1
|
Novel tankyrase inhibitors suppress TDP-43 aggregate formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 537:85-92. [PMID: 33387887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) abnormally forms aggregates in certain subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathological forms of TDP-43 have reported to be associated with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), which regulates the properties of these aggregates. A recent study has indicated that tankyrase, a member of the PAR polymerase (PARP) family, regulates pathological TDP-43 formation under conditions of stress, and tankyrase inhibitors suppress TDP-43 aggregate formation and cytotoxicity. Since we reported the development of tankyrase inhibitors that are more specific than conventional inhibitors, in this study, we examined their effects on the formation of TDP-43 aggregates in cultured cells. Time-lapse imaging showed that TDP-43 aggregates appeared in the nucleus within 30 min of treatment with sodium arsenite. Several tankyrase inhibitors suppressed the formation of aggregates and decreased the levels of the tankyrase protein. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that tankyrase was localized to neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the spinal cords of patients with ALS. Moreover, the tankyrase protein levels were significantly higher in the brains of patients with FTLD than in the brains of control subjects. These findings suggest that the inhibition of tankyrase activity protects against TDP-43 toxicity. Tankyrase inhibitors may be a potential treatment to suppress the progression of TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Collapse
|
2
|
Buratti E. Targeting TDP-43 proteinopathy with drugs and drug-like small molecules. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1298-1315. [PMID: 32469420 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of the involvement of the ribonucleoprotein TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), a major research focus has been to develop treatments that can prevent or alleviate these disease conditions. One pharmacological approach has been to use TDP-43-based disease models to test small molecules and drugs already known to have some therapeutic effect in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. In parallel, various disease models have been used to perform high-throughput screens of drugs and small compound libraries. The aim of this review will be to provide a general overview of the compounds that have been described to alter pathological characteristics of TDP-43. These include expression levels, cytoplasmic mis-localization, post-translational modifications, cleavage, stress granule recruitment and aggregation. In parallel, this review will also address the use of compounds that modify the autophagic/proteasome systems that are known to target TDP-43 misfolding and aggregation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.6/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prostaglandin J2 promotes O-GlcNAcylation raising APP processing by α- and β-secretases: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 62:130-145. [PMID: 29149631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by α- and β-secretases is of special interest to Alzheimer's disease (AD), as these proteases prevent or mediate amyloid beta formation, respectively. Neuroinflammation is also implicated in AD. Our data demonstrate that the endogenous mediator of inflammation prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) promotes full-length APP (FL-APP) processing by α- and β-secretases. The decrease in FL-APP was independent of proteasomal, lysosomal, calpain, caspase, and γ-secretase activities. Moreover, PGJ2-treatment promoted cleavage of secreted APP, specifically sAPPα and sAPPβ, generated by α and β-secretase, respectively. Notably, PGJ2-treatment induced caspase-dependent cleavage of sAPPβ. Mechanistically, PGJ2-treatment selectively diminished mature (O- and N-glycosylated) but not immature (N-glycosylated only) FL-APP. PGJ2-treatment also increased the overall levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation, which occurs within the nucleocytoplasmic compartment. It is known that APP undergoes O-GlcNAcylation and that the latter protects proteins from proteasomal degradation. Our results suggest that by increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation levels, PGJ2 renders mature APP less prone to proteasomal degradation, thus shunting APP toward processing by α- and β-secretases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cacabelos D, Ayala V, Granado-Serrano AB, Jové M, Torres P, Boada J, Cabré R, Ramírez-Núñez O, Gonzalo H, Soler-Cantero A, Serrano JCE, Bellmunt MJ, Romero MP, Motilva MJ, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Ferrer I, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M. Interplay between TDP-43 and docosahexaenoic acid-related processes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 88:148-60. [PMID: 26805387 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key lipid in nervous system homeostasis, is depleted in the spinal cord of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS) patients. However, the basis for such loss was unknown. METHODS DHA synthetic machinery was evaluated in spinal cord samples from ALS patients and controls by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Further, lipid composition was measured in organotypic spinal cord cultures by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In these samples, mitochondrial respiratory functions were measured by high resolution respirometry. Finally, Neuro2-A and stem cell-derived human neurons were used for evaluating mechanistic relationships between TDP-43 aggregation, oxidative stress and cellular changes in DHA-related proteins. RESULTS ALS is associated to changes in the spinal cord distribution of DHA synthesis enzymatic machinery comparing ten ALS cases and eight controls. We found increased levels of desaturases (ca 95% increase, p<0.001), but decreased amounts of DHA-related β-oxidation enzymes in ALS samples (40% decrease, p<0.05). Further, drebrin, a DHA-dependent synaptic protein, is depleted in spinal cord samples from ALS patients (around 40% loss, p<0.05). In contrast, chronic excitotoxicity in spinal cord increases DHA acid amount, with both enhanced concentrations of neuroprotective docosahexaenoic acid-derived resolvin D, and higher lipid peroxidation-derived molecules such as 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2-α (8-iso-PGF2α) levels. Since α-tocopherol improved mitochondrial respiratory function and motor neuron survival in these conditions, it is suggested that oxidative stress could boost motor neuron loss. Cell culture and metabolic flux experiments, showing enhanced expression of desaturases (FADS2) and β-oxidation enzymes after H2O2 challenge suggest that DHA production can be an initial response to oxidative stress, driven by TDP-43 aggregation and drebrin loss. Interestingly, these changes were dependent on cell type used, since human neurons exhibited losses of FADS2 and drebrin after oxidative stress. These features (drebrin loss and FADS2 alterations) were also produced by transfection by aggregation prone C-terminal fragments of TDP-43. CONCLUSIONS sALS is associated with tissue-specific DHA-dependent synthetic machinery alteration. Furthermore, excitotoxicity sinergizes with oxidative stress to increase DHA levels, which could act as a response over stress, involving the expression of DHA synthetic enzymes. Later on, this allostatic overload could exacerbate cell stress by contributing to TDP-43 aggregation. This, at its turn, could blunt this protective response, overall leading to DHA depletion and neuronal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cacabelos
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Victòria Ayala
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Granado-Serrano
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Pascual Torres
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Jordi Boada
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rosanna Cabré
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Omar Ramírez-Núñez
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Hugo Gonzalo
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Aranzazu Soler-Cantero
- Departament de Tecnologia d'Aliments, XaRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d' Enginyeria Agrària, UdL, Avda Rovira Roure, 85, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - José Carlos Enrique Serrano
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Maria Josep Bellmunt
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - María Paz Romero
- Departament de Tecnologia d'Aliments, XaRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d' Enginyeria Agrària, UdL, Avda Rovira Roure, 85, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - María José Motilva
- Departament de Tecnologia d'Aliments, XaRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d' Enginyeria Agrària, UdL, Avda Rovira Roure, 85, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Department of Neuropathology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Departament de Tecnologia d'Aliments, XaRTA-TPV, Escola Tècnica Superior d' Enginyeria Agrària, UdL, Avda Rovira Roure, 85, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Health, Spain. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, c/La Feixa Llarga, S/N 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IRBLLEIDA-UDL, Avda Rovira Roure, 44, 25008 Lleida, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Rockwell P, Schmidt-Glenewinkel T, Serrano P. Neuroinflammation and J2 prostaglandins: linking impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and mitochondria to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 7:104. [PMID: 25628533 PMCID: PMC4292445 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response of the CNS is a defense mechanism activated upon injury to initiate repair mechanisms while chronic over-activation of the CNS immune system (termed neuroinflammation) may exacerbate injury. The latter is implicated in a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, HIV dementia, and prion diseases. Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), which are key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid into bioactive prostanoids, play a central role in the inflammatory cascade. J2 prostaglandins are endogenous toxic products of cyclooxygenases, and because their levels are significantly increased upon brain injury, they are actively involved in neuronal dysfunction induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms by which J2 prostaglandins (1) exert their actions, (2) potentially contribute to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and to the spreading of neuropathology, (3) disturb the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and mitochondrial function, and (4) contribute to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and demyelination in Krabbe disease. We conclude by discussing the therapeutic potential of targeting the J2 prostaglandin pathway to prevent/delay neurodegeneration associated with neuroinflammation. In this context, we suggest a shift from the traditional view that cyclooxygenases are the most appropriate targets to treat neuroinflammation, to the notion that J2 prostaglandin pathways and other neurotoxic prostaglandins downstream from cyclooxygenases, would offer significant benefits as more effective therapeutic targets to treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases, while minimizing adverse side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Figueiredo-Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Rockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Schmidt-Glenewinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chang HY, Hou SC, Way TD, Wong CH, Wang IF. Heat-shock protein dysregulation is associated with functional and pathological TDP-43 aggregation. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2757. [PMID: 24220679 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational disorders are involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major contributors to neurodegenerative disease; however, ROS that affect the structural changes in misfolded disease proteins have yet to be well characterized. Here we demonstrate that the intrinsic propensity of TDP-43 to aggregate drives the assembly of TDP-43-positive stress granules and soluble toxic TDP-43 oligomers in response to a ROS insult via a disulfide crosslinking-independent mechanism. Notably, ROS-induced TDP-43 protein assembly correlates with the dynamics of certain TDP-43-associated chaperones. The heat-shock protein (HSP)-90 inhibitor 17-AAG prevents ROS-induced TDP-43 aggregation, alters the type of TDP-43 multimers and reduces the severity of pathological TDP-43 inclusions. In summary, our study suggests that a common mechanism could be involved in the pathogenesis of conformational diseases that result from HSP dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Chang
- 1] Garage Brain Science, Taichung 413, Taiwan [2] Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oeste CL, Pérez-Sala D. Modification of cysteine residues by cyclopentenone prostaglandins: interplay with redox regulation of protein function. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:110-125. [PMID: 23818260 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPG) are endogenous lipid mediators involved in the resolution of inflammation and the regulation of cell proliferation and cellular redox status. Upon exogenous administration they have shown beneficial effects in models of inflammation and tissue injury, as well as potential antitumoral actions, which have raised a considerable interest in their study for the development of therapeutic tools. Due to their electrophilic nature, the best-known mechanism of action of these mediators is the covalent modification of proteins at cysteine residues through Michael addition. Identification of cyPG targets through proteomic approaches, including MS/MS analysis to pinpoint the modified residues, is proving critical to characterize their mechanisms of action. Among the targets of cyPG are proinflammatory transcription factors, proteins involved in cell defense, such as the regulator of the antioxidant response Keap1 and detoxifying enzymes like GST, and key signaling proteins like Ras proteins. Moreover, cyPG may interact with redox-active small molecules, such as glutathione and hydrogen sulfide. Much has been learned about cyPG in the past few years and this knowledge has also contributed to clarify both pharmacological actions and signaling mechanisms of these and other electrophilic lipids. Given the fact that many cyPG targets are involved in or are targets for redox regulation, there is a complex interplay with redox-induced modifications. Here we address the modification of protein cysteine residues by cyPG elucidated by proteomic studies, paying special attention to the interplay with redox signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara L Oeste
- Chemical and Physical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
D’Amico E, Factor-Litvak P, Santella RM, Mitsumoto H. Clinical perspective on oxidative stress in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:509-527. [PMID: 23797033 PMCID: PMC3859834 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most devastating neurological diseases; most patients die within 3 to 4 years after symptom onset. Oxidative stress is a disturbance in the pro-oxidative/antioxidative balance favoring the pro-oxidative state. Autopsy and laboratory studies in ALS indicate that oxidative stress plays a major role in motor neuron degeneration and astrocyte dysfunction. Oxidative stress biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine are elevated, suggesting that abnormal oxidative stress is generated outside of the central nervous system. Our review indicates that agricultural chemicals, heavy metals, military service, professional sports, excessive physical exertion, chronic head trauma, and certain foods might be modestly associated with ALS risk, with a stronger association between risk and smoking. At the cellular level, these factors are all involved in generating oxidative stress. Experimental studies indicate that a combination of insults that induce modest oxidative stress can exert additive deleterious effects on motor neurons, suggesting that multiple exposures in real-world environments are important. As the disease progresses, nutritional deficiency, cachexia, psychological stress, and impending respiratory failure may further increase oxidative stress. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that ALS is possibly a systemic disease. Laboratory, pathologic, and epidemiologic evidence clearly supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress is central in the pathogenic process, particularly in genetically susceptive individuals. If we are to improve ALS treatment, well-designed biochemical and genetic epidemiological studies, combined with a multidisciplinary research approach, are needed and will provide knowledge crucial to our understanding of ALS etiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele D’Amico
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Research Center, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street (NI-9), New York, NY 10032, ;
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032,
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032,
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig MDA/ALS Research Center, The Neurological Institute of New York, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 West 168th Street (NI-9), New York, NY 10032
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keap1 is localized in neuronal and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in various neurodegenerative diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:18-28. [PMID: 23242280 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31827b5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential mechanism for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In response to oxidative stress, the levels of numerous cytoprotective products are increased via alteration of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system. One of the Nrf2 targets, p62, has been known to be incorporated into a wide spectrum of cytoplasmic inclusions in neurodegenerative diseases and interact with Keap1. However, it remains unclear whether Keap1 is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between p62 and Keap1 in the brains of patients with AD, PD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and ALS. Biochemical analyses showed that p62 and Keap1 interacted with each other in AD and DLB brains and were extracted into similar detergent-soluble and -insoluble fractions. Pathologic examination demonstrated that anti-Keap1 antibodies immunostained Lewy bodies in PD and DLB, neurofibrillary tangles in AD, and skeinlike inclusions in ALS. Further analysis showed that the levels of common Nrf2 target genes were increased in AD compared with those in controls. However, there were no statistical significances in the levels of Nrf2 target genes in DLB relative to controls. Our pathologic and biochemical results suggest a molecular basis for stress response to be involved in the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions observed in several neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tanji K, Zhang HX, Mori F, Kakita A, Takahashi H, Wakabayashi K. p62/sequestosome 1 binds to TDP-43 in brains with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:2034-42. [PMID: 22674379 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-positive cytoplasmic inclusions are consistently found in various neurodegenerative diseases. As with ubiquitin, anti-p62/SQSTM1 (referred to as p62) antibody clearly immunostains these inclusions. p62 has a ubiquitin-associated domain at the carboxyl terminus and thereby interacts with ubiquitinated and misfolded proteins. Here we immunoprecipitated endogenous p62 in the cerebral cortex from patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) and found that p62 coimmunoprecipitated several proteins, including TDP-43, which is a major disease protein in FTLD-TDP. Unexpectedly, p62 immunoprecipitated a smaller amount of TDP-43 in FTLD-TDP compared with controls. Further analyses showed that p62 physiologically binds to TDP-43 and likely is involved in degradation of TDP-43 with 35-kDa, but not full-length TDP-43. Our results suggest that the interaction of TDP-43 and p62 is disrupted and may participate in the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Buratti E, Baralle FE. TDP-43: gumming up neurons through protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions. Trends Biochem Sci 2012; 37:237-47. [PMID: 22534659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery that 43 kDa TAR DNA binding protein (TDP-43) is involved in neurodegeneration, studies of this protein have focused on the global effects of TDP-43 expression modulation on cell metabolism and survival. The major difficulty with these global searches, which can yield hundreds to thousands of variations in gene expression level and/or mRNA isoforms, is our limited ability to separate specific TDP-43 effects from secondary dysregulations occurring at the gene expression and various mRNA processing steps. In this review, we focus on two biochemical properties of TDP-43: its ability to bind RNA and its protein-protein interactions. In particular, we overview how these two properties may affect potentially very important processes for the pathology, from the autoregulation of TDP-43 to aggregation in the cytoplasmic/nuclear compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cohen TJ, Hwang AW, Unger T, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Redox signalling directly regulates TDP-43 via cysteine oxidation and disulphide cross-linking. EMBO J 2011; 31:1241-52. [PMID: 22193716 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is the major disease protein in ubiquitin-positive inclusions of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) characterized by TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP). Accumulation of insoluble TDP-43 aggregates could impair normal TDP-43 functions and initiate disease progression. Thus, it is critical to define the signalling mechanisms regulating TDP-43 since this could open up new avenues for therapeutic interventions. Here, we have identified a redox-mediated signalling mechanism directly regulating TDP-43. Using in vitro and cell-based studies, we demonstrate that oxidative stress promotes TDP-43 cross-linking via cysteine oxidation and disulphide bond formation leading to decreased TDP-43 solubility. Biochemical analysis identified several cysteine residues located within and adjacent to the second RNA-recognition motif that contribute to both intra- and inter-molecular interactions, supporting TDP-43 as a target of redox signalling. Moreover, increased levels of cross-linked TDP-43 species are found in FTLD-TDP brains, indicating that aberrant TDP-43 cross-linking is a prominent pathological feature of this disease. Thus, TDP-43 is dynamically regulated by a redox regulatory switch that links oxidative stress to the modulation of TDP-43 and its downstream targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd J Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
TDP-43 functions and pathogenic mechanisms implicated in TDP-43 proteinopathies. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:659-67. [PMID: 21783422 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the critical role for TDP-43 in diverse neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP), there has been a recent surge in efforts to understand the normal functions of TDP-43 and the molecular basis of dysregulation that occurs in TDP-43 proteinopathies. Here, we highlight recent findings examining TDP-43 molecular functions with particular emphasis on stress-mediated regulation of TDP-43 localization, putative downstream TDP-43 target genes and RNAs, as well as TDP-43 interacting proteins, all of which represent viable points of therapeutic intervention for ALS, FTLD-TDP and related proteinopathies. Finally, we review current mouse models of TDP-43 and discuss their similarities and potential relevance to human TDP-43 proteinopathies including ALS and FTLD-TDP.
Collapse
|
14
|
Electrophilic eicosanoids: Signaling and targets. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 192:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|