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Franz D, Richter A, Köhling R. Electrophysiological insights into deep brain stimulation of the network disorder dystonia. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1133-1147. [PMID: 37530804 PMCID: PMC10499667 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a treatment for modulating the abnormal central neuronal circuitry, has become the standard of care nowadays and is sometimes the only option to reduce symptoms of movement disorders such as dystonia. However, on the one hand, there are still open questions regarding the pathomechanisms of dystonia and, on the other hand, the mechanisms of DBS on neuronal circuitry. That lack of knowledge limits the therapeutic effect and makes it hard to predict the outcome of DBS for individual dystonia patients. Finding electrophysiological biomarkers seems to be a promising option to enable adapted individualised DBS treatment. However, biomarker search studies cannot be conducted on patients on a large scale and experimental approaches with animal models of dystonia are needed. In this review, physiological findings of deep brain stimulation studies in humans and animal models of dystonia are summarised and the current pathophysiological concepts of dystonia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Franz
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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Abu-hadid O, Jimenez-Shahed J. An overview of the pharmacotherapeutics for dystonia: advances over the past decade. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:1927-1940. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2147823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Abu-hadid
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
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Sexually dimorphic prelimbic cortex mechanisms play a role in alcohol dependence: protection by endostatin. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1937-1949. [PMID: 34253856 PMCID: PMC8429630 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis or proliferation of endothelial cells plays a role in brain microenvironment homeostasis. Previously we have shown enhanced expression of markers of angiogenesis in the medial prefrontal cortex during abstinence in an animal model of ethanol dependence induced by chronic intermittent ethanol vapor (CIE) and ethanol drinking (ED) procedure. Here we report that systemic injections of the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin reduced relapse to drinking behavior in female CIE-ED rats without affecting relapse to drinking in male CIE-ED rats, and female and male nondependent ED rats. Endostatin did not alter relapse to sucrose drinking in both sexes. Endostatin reduced expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in all groups; however, rescued expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 in the prelimbic cortex (PLC) of female CIE-ED rats. In both sexes, CIE-ED enhanced microglial activation in the PLC and this was selectively prevented by endostatin in female CIE-ED rats. Endostatin prevented CIE-ED-induced enhanced NF-kB activity and expression and Fos expression in females and did not alter reduced Fos expression in males. Analysis of synaptic processes within the PLC revealed sexually dimorphic adaptations, with CIE-ED reducing synaptic transmission and altering synaptic plasticity in the PLC in females, and increasing synaptic transmission in males. Endostatin prevented the neuroadaptations in the PLC in females via enhancing phosphorylation of CaMKII, without affecting the neuroadaptations in males. Our multifaceted approach is the first to link PLC endothelial cell damage to the behavioral, neuroimmune, and synaptic changes associated with relapse to ethanol drinking in female subjects, and provides a new therapeutic strategy to reduce relapse in dependent subjects.
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Heerdegen M, Zwar M, Franz D, Hörnschemeyer MF, Neubert V, Plocksties F, Niemann C, Timmermann D, Bahls C, van Rienen U, Paap M, Perl S, Lüttig A, Richter A, Köhling R. Mechanisms of pallidal deep brain stimulation: Alteration of cortico-striatal synaptic communication in a dystonia animal model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105341. [PMID: 33753292 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an important option for patients with severe dystonias, which are thought to arise from a disturbance in striatal control of the globus pallidus internus (GPi). The mechanisms of GPi-DBS are far from understood. Although a disturbance of striatal function is thought to play a key role in dystonia, the effects of DBS on cortico-striatal function are unknown. We hypothesised that DBS, via axonal backfiring, or indirectly via thalamic and cortical coupling, alters striatal function. We tested this hypothesis in the dtsz hamster, an animal model of inherited generalised, paroxysmal dystonia. Hamsters (dystonic and non-dystonic controls) were bilaterally implanted with stimulation electrodes in the GPi. DBS (130 Hz), and sham DBS, were performed in unanaesthetised animals for 3 h. Synaptic cortico-striatal field potentials, as well as miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) and firing properties of medium spiny striatal neurones were recorded in brain slice preparations obtained immediately after EPN-DBS. The main findings were as follows: a. DBS increased cortico-striatal evoked responses in healthy, but not in dystonic tissue. b. Commensurate with this, DBS increased inhibitory control of these evoked responses in dystonic, and decreased inhibitory control in healthy tissue. c. Further, DBS reduced mEPSC frequency strongly in dystonic, and less prominently in healthy tissue, showing that also a modulation of presynaptic mechanisms is likely involved. d. Cellular properties of medium-spiny neurones remained unchanged. We conclude that DBS leads to dampening of cortico-striatal communication, and restores intrastriatal inhibitory tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Heerdegen
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Monique Zwar
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Denise Franz
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany
| | | | - Valentin Neubert
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Franz Plocksties
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Niemann
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Timmermann
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Bahls
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Germany; Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Paap
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy und Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Perl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy und Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anika Lüttig
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy und Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy und Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Germany; Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Germany.
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Melis C, Beauvais G, Muntean BS, Cirnaru MD, Otrimski G, Creus-Muncunill J, Martemyanov KA, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Ehrlich ME. Striatal Dopamine Induced ERK Phosphorylation Is Altered in Mouse Models of Monogenic Dystonia. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1147-1157. [PMID: 33458877 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to some monogenic forms of dystonia, levodopa-induced dyskinesia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder with abnormal nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotransmission. Molecularly, it is characterized by hyper-induction of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase in response to dopamine in medium spiny neurons of the direct pathway. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine if mouse models of monogenic dystonia exhibit molecular features of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. METHODS Western blotting and quantitative immunofluorescence was used to assay baseline and/or dopamine-induced levels of the phosphorylated kinase in the striatum in mouse models of DYT1, DYT6, and DYT25 expressing a reporter in dopamine D1 receptor-expressing projection neurons. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) immunoassay and adenylyl cyclase activity assays were also performed. RESULTS In DYT1 and DYT6 models, blocking dopamine reuptake with cocaine leads to enhanced extracellular signal-related kinase phosphorylation in dorsomedial striatal medium spiny neurons in the direct pathway, which is abolished by pretreatment with the N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist MK-801. Phosphorylation is decreased in a model of DYT25. Levels of basal and stimulated cAMP and adenylyl cyclase activity were normal in the DYT1 and DYT6 mice and decreased in the DYT25 mice. Oxotremorine induced increased abnormal movements in the DYT1 knock-in mice. CONCLUSIONS The increased dopamine induction of extracellular signal-related kinase phosphorylation in 2 genetic types of dystonia, similar to what occurs in levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and its decrease in a third, suggests that abnormal signal transduction in response to dopamine in the postsynaptic nigrostriatal pathway might be a point of convergence for dystonia and other hyperkinetic movement disorders, potentially offering common therapeutic targets. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Melis
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Genevieve Beauvais
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian S Muntean
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Maria-Daniela Cirnaru
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Garrett Otrimski
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kirill A Martemyanov
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Unexpected ketamine effect in a patient with cervical dystonia. J Neurol 2021; 268:712-713. [PMID: 33388925 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Dystonia is by far the most intrusive and invalidating extrapyramidal side effect of potent classical antipsychotic drugs. Antipsychotic drug-induced dystonia is classified in both acute and tardive forms. The incidence of drug-induced dystonia is associated with the affinity to inhibitory dopamine D2 receptors. Particularly acute dystonia can be treated with anticholinergic drugs, but the tardive form may also respond to such antimuscarinic treatment, which contrasts their effects in tardive dyskinesia. Combining knowledge of the pathophysiology of primary focal dystonia with the anatomical and pharmacological organization of the extrapyramidal system may shed some light on the mechanism of antipsychotic drug-induced dystonia. A suitable hypothesis is derived from the understanding that focal dystonia may be due to a faulty processing of somatosensory input, so leading to inappropriate execution of well-trained motor programmes. Neuroplastic alterations of the sensitivity of extrapyramidal medium-sized spiny projection neurons to stimulation, which are induced by the training of specific complex movements, lead to the sophisticated execution of these motor plans. The sudden and non-selective disinhibition of indirect pathway medium-sized spiny projection neurons by blocking dopamine D2 receptors may distort this process. Shutting down the widespread influence of tonically active giant cholinergic interneurons on all medium-sized spiny projection neurons by blocking muscarinic receptors may result in a reduction of the influence of extrapyramidal cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical regulation. Furthermore, striatal cholinergic interneurons have an important role to play in integrating cerebellar input with the output of cerebral cortex, and are also targeted by dopaminergic nigrostriatal fibres affecting dopamine D2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton JM Loonen
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Geestelijke GezondheidsZorg Westelijk Noord-Brabant (GGZ WNB), Mental Health Hospital, Halsteren, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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Avchalumov Y, Trenet W, Piña-Crespo J, Mandyam C. SCH23390 Reduces Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Striatal LTD. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6491. [PMID: 32899459 PMCID: PMC7554976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-access methamphetamine self-administration results in unregulated intake of the drug; however, the role of dorsal striatal dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in the reinforcing properties of methamphetamine under extended-access conditions is unclear. Acute (ex vivo) and chronic (in vivo) methamphetamine exposure induces neuroplastic changes in the dorsal striatum, a critical region implicated in instrumental learning. For example, methamphetamine exposure alters high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced long-term depression in the dorsal striatum; however, the effect of methamphetamine on HFS-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dorsal striatum is unknown. In the current study, dorsal striatal infusion of SCH23390, a D1R antagonist, prior to extended-access methamphetamine self-administration reduced methamphetamine addiction-like behavior. Reduced behavior was associated with reduced expression of PSD-95 in the dorsal striatum. Electrophysiological findings demonstrate that superfusion of methamphetamine reduced basal synaptic transmission and HFS-induced LTP in dorsal striatal slices, and SCH23390 prevented this effect. These results suggest that alterations in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity induced by acute methamphetamine via D1Rs could assist with methamphetamine-induced modification of corticostriatal circuits underlying the learning of goal-directed instrumental actions and formation of habits, mediating escalation of methamphetamine self-administration and methamphetamine addiction-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Avchalumov
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
| | - Wulfran Trenet
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
| | - Juan Piña-Crespo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Chitra Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Perl S, Richter F, Gericke B, Richter A. Expression of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors in the striatum and cortex and effects of modulators on the severity of dystonia in the phenotypic dt sz model. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172527. [PMID: 31283933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor has been suggested as therapeutic target for L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia which is often associated with dystonic symptoms. Therefore, we investigated the acute effects of the non-competitive mGlu5 receptor antagonist fenobam as well as the positive modulator 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) on the severity of inherited dystonia in the mutant dtsz hamster, a phenotypic model with age-dependent episodes of dystonia. Fenobam did not exert significant antidystonic effects (20-50 mg/kg intraperinoneal, i.p.). CDPPB (10, 20 mg/kg i.p.) which was expected to worsen dystonia also failed to show any effects on the severity of dystonia. Interestingly, CDPPB caused axial dyskinesia in addition to the dystonic symptoms in mutant hamsters. This adverse effect could not be observed in non-dystonic control hamsters, indicating possible changes in the expression of mGlu5 receptors in dystonic hamsters. The mGlu5 receptor mRNA did not differ between the dtsz mutant and control hamsters, while immunohistochemical studies indicated that the mGlu5 receptor expression was about 35% higher in striatum and cortex of mutant hamsters at the age of high dystonia severity scores, notably not after spontaneous remission of dystonia, compared to age-matched controls. This difference in mGlu5 receptor protein may be due to altered protein conformation instead of protein level, as western blots revealed similar amounts of monomeric and dimeric protein in mutant hamsters versus control. Thus, the present data do not provide clear evidence for an important role of the mGlu5 receptor in the pathophysiology and as a therapeutic target for types of inherited dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Perl
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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The neurobiological basis for novel experimental therapeutics in dystonia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104526. [PMID: 31279827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, twisting movements, and abnormal postures that may affect one or multiple body regions. Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder after Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Despite its relative frequency, small molecule therapeutics for dystonia are limited. Development of new therapeutics is further hampered by the heterogeneity of both clinical symptoms and etiologies in dystonia. Recent advances in both animal and cell-based models have helped clarify divergent etiologies in dystonia and have facilitated the identification of new therapeutic targets. Advances in medicinal chemistry have also made available novel compounds for testing in biochemical, physiological, and behavioral models of dystonia. Here, we briefly review motor circuit anatomy and the anatomical and functional abnormalities in dystonia. We then discuss recently identified therapeutic targets in dystonia based on recent preclinical animal studies and clinical trials investigating novel therapeutics.
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Functional Metaplasticity of Hippocampal Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapses Is Reversed in Chronically Epileptic Rats. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:8087401. [PMID: 29098091 PMCID: PMC5642871 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8087401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial learning and associating spatial information with individual experience are crucial for rodents and higher mammals. Hence, studying the cellular and molecular cascades involved in the key mechanism of information storage in the brain, synaptic plasticity, has led to enormous knowledge in this field. A major open question applies to the interdependence between synaptic plasticity and its behavioral correlates. In this context, it has become clear that behavioral aspects may impact subsequent synaptic plasticity, a phenomenon termed behavioral metaplasticity. Here, we trained control and pilocarpine-treated chronically epileptic rats of two different age groups (adolescent and adult) in a spatial memory task and subsequently tested long-term potentiation (LTP) in vitro at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. As expected, memory acquisition in the behavioral task was significantly impaired both in pilocarpine-treated animals and in adult controls. Accordingly, these groups, without being tested in the behavioral training task, showed reduced CA1-LTP levels compared to untrained young controls. Spatial memory training significantly reduced subsequent CA1-LTP in vitro in the adolescent control group yet enhanced CA1-LTP in the adult pilocarpine-treated group. Such training in the adolescent pilocarpine-treated and adult control groups resulted in intermediate changes. Our study demonstrates age-dependent functional metaplasticity following a spatial memory training task and its reversal under pathological conditions.
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Hamann M, Plank J, Richter F, Bode C, Smiljanic S, Creed M, Nobrega JN, Richter A. Alterations of M1 and M4 acetylcholine receptors in the genetically dystonic (dt sz) hamster and moderate antidystonic efficacy of M1 and M4 anticholinergics. Neuroscience 2017; 357:84-98. [PMID: 28596119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Striatal cholinergic dysfunction has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of dystonia. In the dtsz hamster, a phenotypic model of paroxysmal dystonia, M1 antagonists exerted moderate antidystonic efficacy after acute systemic administration. In the present study, we examined the effects of the M4 preferring antagonist tropicamid and whether long-term systemic or acute intrastriatal injections of the M1 preferring antagonist trihexyphenidyl are more effective in mutant hamsters. Furthermore, M1 and M4 receptors were analyzed by autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. Tropicamide retarded the onset of dystonic attacks, as previously observed after acute systemic administration of trihexyphenidyl. Combined systemic administration of trihexyphenidyl (30mg/kg) and tropicamide (15mg/kg) reduced the severity in acute trials and delayed the onset of dystonia during long-term treatment. In contrast, acute striatal microinjections of trihexyphenidyl, tropicamid or the positive allosteric M4 receptor modulator VU0152100 did not exert significant effects. Receptor analyses revealed changes of M1 receptors in the dorsomedial striatum, suggesting that the cholinergic system is involved in abnormal striatal plasticity in dtsz hamsters, but the pharmacological data argue against a crucial role on the phenotype in this animal model. However, antidystonic effects of tropicamide after systemic administration point to a novel therapeutic potential of M4 preferring anticholinergics for the treatment of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hamann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, BFS, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jagoda Plank
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstrasse 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sinisa Smiljanic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstrasse 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meaghan Creed
- Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - José N Nobrega
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstrasse 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, Leipzig, Germany.
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Bode C, Richter F, Spröte C, Brigadski T, Bauer A, Fietz S, Fritschy JM, Richter A. Altered postnatal maturation of striatal GABAergic interneurons in a phenotypic animal model of dystonia. Exp Neurol 2017; 287:44-53. [PMID: 27780732 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
GABAergic disinhibition has been suggested to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of several basal ganglia disorders, including dystonia, a common movement disorder. Previous studies have shown a deficit of striatal GABAergic interneurons (IN) in the dtsz mutant hamster, one of the few phenotypic animal models of dystonia. However, mechanisms underlying this deficit are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the migration and maturation of striatal IN during postnatal development (18days of age) and at age of highest severity of dystonia (33days of age) in this hamster model. In line with previous findings, the density of GAD67-positive IN and the level of parvalbumin mRNA, a marker for fast spiking GABAergic IN, were lower in the dtsz mutant than in control hamsters. However, an unaltered density of Nkx2.1 labeled cells and Nkx2.1 mRNA level suggested that the migration of GABAergic IN into the striatum was not retarded. Therefore, different factors that indicate maturation of GABAergic IN were determined. While mRNA of the KCC2 cation/chloride transporters and the cytosolic carboanhydrase VII, used as markers for the so called GABA switch, as well as BDNF were unaltered, we found a reduced number of IN expressing the alpha1 subunit of the GABAA-receptor (37.5%) in dtsz hamsters at an age of 33days, but not after spontaneous remission of dystonia at an age of 90days. Since IN shift expression from alpha2 to alpha1 subunits during postnatal maturation, this result together with a decreased parvalbumin mRNA expression suggest a delayed maturation of striatal GABAergic IN in this animal model, which might underlie abnormal neuronal activity and striatal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bode
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christine Spröte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Fietz
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Morari M, Fantin M. Loss of the preferential control over the striato-nigral direct pathway by striatal NMDA receptors in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Analyst 2016; 140:3830-9. [PMID: 25584655 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01918k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
By using multi-probe microdialysis we previously demonstrated that endogenous glutamate differentially regulates the activity of the striatal output pathways in vivo, through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors containing the GluN2A or GluN2B subunits. Using the same approach, we presently investigate whether reverse dialysis of NMDA in the striatum differentially affects GABA release in the striatum and in striatal target areas, i.e. globus pallidus (GP) and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr). Moreover, we ask whether this control is altered under parkinsonian conditions. Intrastriatal NMDA perfusion (10 min) evoked GABA release more potently in SNr (1-100 μM) than in other regions (10-100 μM), suggesting preferential control over striato-nigral projection neurons. Intrastriatal NMDA more potently stimulated glutamate levels in the striatum (1-100 μM) and SNr (1-10 μM) than in GP (10 μM). Striatal dopamine denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine caused a leftward shift in the NMDA concentration-response curve. Intrastriatal NMDA elevated GABA levels at 0.1 μM (all regions) and 1 μM (striatum and GP only), but not at higher concentrations, indicating that, compared to naïve animals, the GABA response in SNr was attenuated. Attenuation of the glutamate response was also observed in SNr (NMDA effective only at 0.1 μM). Conversely, the glutamate response in GP was widened (NMDA effective in the 0.1-1 μM range). We conclude that NMDA preferentially stimulates the activity of the striato-nigral direct pathway under physiological conditions. In Parkinson's disease, dopamine loss compromises the NMDA ability to stimulate striato-nigral neurons, thus shifting the NMDA control towards the striato-pallidal ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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