosciences (Inserm CIC-1422), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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14
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McCracken CB, Kiss ZHT. Time and frequency-dependent modulation of local field potential synchronization by deep brain stimulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102576. [PMID: 25029468 PMCID: PMC4100931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-frequency electrical stimulation of specific brain structures, known as deep brain stimulation (DBS), is an effective treatment for movement disorders, but mechanisms of action remain unclear. We examined the time-dependent effects of DBS applied to the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), the rat homolog of the internal globus pallidus, a target used for treatment of both dystonia and Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed simultaneous multi-site local field potential (LFP) recordings in urethane-anesthetized rats to assess the effects of high-frequency (HF, 130 Hz; clinically effective), low-frequency (LF, 15 Hz; ineffective) and sham DBS delivered to EP. LFP activity was recorded from dorsal striatum (STR), ventroanterior thalamus (VA), primary motor cortex (M1), and the stimulation site in EP. Spontaneous and acute stimulation-induced LFP oscillation power and functional connectivity were assessed at baseline, and after 30, 60, and 90 minutes of stimulation. HF EP DBS produced widespread alterations in spontaneous and stimulus-induced LFP oscillations, with some effects similar across regions and others occurring in a region- and frequency band-specific manner. Many of these changes evolved over time. HF EP DBS produced an initial transient reduction in power in the low beta band in M1 and STR; however, phase synchronization between these regions in the low beta band was markedly suppressed at all time points. DBS also enhanced low gamma synchronization throughout the circuit. With sustained stimulation, there were significant reductions in low beta synchronization between M1-VA and STR-VA, and increases in power within regions in the faster frequency bands. HF DBS also suppressed the ability of acute EP stimulation to induce beta oscillations in all regions along the circuit. This dynamic pattern of synchronizing and desynchronizing effects of EP DBS suggests a complex modulation of activity along cortico-BG-thalamic circuits underlying the therapeutic effects of GPi DBS for conditions such as PD and dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton B. McCracken
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zelma H. T. Kiss
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Wei W, Li L, Yu G, Ding S, Li C, Zhou FM. Supersensitive presynaptic dopamine D2 receptor inhibition of the striatopallidal projection in nigrostriatal dopamine-deficient mice. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:2203-16. [PMID: 23945778 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00161.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) D2 receptor (D2R)-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) in the striatum project to and inhibit the GABAergic neurons in the globus pallidus (GP), forming an important link in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia movement control circuit. These striatopallidal axon terminals express presynaptic D2Rs that inhibit GABA release and thus regulate basal ganglion function. Here we show that in transcription factor Pitx3 gene mutant mice with a severe DA loss in the dorsal striatum mimicking the DA denervation in Parkinson's disease (PD), the striatopallidal GABAergic synaptic transmission displayed a heightened sensitivity to presynaptic D2R-mediated inhibition with the dose-response curve shifted to the left, although the maximal inhibition was not changed. Functionally, low concentrations of DA were able to more efficaciously reduce the striatopallidal inhibition-induced pauses of GP neuron activity in DA-deficient Pitx3 mutant mice than in wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that presynaptic D2R inhibition of the striatopallidal synapse becomes supersensitized after DA loss. These supersensitive D2Rs may compensate for the lost DA in PD and also induce a strong disinhibition of GP neuron activity that may contribute to the motor-stimulating effects of dopaminergic treatments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
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16
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Liu LD, Prescott IA, Dostrovsky JO, Hodaie M, Lozano AM, Hutchison WD. Frequency-dependent effects of electrical stimulation in the globus pallidus of dystonia patients. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:5-17. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00527.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) has been shown to improve dystonia, a movement disorder of repetitive twisting movements and postures. DBS at frequencies above 60 Hz improves dystonia, but the mechanisms underlying this frequency dependence are unclear. In patients undergoing dual-microelectrode mapping of the GPi, microstimulation has been shown to reduce neuronal firing, presumably due to synaptic GABA release. This study examined the effects of different microstimulation frequencies (1–100 Hz) and train length (0.5–20 s), with and without prior high-frequency stimulation (HFS) on neuronal firing and evoked field potentials (fEPs) in 13 dystonia patients. Pre-HFS, the average firing decreased as stimulation frequency increased and was silenced above 50 Hz. The average fEP amplitudes increased up to frequencies of 20–30 Hz but then declined and at 50 Hz, were only at 75% of baseline. In some cases, short latency fiber volleys and antidromic-like spikes were observed and followed high frequencies. Post-HFS, overall firing was reduced compared with pre-HFS, and the fEP amplitudes were enhanced at low frequencies, providing evidence of inhibitory synaptic plasticity in the GPi. In a patient with DBS electrodes already implanted in the GPi, recordings from four neurons in the subthalamic nucleus showed almost complete inhibition of firing with clinically effective but not clinically ineffective stimulation parameters. These data provide additional support for the hypothesis of stimulation-evoked GABA release from afferent synaptic terminals and reduction of neuronal firing during DBS and additionally, implicate excitation of GPi axon fibers and neurons and enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission by high-frequency GPi DBS as additional putative mechanisms underlying the clinical benefits of DBS in dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu D. Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Ian A. Prescott
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jonathan O. Dostrovsky
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Mojgan Hodaie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andres M. Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D. Hutchison
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Abstract
Surgery for dystonia has a history stretching back for centuries including myotomy and other procedures on the musculoskeletal system. In the last century lesional procedures, mainly involving the pallidum became popular. More recently, with the advent of deep brain stimulation, bilateral medial pallidal stimulation has become commonplace. This review describes the issues with patient selection, technical aspects of implantation and effects as well as complications of the technique. Some of the rarer types of dystonia that have also been treated with DBS are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipu Z Aziz
- Department of Neurosurgery, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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18
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Schrock LE, Ostrem JL, Turner RS, Shimamoto SA, Starr PA. The subthalamic nucleus in primary dystonia: single-unit discharge characteristics. J Neurophysiol 2009; 102:3740-52. [PMID: 19846625 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00544.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most models of dystonia pathophysiology predict alterations of activity in the basal ganglia thalamocortical motor circuit. The globus pallidus interna (GPi) shows bursting and oscillatory neuronal discharge in both human dystonia and in animal models, but it is not clear which intrinsic basal ganglia pathways are implicated in this abnormal output. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) receives prominent excitatory input directly from cortical areas implicated in dystonia pathogenesis and inhibitory input from the external globus pallidus. The goal of this study was to elucidate the role of the STN in dystonia by analyzing STN neuronal discharge in patients with idiopathic dystonia. Data were collected in awake patients undergoing microelectrode recording for implantation of STN deep brain stimulation electrodes. We recorded 62 STN neurons in 9 patients with primary dystonia. As a comparison group, we recorded 143 STN neurons in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Single-unit activity was discriminated off-line by principal component analysis and evaluated with respect to discharge rate, bursting, and oscillatory activity. The mean STN discharge rate in dystonia patients was 26.3 Hz (SD 13.6), which was lower than that in the PD patients (35.6 Hz, SD 15.2), but higher than published values for subjects without basal ganglia dysfunction. Oscillatory activity was found in both disorders, with a higher proportion of units oscillating in the beta range in PD. Bursting discharge was a prominent feature of both dystonia and PD, whereas sensory receptive fields were expanded in PD compared with dystonia. The STN firing characteristics, in conjunction with those previously published for GPi, suggest that bursting and oscillatory discharge in basal ganglia output may be transmitted via pathways involving the STN and provide a pathophysiologic rationale for STN as a surgical target in dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Schrock
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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