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O'Kane D, Baldwin GS, Bolton DM, Ischia JJ, Patel O. Preconditioning against renal ischaemia reperfusion injury: the failure to translate to the clinic. J Nephrol 2019; 32:539-547. [PMID: 30635875 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) as a result of ischaemia-reperfusion represents a major healthcare burden worldwide. Mortality rates from AKI in hospitalized patients are extremely high and have changed little despite decades of research and medical advances. In 1986, Murry et al. demonstrated for the first time the phenomenon of ischaemic preconditioning to protect against ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This seminal finding paved the way for a broad body of research, which attempted to understand and ultimately harness this phenomenon for human application. The ability of preconditioning to limit renal IRI has now been demonstrated in multiple different animal models. However, more than 30 years later, a safe and consistent method of protecting human organs, including the kidneys, against IRI is still not available. This review highlights agents which, despite strong preclinical data, have recently failed to reduce AKI in human trials. The multiple reasons which may have contributed to the failure to translate some of the promising findings to clinical therapies are discussed. Agents which hold promise in the clinic because of their recent efficacy in preclinical large animal models are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot O'Kane
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham S Baldwin
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
| | - Damien M Bolton
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph J Ischia
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Oneel Patel
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
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Wang T, Zeng LN, Zhu Z, Wang YH, Ding L, Luo WB, Zhang XM, He ZW, Wu HF. Effect of lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha delivered by pluronic F-127 hydrogel on brachial plexus avulsion in rats. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1069-1078. [PMID: 30762021 PMCID: PMC6404506 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus avulsion often results in massive motor neuron death and severe functional deficits of target muscles. However, no satisfactory treatment is currently available. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is a critical molecule targeting several genes associated with ischemia-hypoxia damage and angiogenesis. In this study, a rat model of brachial plexus avulsion-reimplantation was established, in which C5–7 ventral nerve roots were avulsed and only the C6 root reimplanted. Different implants were immediately injected using a microsyringe into the avulsion-reimplantation site of the C6 root post-brachial plexus avulsion. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: phosphate-buffered saline, negative control of lentivirus, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α overexpression lentivirus), gel (pluronic F-127 hydrogel), and gel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (pluronic F-127 hydrogel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α overexpression lentivirus). The Terzis grooming test was performed to assess recovery of motor function. Scores were higher in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and gel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α groups (in particular the gel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α group) compared with the phosphate-buffered saline group. Electrophysiology, fluorogold retrograde tracing, and immunofluorescent staining were further performed to investigate neural pathway reconstruction and changes of neurons, motor endplates, and angiogenesis. Compared with the phosphate-buffered saline group, action potential latency of musculocutaneous nerves was markedly shortened in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and gel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α groups. Meanwhile, the number of fluorogold-positive cells and ChAT-positive neurons, neovascular area (labeled by CD31 around avulsed sites in ipsilateral spinal cord segments), and the number of motor endplates in biceps brachii (identified by α-bungarotoxin) were all visibly increased, as well as the morphology of motor endplate in biceps brachil was clear in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and gel + hypoxia-inducible factor 1α groups. Taken together, delivery of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α overexpression lentiviral vectors mediated by pluronic F-127 effectively promotes spinal root regeneration and functional recovery post-brachial plexus avulsion. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Guangdong Medical University, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan; Department of Surgery, the Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Ni Zeng
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstruction Surgery Center, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan; Department of Surgery, the Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Scientific Research Center, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Bin Luo
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan; Department of Surgery, the Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Min Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wei He
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Fu Wu
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
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Chen L, Wang L, Zhuo Q, Zhang Q, Chen F, Li L, Lin L. Effect of Shenmai injection on cognitive function after cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgical patients: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:142. [PMID: 30309327 PMCID: PMC6182819 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after cardiac surgery that influences the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Shenmai injection (SMI) on POCD of patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS This prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted from September 2014 to January 2017. Eighty-eight patients receiving cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomized into the control (C) or the SMI (S) group. SMI (0.6 mL/kg) was administered intravenously from the time of anesthesia induction to the beginning of CPB. Cognitive function was assessed at 3 days before surgery and 3 days, 7 days, and 1 month after surgery using the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BJ) score. The serum levels of neuroglobin (Ngb), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured at 30 min after induction (T0), immediately after the endonasal temperature rewarmed to 36 °C (T1), and 1 h (T2), 6 h (T3), 24 h (T4), 48 h (T5), and 72 h (T6) after CPB. RESULTS Compared with the baseline values at T0, the serum Ngb levels in group C were significantly decreased at T1-2 and then increased at T3-6, while the levels in group S were decreased at T1-2 and increased at T4-6, compared to group C (p < 0.05). The serum HIF-1α levels at T1-4 and the serum NSE levels at T1-6 were significantly increased in both groups (p < 0.05). The serum levels of Ngb at T3, HIF-1α at T1-3, and NSE at T3-4,6 were lower in group S, compared to group C (p < 0.01). The MoCA-BJ scores were decreased at 3 and 7 days after surgery in both groups, and the MoCA-BJ scores in group S were higher than those in group C at 3 and 7 days after surgery (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cognitive function is impaired postoperatively in patients who have undergone cardiac valve replacement under CPB. In addition, treatment with the traditional Chinese medicine SMI decreases the serum levels of Ngb, HIF-1α, and NSE as well as attenuates cognitive dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov as ChiCTR-TRC-14004373 on March 11, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liangrong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qian Zhuo
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lina Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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He B, Chen P, Xie Y, Li S, Zhang X, Yang R, Wang G, Shen Z, Wang H. 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 protects SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3867-3871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rao K, Sethi K, Ischia J, Gibson L, Galea L, Xiao L, Yim M, Chang M, Papa N, Bolton D, Shulkes A, Baldwin GS, Patel O. Protective effect of zinc preconditioning against renal ischemia reperfusion injury is dose dependent. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180028. [PMID: 28686686 PMCID: PMC5501469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Two promising preconditioning methods for the kidney, intermittent arterial clamping (IC) and treatment with the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride, have never been directly compared. Furthermore, the protective efficacy of the chemically related transition metal Zn2+ against renal IRI is unclear. Although Co2+ ions have been shown to protect the kidney via hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), the effect of Zn2+ ions on the induction of HIF1α, HIF2α and HIF3α has not been investigated previously. Materials and methods The efficacy of different preconditioning techniques was assessed using a Sprague-Dawley rat model of renal IRI. Induction of HIF proteins following Zn2+ treatment of the human kidney cell lines HK-2 (immortalized normal tubular cells) and ACHN (renal cancer) was measured using Western Blot. Results Following 40 minutes of renal ischemia in rats, cobalt preconditioning offered greater protection against renal IRI than IC as evidenced by lower peak serum creatinine and urea concentrations. ZnCl2 (10 mg/kg) significantly lowered the creatinine and urea concentrations compared to saline-treated control rats following a clinically relevant 60 minutes of ischemia. Zn2+ induced expression of HIF1α and HIF2α but not HIF3α in HK-2 and ACHN cells. Conclusion ZnCl2 preconditioning protects against renal IRI in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are warranted to determine the possible mechanisms involved, and to assess the benefit of ZnCl2 preconditioning for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Rao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kapil Sethi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Ischia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke Gibson
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laurence Galea
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Mildred Yim
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Mike Chang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Papa
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- Department of Urology Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Shulkes
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham S. Baldwin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
| | - Oneel Patel
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Neitemeier S, Dolga AM, Honrath B, Karuppagounder SS, Alim I, Ratan RR, Culmsee C. Inhibition of HIF-prolyl-4-hydroxylases prevents mitochondrial impairment and cell death in a model of neuronal oxytosis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2214. [PMID: 27148687 PMCID: PMC4917646 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment induced by oxidative stress is a main characteristic of intrinsic cell death pathways in neurons underlying the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, protection of mitochondrial integrity and function is emerging as a promising strategy to prevent neuronal damage. Here, we show that pharmacological inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-4-hydroxylases (HIF-PHDs) by adaptaquin inhibits lipid peroxidation and fully maintains mitochondrial function as indicated by restored mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, reduced formation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preserved mitochondrial respiration, thereby protecting neuronal HT-22 cells in a model of glutamate-induced oxytosis. Selective reduction of PHD1 protein using CRISPR/Cas9 technology also reduced both lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial impairment, and attenuated glutamate toxicity in the HT-22 cells. Regulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression levels and related target genes may mediate these beneficial effects. Overall, these results expose HIF-PHDs as promising targets to protect mitochondria and, thereby, neurons from oxidative cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Neitemeier
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - A M Dolga
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - B Honrath
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - S S Karuppagounder
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - I Alim
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R R Ratan
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Culmsee
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmazie, Biochemisch-Pharmakologisches Centrum Marburg, Fachbereich Pharmazie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 1, Marburg 35032, Germany
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7
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Aleyasin H, Karuppagounder SS, Kumar A, Sleiman S, Basso M, Ma T, Siddiq A, Chinta SJ, Brochier C, Langley B, Haskew-Layton R, Bane SL, Riggins GJ, Gazaryan I, Starkov AA, Andersen JK, Ratan RR. Antihelminthic benzimidazoles are novel HIF activators that prevent oxidative neuronal death via binding to tubulin. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:121-34. [PMID: 24766300 PMCID: PMC4281859 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pharmacological activation of the adaptive response to hypoxia is a therapeutic strategy of growing interest for neurological conditions, including stroke, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. We screened a drug library with known safety in humans using a hippocampal neuroblast line expressing a reporter of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent transcription. RESULTS Our screen identified more than 40 compounds with the ability to induce hypoxia response element-driven luciferase activity as well or better than deferoxamine, a canonical activator of hypoxic adaptation. Among the chemical entities identified, the antihelminthic benzimidazoles represented one pharmacophore that appeared multiple times in our screen. Secondary assays confirmed that antihelminthics stabilized the transcriptional activator HIF-1α and induced expression of a known HIF target gene, p21(cip1/waf1), in post-mitotic cortical neurons. The on-target effect of these agents in stimulating hypoxic signaling was binding to free tubulin. Moreover, antihelminthic benzimidazoles also abrogated oxidative stress-induced death in vitro, and this on-target effect also involves binding to free tubulin. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that tubulin-binding drugs can activate a component of the hypoxic adaptive response, specifically the stabilization of HIF-1α and its downstream targets. Tubulin-binding drugs, including antihelminthic benzimidazoles, also abrogate oxidative neuronal death in primary neurons. Given their safety in humans and known ability to penetrate into the central nervous system, antihelminthic benzimidazoles may be considered viable candidates for treating diseases associated with oxidative neuronal death, including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Aleyasin
- 1 Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute , White Plains, New York
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8
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Speer RE, Karuppagounder SS, Basso M, Sleiman SF, Kumar A, Brand D, Smirnova N, Gazaryan I, Khim SJ, Ratan RR. Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases as targets for neuroprotection by "antioxidant" metal chelators: From ferroptosis to stroke. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:26-36. [PMID: 23376032 PMCID: PMC4327984 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurologic conditions including stroke, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease are leading causes of death and long-term disability in the United States, and efforts to develop novel therapeutics for these conditions have historically had poor success in translating from bench to bedside. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α mediates a broad, evolutionarily conserved, endogenous adaptive program to hypoxia, and manipulation of components of the HIF pathway is neuroprotective in a number of human neurological diseases and experimental models. In this review, we discuss molecular components of one aspect of hypoxic adaptation in detail and provide perspective on which targets within this pathway seem to be ripest for preventing and repairing neurodegeneration. Further, we highlight the role of HIF prolyl hydroxylases as emerging targets for the salutary effects of metal chelators on ferroptosis in vitro as well in animal models of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Speer
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Manuela Basso
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Sama F Sleiman
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - David Brand
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Natalya Smirnova
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Irina Gazaryan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Soah J Khim
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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9
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Karuppagounder SS, Basso M, Sleiman SF, Ma TC, Speer RE, Smirnova NA, Gazaryan IG, Ratan RR. In vitro ischemia suppresses hypoxic induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α by inhibition of synthesis and not enhanced degradation. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1066-75. [PMID: 23456821 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates a broad, conserved adaptive response to hypoxia, and the HIF pathway is a potential therapeutic target in cerebral ischemia. This study investigated the mechanism by which in vitro ischemia (oxygen-glucose deprivation; OGD) affects canonical hypoxic HIF-1α stabilization. We validated the use of a reporter containing the oxygen-dependent degradation domain of HIF-1α fused to firefly luciferase (ODD-luc) to monitor quantitatively distinct biochemical events leading to hypoxic HIF-1α expression or stabilization in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). When OGD was imposed following a 2-hr hypoxic stabilization of ODD-luc, the levels of the reporter were reduced, consistent with prior models proposing that OGD enhances HIF prolylhydroxylase (PHD) activity. Surprisingly, PHD inhibitors and proteasome inhibitors do not stabilize ODD-luc in OGD. Furthermore, OGD does not affect the half-life of ODD-luc protein following hypoxia, suggesting that OGD abrogates hypoxic HIF-1α induction by reducing HIF-1α synthesis rather than by enhancing its degradation. We observed ATP depletion under OGD vs. hypoxia and propose that ATP depletion enhances translational suppression, overcoming the selective synthesis of HIF concurrent with global decreases in protein synthesis in hypoxia. Taken together, these findings biochemically characterize a practical reporter for monitoring HIF-1α levels and support a novel model for HIF regulation in an in vitro model of human ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Kagias K, Nehammer C, Pocock R. Neuronal responses to physiological stress. Front Genet 2012; 3:222. [PMID: 23112806 PMCID: PMC3481051 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological stress can be defined as any external or internal condition that challenges the homeostasis of a cell or an organism. It can be divided into three different aspects: environmental stress, intrinsic developmental stress, and aging. Throughout life all living organisms are challenged by changes in the environment. Fluctuations in oxygen levels, temperature, and redox state for example, trigger molecular events that enable an organism to adapt, survive, and reproduce. In addition to external stressors, organisms experience stress associated with morphogenesis and changes in inner chemistry during normal development. For example, conditions such as intrinsic hypoxia and oxidative stress, due to an increase in tissue mass, have to be confronted by developing embryos in order to complete their development. Finally, organisms face the challenge of stochastic accumulation of molecular damage during aging that results in decline and eventual death. Studies have shown that the nervous system plays a pivotal role in responding to stress. Neurons not only receive and process information from the environment but also actively respond to various stresses to promote survival. These responses include changes in the expression of molecules such as transcription factors and microRNAs that regulate stress resistance and adaptation. Moreover, both intrinsic and extrinsic stresses have a tremendous impact on neuronal development and maintenance with implications in many diseases. Here, we review the responses of neurons to various physiological stressors at the molecular and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kagias
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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