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Molinard-Chenu A, Fluss J, Laurent S, Laurent M, Guipponi M, Dayer AG. MCF2 is linked to a complex perisylvian syndrome and affects cortical lamination. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 7:121-125. [PMID: 31846234 PMCID: PMC6952308 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome (CBPS) with lower motor neuron dysfunction remains unusual and suggests a potential common genetic insult affecting basic neurodevelopmental processes. Here we identify a putatively pathogenic missense mutation in the MCF2 gene in a boy with CBPS. Using in utero electroporation to genetically manipulate cortical neurons during corticogenesis, we demonstrate that the mouse Mcf2 gene controls the embryonic migration of cortical projection neurons. Strikingly, we find that the CBPS-associated MCF2 mutation impairs cortical laminar positioning, supporting the hypothesis that alterations in the process of embryonic neuronal migration can lead to rare cases of CBPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Molinard-Chenu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, 4 CH-1211, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, 4 CH-1211, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3), University of Geneva Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Joël Fluss
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Pediatric Subspecialties Service, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sacha Laurent
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Méryle Laurent
- Pediatric Radiology Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Guipponi
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre G Dayer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, 4 CH-1211, Switzerland.,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, 4 CH-1211, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGe3), University of Geneva Medical Center (CMU), Geneva, 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
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Mikulska-Ruminska K, Strzelecki J, Nowak W. Dynamics, nanomechanics and signal transduction in reelin repeats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18974. [PMID: 31831824 PMCID: PMC6908669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a large glycoprotein controlling brain development and cell adhesion. It regulates the positioning of neurons, as well as neurotransmission and memory formation. Perturbations in reelin signaling are linked to psychiatric disorders. Reelin participates in signal transduction by binding to the lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and ApoER2 through its central region. This part is rich in repeating BNR-EGF-BNR modules. We used standard molecular dynamics, steered molecular dynamics, and perturbation response scanning computational methods to characterize unique dynamical properties of reelin modules involved in signaling. Each module has specific sensors and effectors arranged in a similar topology. In the modules studied, disulfide bridges play a protective role, probably making both selective binding and protease activity of reelin possible. Results of single reelin molecule stretching by atomic force microscopy provide the first data on the mechanical stability of individual reelin domains. The forces required for partial unfolding of the modules studied are below 60 pN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Janusz Strzelecki
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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