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Guitart X, Chern Y, Ferré S. Targeting the equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 in Huntington disease. Oncotarget 2019; 8:12550-12551. [PMID: 28179589 PMCID: PMC5355032 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Guitart
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Blum D, Chern Y, Domenici MR, Buée L, Lin CY, Rea W, Ferré S, Popoli P. The Role of Adenosine Tone and Adenosine Receptors in Huntington's Disease. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018; 8:43-58. [PMID: 30023989 PMCID: PMC6049521 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2018.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the IT15 gene that encodes for the huntingtin protein. Mutated hungtingtin, although widely expressed in the brain, predominantly affects striato-pallidal neurons, particularly enriched with adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), suggesting a possible involvement of adenosine and A2AR is the pathogenesis of HD. In fact, polymorphic variation in the ADORA2A gene influences the age at onset in HD, and A2AR dynamics is altered by mutated huntingtin. Basal levels of adenosine and adenosine receptors are involved in many processes critical for neuronal function and homeostasis, including modulation of synaptic activity and excitotoxicity, the control of neurotrophin levels and functions, and the regulation of protein degradation mechanisms. In the present review, we critically analyze the current literature involving the effect of altered adenosine tone and adenosine receptors in HD and discuss why therapeutics that modulate the adenosine system may represent a novel approach for the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maria Rosaria Domenici
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William Rea
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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3
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Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Naaldijk Y, Sardá-Arroyo L, Gonçalves MCB, Corrêa-Velloso J, Pillat MM, de Souza HDN, Ulrich H. Purinergic Receptors in Neurological Diseases With Motor Symptoms: Targets for Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:325. [PMID: 29692728 PMCID: PMC5902708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since proving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) functions as a neurotransmitter in neuron/glia interactions, the purinergic system has been more intensely studied within the scope of the central nervous system. In neurological disorders with associated motor symptoms, including Parkinson's disease (PD), motor neuron diseases (MND), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's Disease (HD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and ataxias, alterations in purinergic receptor expression and activity have been noted, indicating a potential role for this system in disease etiology and progression. In neurodegenerative conditions, neural cell death provokes extensive ATP release and alters calcium signaling through purinergic receptor modulation. Consequently, neuroinflammatory responses, excitotoxicity and apoptosis are directly or indirectly induced. This review analyzes currently available data, which suggests involvement of the purinergic system in neuro-associated motor dysfunctions and underlying mechanisms. Possible targets for pharmacological interventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sardá-Arroyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. B. Gonçalves
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Corrêa-Velloso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Micheli M. Pillat
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Héllio D. N. de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Moreno E, Chiarlone A, Medrano M, Puigdellívol M, Bibic L, Howell LA, Resel E, Puente N, Casarejos MJ, Perucho J, Botta J, Suelves N, Ciruela F, Ginés S, Galve-Roperh I, Casadó V, Grandes P, Lutz B, Monory K, Canela EI, Lluís C, McCormick PJ, Guzmán M. Singular Location and Signaling Profile of Adenosine A 2A-Cannabinoid CB 1 Receptor Heteromers in the Dorsal Striatum. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:964-977. [PMID: 28102227 PMCID: PMC5854787 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dorsal striatum is a key node for many neurobiological processes such as motor activity, cognitive functions, and affective processes. The proper functioning of striatal neurons relies critically on metabotropic receptors. Specifically, the main adenosine and endocannabinoid receptors present in the striatum, ie, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R), are of pivotal importance in the control of neuronal excitability. Facilitatory and inhibitory functional interactions between striatal A2AR and CB1R have been reported, and evidence supports that this cross-talk may rely, at least in part, on the formation of A2AR-CB1R heteromeric complexes. However, the specific location and properties of these heteromers have remained largely unknown. Here, by using techniques that allowed a precise visualization of the heteromers in situ in combination with sophisticated genetically modified animal models, together with biochemical and pharmacological approaches, we provide a high-resolution expression map and a detailed functional characterization of A2AR-CB1R heteromers in the dorsal striatum. Specifically, our data unveil that the A2AR-CB1R heteromer (i) is essentially absent from corticostriatal projections and striatonigral neurons, and, instead, is largely present in striatopallidal neurons, (ii) displays a striking G protein-coupled signaling profile, where co-stimulation of both receptors leads to strongly reduced downstream signaling, and (iii) undergoes an unprecedented dysfunction in Huntington's disease, an archetypal disease that affects striatal neurons. Altogether, our findings may open a new conceptual framework to understand the role of coordinated adenosine-endocannabinoid signaling in the indirect striatal pathway, which may be relevant in motor function and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Chiarlone
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Medrano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Puigdellívol
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lucka Bibic
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Lesley A Howell
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Eva Resel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nagore Puente
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Zamudio, Spain
| | | | - Juan Perucho
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Botta
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Nuria Suelves
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Biomedical Science Department, School of Medicine; Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, IDIBELL, and Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Biomedical Science Department, School of Medicine; Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Neuroscience Institute, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ismael Galve-Roperh
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Krisztina Monory
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Enric I Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Lluís
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain, Tel: +34 93 4021208, Fax: +34 93 4021559, E-mail:
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK,School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK, Tel: +44 (0)1483 684399, Fax: +44 (0)1483 684399, E-mail:
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain, Tel: +34 91 3944668, Fax: +34 91 3944672, E-mail:
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5
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Tyebji S, Hannan AJ. Synaptopathic mechanisms of neurodegeneration and dementia: Insights from Huntington's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:18-45. [PMID: 28377290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dementia encapsulates a set of symptoms that include loss of mental abilities such as memory, problem solving or language, and reduces a person's ability to perform daily activities. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, however dementia can also occur in other neurological disorders such as Huntington's disease (HD). Many studies have demonstrated that loss of neuronal cell function manifests pre-symptomatically and thus is a relevant therapeutic target to alleviate symptoms. Synaptopathy, the physiological dysfunction of synapses, is now being approached as the target for many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including HD. HD is an autosomal dominant and progressive degenerative disorder, with clinical manifestations that encompass movement, cognition, mood and behaviour. HD is one of the most common tandem repeat disorders and is caused by a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat expansion, encoding an extended polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Animal models as well as human studies have provided detailed, although not exhaustive, evidence of synaptic dysfunction in HD. In this review, we discuss the neuropathology of HD and how the changes in synaptic signalling in the diseased brain lead to its symptoms, which include dementia. Here, we review and discuss the mechanisms by which the 'molecular orchestras' and their 'synaptic symphonies' are disrupted in neurodegeneration and dementia, focusing on HD as a model disease. We also explore the therapeutic strategies currently in pre-clinical and clinical testing that are targeted towards improving synaptic function in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Tyebji
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Guitart X, Bonaventura J, Rea W, Orrú M, Cellai L, Dettori I, Pedata F, Brugarolas M, Cortés A, Casadó V, Chang CP, Narayanan M, Chern Y, Ferré S. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter ENT1 as a biomarker of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:47-53. [PMID: 27567601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial goal of this study was to investigate alterations in adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) density or function in a rat model of Huntington disease (HD) with reported insensitivity to an A2AR antagonist. Unsuspected negative results led to the hypothesis of a low striatal adenosine tone and to the search for the mechanisms involved. Extracellular striatal concentrations of adenosine were measured with in vivo microdialysis in two rodent models of early neuropathological stages of HD disease, the Tg51 rat and the zQ175 knock-in mouse. In view of the crucial role of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1) in determining extracellular content of adenosine, the binding properties of the ENT1 inhibitor [3H]-S-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine were evaluated in zQ175 mice and the differential expression and differential coexpression patterns of the ENT1 gene (SLC29A1) were analyzed in a large human cohort of HD disease and controls. Extracellular striatal levels of adenosine were significantly lower in both animal models as compared with control littermates and striatal ENT1 binding sites were significantly upregulated in zQ175 mice. ENT1 transcript was significantly upregulated in HD disease patients at an early neuropathological severity stage, but not those with a higher severity stage, relative to non-demented controls. ENT1 transcript was differentially coexpressed (gained correlations) with several other genes in HD disease subjects compared to the control group. The present study demonstrates that ENT1 and adenosine constitute biomarkers of the initial stages of neurodegeneration in HD disease and also predicts that ENT1 could constitute a new therapeutic target to delay the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Guitart
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - William Rea
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Marco Orrú
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Lucrezia Cellai
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dettori
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Department NEUROFARBA, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Marc Brugarolas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network and Institute of Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network and Institute of Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona and Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Network and Institute of Biomedicine, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ching-Pang Chang
- Division of Neuroscience Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Manikandan Narayanan
- Systems Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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7
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Clark PJ, Ghasem PR, Mika A, Day HE, Herrera JJ, Greenwood BN, Fleshner M. Wheel running alters patterns of uncontrollable stress-induced cfos mRNA expression in rat dorsal striatum direct and indirect pathways: A possible role for plasticity in adenosine receptors. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:252-63. [PMID: 25017571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that adenosine is a major regulator of striatum activity, in part, through the antagonistic modulation of dopaminergic function. Exercise can influence adenosine and dopamine activity, which may subsequently promote plasticity in striatum adenosine and dopamine systems. Such changes could alter activity of medium spiny neurons and impact striatum function. The purpose of this study was twofold. The first was to characterize the effect of long-term wheel running on adenosine 1 (A1R), adenosine 2A (A2AR), dopamine 1 (D1R), and dopamine 2 (D2R) receptor mRNA expression in adult rat dorsal and ventral striatum structures using in situ hybridization. The second was to determine if changes to adenosine and dopamine receptor mRNA from running are associated with altered cfos mRNA induction in dynorphin- (direct pathway) and enkephalin- (indirect pathway) expressing neurons of the dorsal striatum following stress exposure. We report that chronic running, as well as acute uncontrollable stress, reduced A1R and A2AR mRNA levels in the dorsal and ventral striatum. Running also modestly elevated D2R mRNA levels in striatum regions. Finally, stress-induced cfos was potentiated in dynorphin and attenuated in enkephalin expressing neurons of running rats. These data suggest striatum adenosine and dopamine systems are targets for neuroplasticity from exercise, which may contribute to changes in direct and indirect pathway activity. These findings may have implications for striatum mediated motor and cognitive processes, as well as exercise facilitated stress-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Clark
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
| | - Parsa R Ghasem
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Agnieszka Mika
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Heidi E Day
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Jonathan J Herrera
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin N Greenwood
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
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8
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Lee CF, Chern Y. Adenosine receptors and Huntington's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 119:195-232. [PMID: 25175968 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801022-8.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine regulates important pathophysiological functions via four distinct adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). The A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (A1R and A2AR) are major targets of caffeine and have been extensively investigated. Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal CAG expansion in the Huntingtin gene. Since the first genetic HD model was created almost two decades ago, tremendous progress regarding the function of the adenosine receptors in HD has been made. Chronic intake of caffeine was recently shown to be positively associated with the disease onset of HD. Moreover, genetic polymorphism of A2AR is believed to impact the age of onset. Given the importance of adenosine receptors as drug targets for human diseases, this review highlights the recent findings that delineate the roles of adenosine receptors in HD and discusses their potential for serving as drug targets and/or biomarkers for HD. Adenosine is a purine nucleoside that regulates important physiological functions via four different adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). These adenosine receptors have seven transmembrane domains and belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. The functions of the A1 adenosine receptor (A1R) and A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) have been investigated relative to HD. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the role of adenosine receptors in HD and discuss the potential application of adenosine receptors as drug targets and biomarkers for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-fei Lee
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Kintz N, Petzinger GM, Akopian G, Ptasnik S, Williams C, Jakowec MW, Walsh JP. Exercise modifies α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor expression in striatopallidal neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned mouse. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1492-507. [PMID: 23918451 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-acid-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) plays a critical role in modulating experience-dependent neuroplasticity, and alterations in AMPAR expression may underlie synaptic dysfunction and disease pathophysiology. Using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of dopamine (DA) depletion, our previous work showed exercise increases total GluA2 subunit expression and the contribution of GluA2-containing channels in MPTP mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise-dependent changes in AMPAR expression after MPTP are specific to the striatopallidal (D2 R) or striatonigral (D1 R) medium spiny neuron (MSN) striatal projection pathways. Drd2 -eGFP-BAC transgenic mice were used to delineate differences in AMPAR expression between striatal D2 R-MSNs and D1 R-MSNs. Striatal AMPAR expression was assessed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Western immunoblotting (WB) of preparations enriched for postsynaptic density (PSD), and alterations in the current-voltage relationship of MSNs. We found DA depletion results in the emergence of GluA2-lacking AMPARs selectively in striatopallidal D2 R-MSNs and that exercise reverses this effect in MPTP mice. Exercise-induced changes in AMPAR channels observed after DA depletion were associated with alterations in GluA1 and GluA2 subunit expression in postsynaptic protein, D2 R-MSN cell surface expression, and restoration of corticostriatal plasticity. Mechanisms regulating experience-dependent changes in AMPAR expression may provide innovative therapeutic targets to increase the efficacy of treatments for basal ganglia disorders, including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kintz
- The George and MaryLou Boone Center for Parkinson's Disease Research, Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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10
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Villar-Menéndez I, Blanch M, Tyebji S, Pereira-Veiga T, Albasanz JL, Martín M, Ferrer I, Pérez-Navarro E, Barrachina M. Increased 5-Methylcytosine and Decreased 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Levels are Associated with Reduced Striatal A2AR Levels in Huntington’s Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:295-309. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Mrzljak L, Munoz-Sanjuan I. Therapeutic Strategies for Huntington's Disease. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2013; 22:161-201. [PMID: 24277342 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2013_250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease, caused by expansion of the CAG repeat in the huntingtin (HTT) gene and characterized pathologically by the loss of pyramidal neurons in several cortical areas, of striatal medium spiny neurons, and of hypothalamic neurons. Clinically, a distinguishing feature of the disease is uncontrolled involuntary movements (chorea, dyskensias) accompanied by progressive cognitive, motor, and psychiatric impairment. This review focuses on the current state of therapeutic development for the treatment of HD, including the preclinical and clinical development of small molecules and molecular therapies.
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