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Liu C, Liu K, Tao X, Li W, Zhao S, Dai Q, Yao H, Mu F, Chen S, Li J, Dong T, Duan J, Wei P, Gao F, Xi M. Pharmacodynamics and mechanism of Erigeron breviscapus granules in the treatment of ischemic stroke in mice by regulating sphingolipid metabolism based on metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116058. [PMID: 38422673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. (EB) granules is the extract preparation of EB, with clear curative effect and unclear mechanism. This study intends to systematically explore the specific mechanism of EB granules in the treatment of IS from the metabolic perspective. METHODS The model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice was established by the suture-occluded method. The therapeutic effect of EB granules on tMCAO mice was evaluated by behavioral evaluation, brain water content determination, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in serum. In order to screen differential metabolites, non-targeted metabolomics technology was used to detect the metabolites in serum before and after administration. Univariate statistics, multivariate statistics and bioinformatics were used to analyze the changes of metabolites in serum of tMCAO mice. The possible related mechanism of EB granules in treating IS was screened by pathway enrichment analysis, and the preliminary verification was carried out at animal level by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB). RESULTS EB granules could significantly improve behavior of tMCAO mice, reduce brain water content and cerebral infarction volume, improve morphology of brain tissue, reduce the levels of LDH and NSE in serum. A total of 232 differential metabolites were screened, which were mainly enriched in many biological processes such as sphingolipid metabolism. The differential metabolite S1P and its receptors S1PR1 and S1PR2 in sphingolipid metabolism were verified. The results showed that the level of S1P in brain tissue increased and the protein expression of S1PR1 decreased significantly after modeling, and reversed after administration, but there was no significant difference in the protein expression of S1PR2. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effects of EB granules may be related to affecting sphingolipid metabolism through regulating S1P/S1PR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China; TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kedi Liu
- TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xingru Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Weihong Li
- TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qi Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China; TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China; TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Sha Chen
- YouYi Clinical Laboratories of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Jing Li
- YouYi Clinical Laboratories of Shaanxi, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Taiwei Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China; National Drug Clinical Trial Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China.
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- TANK Medicinal Biology Institute of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; National Drug Clinical Trial Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China.
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Cao Y, Wang D, Zhou D. MSC Promotes the Secretion of Exosomal lncRNA KLF3-AS1 to Regulate Sphk1 Through YY1-Musashi-1 Axis and Improve Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04150-3. [PMID: 38735900 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Stroke remains the 3rd leading cause of long-term disability globally. Over the past decade, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been proven as an effective therapy for ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism of MSC-derived exosomal lncRNAs during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) remains ambiguous. The oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model were generated. MSCs were isolated and characterized by flow cytometry and histochemical staining, and MSC exosomes were purified and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and Western blot. Western blot, RT-qPCR and ELISA assay were employed to examine the expression or secretion of key molecules. CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down were used to investigate the direct association between krüppel-like factor 3 antisense RNA 1 (KLF3-AS1) and musashi-1(MSI1). Yin Yang 1 (YY1)-mediated transcriptional regulation was assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. The histological changes and immunoreactivity of key molecules in brain tissues were examined by H&E and immunohistochemistry. MSCs were successfully isolated and exhibited directionally differential potentials. MSC exosomal KLF3-AS1 alleviated OGD/R-induced inflammation in SK-N-SH and SH-SY5Y cells via modulating Sphk1. Mechanistical studies showed that MSI1 positively regulated KLF3-AS1 expression through its direct binding to KLF3-AS1. YY1 was identified as a transcription activator of MSI1 in MSCs. Functionally, YY1/MSI1 axis regulated the release of MSC exosomal KLF3-AS1 to modulate sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1)/NF-κB pathway, thereby ameliorating OGD/R- or cerebral I/R-induced injury. MSCs promote the release of exosomal KLF3-AS1 to regulate Sphk1 through YY1/MSI axis and improve cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daodao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingzhou Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Alkafaas SS, Elsalahaty MI, Ismail DF, Radwan MA, Elkafas SS, Loutfy SA, Elshazli RM, Baazaoui N, Ahmed AE, Hafez W, Diab M, Sakran M, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Kamal HK, Hessien M. The emerging roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate and SphK1 in cancer resistance: a promising therapeutic target. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:89. [PMID: 38419070 PMCID: PMC10903003 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemoresistance is a problematic dilemma that significantly restrains numerous cancer management protocols. It can promote cancer recurrence, spreading of cancer, and finally, mortality. Accordingly, enhancing the responsiveness of cancer cells towards chemotherapies could be a vital approach to overcoming cancer chemoresistance. Tumour cells express a high level of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1), which acts as a protooncogenic factor and is responsible for the synthesis of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P). S1P is released through a Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter to interact with other phosphosphingolipids components in the interstitial fluid in the tumor microenvironment (TME), provoking communication, progression, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Also, S1P is associated with several impacts, including anti-apoptotic behavior, metastasis, mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. Recent reports addressed high levels of S1P in several carcinomas, including ovarian, prostate, colorectal, breast, and HCC. Therefore, targeting the S1P/SphK signaling pathway is an emerging therapeutic approach to efficiently attenuate chemoresistance. In this review, we comprehensively discussed S1P functions, metabolism, transport, and signaling. Also, through a bioinformatic framework, we pointed out the alterations of SphK1 gene expression within different cancers with their impact on patient survival, and we demonstrated the protein-protein network of SphK1, elaborating its sparse roles. Furthermore, we made emphasis on different machineries of cancer resistance and the tight link with S1P. We evaluated all publicly available SphK1 inhibitors and their inhibition activity using molecular docking and how SphK1 inhibitors reduce the production of S1P and might reduce chemoresistance, an approach that might be vital in the course of cancer treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed I Elsalahaty
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Doha F Ismail
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ali Radwan
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
- Faculty of Control System and Robotics, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center, British University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, 16th Street, 35233, Khalifa, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Mohanad Diab
- Burjeel Hospital Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Sakran
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hani K Kamal
- Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Xu G, Dong F, Su L, Tan ZX, Lei M, Li L, Wen D, Zhang F. The role and therapeutic potential of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116140. [PMID: 38211425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent cerebrovascular condition with a global impact, causing significant rates of illness and death. Despite extensive research, the available treatment options for stroke remain restricted. Hence, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the onset and advancement of stroke in order to establish a theoretical foundation for novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. NF-κB, also known as nuclear factor κB, is a transcription factor responsible for controlling the expression of numerous genes and plays a crucial role in diverse physiological processes. NF-κB is triggered and regulates neuroinflammation and other processes after stroke, promoting the generation of cytokine storms and contributing to the advancement of ischemic stroke (IS). Therefore, NF-κB could potentially play a vital role in stroke by regulating diverse pathophysiological processes. This review provides an overview of the functions of NF-κB in stroke and its governing mechanisms. In addition, our attention is directed towards various potential therapies that aim to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in order to offer valuable insights for the advancement of innovative treatment approaches for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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Liu W, Zhou X, Zeng K, Nie C, Huang J, Zhu L, Pei D, Zhang Y. Study on the action mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction against ischemic stroke based on S1P/S1PR1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 312:116471. [PMID: 37030556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic stroke is a common and frequent clinical disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that sphingolipid plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. PI3K-Akt is a classic protective signaling pathway of cerebral ischemic injury. After acting on the S1P receptor, S1P can activate the downstream PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and play an anti-cerebral ischemia role. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used to treat ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms of BHD on ischemic stroke remain unclear based on S1P/S1PR1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is intended to investigate the action mechanism of BHD on ischemic stroke based on the S1P/S1PR1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway from multiple perspectives. MATERIALS AND METHODS The BHD lyophilized product was prepared by vacuum freeze-drying method, of which the chemical composition was determined by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The mouse permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model was established by the suture-occluded method. Male KM mice were randomly divided into seven groups: sham group, model group, FTY720 (positive control) group, BHD group, BHD + W146 (selective S1PR1 inhibitor) group, SEW2871 (selective S1PR1 agonist) group, and Calycosin group. Each group was administered continuously for 14 days and evaluated with modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and cerebral infarct volume on the 1st, 4th, 7th, and 14th days. The SphK1, SphK2, S1PR1, PI3K, Akt, and p-Akt protein in the prefrontal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum was quantified by Western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) experiment respectively. The qRT-PCR method was employed to evaluate SphK1, SphK2, and S1PR1 mRNA expression in the above tissue. RESULTS BHD and Calycosin both effectively improved mNSS scores with smaller infarct volumes. The SphK1 level in the prefrontal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum of mice in the BHD group was significantly lower, and SphK2, PI3K, and p-Akt in the hippocampus and striatum were significantly higher than those in the model group. BHD significantly decreased SphK1 mRNA expression in the prefrontal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum, and significantly up-regulated SphK2 mRNA and S1PR1 mRNA expression. Additionally, SphK1 protein expression levels of the prefrontal lobe, hippocampus, and striatum in the BHD group was significantly lower than model group, and SphK2, S1PR1, PI3K, Akt, and p-Akt protein expressions levels were increased obviously. Furthermore, SEW2871 can increase S1PR1 and Akt expression, and up-regulate SphK2 and S1PR1 mRNA expression. The effect of BHD on the expression of S1P/S1PR1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins and mRNA were weakened by BHD + W146. CONCLUSION BHD and Calycosin significantly improved the symptoms of neurological deficits in pMCAO mice, reduced the cerebral infarction volume, up-regulated SphK2 and S1PR1 mRNA levels, enhanced SphK2, S1PR1, PI3K, Akt, p-Akt protein expression of the prefrontal lobe, hippocampus and striatum, and down-regulated SphK1 mRNA and protein expression, which may be helpful to clarify the mechanism of BHD through S1P/S1PR1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to protect against cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Keqi Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cong Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jieyi Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Die Pei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 51006, Guangdong, China.
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Standoli S, Rapino C, Di Meo C, Rudowski A, Kämpfer-Kolb N, Volk LM, Thomas D, Trautmann S, Schreiber Y, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, Maccarrone M. Sphingosine Kinases at the Intersection of Pro-Inflammatory LPS and Anti-Inflammatory Endocannabinoid Signaling in BV2 Mouse Microglia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108508. [PMID: 37239854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play important roles in brain homeostasis as well as in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, neurovascular diseases, and traumatic brain injury. In this context, components of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system have been shown to shift microglia towards an anti-inflammatory activation state. Instead, much less is known about the functional role of the sphingosine kinase (SphK)/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) system in microglia biology. In the present study, we addressed potential crosstalk of the eCB and the S1P systems in BV2 mouse microglia cells challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We show that URB597, the selective inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-the main degradative enzyme of the eCB anandamide-prevented LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and caused the accumulation of anandamide itself and eCB-like molecules such as oleic acid and cis-vaccenic acid ethanolamide, palmitoylethanolamide, and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide. Furthermore, treatment with JWH133, a selective agonist of the eCB-binding cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor, mimicked the anti-inflammatory effects of URB597. Interestingly, LPS induced transcription of both SphK1 and SphK2, and the selective inhibitors of SphK1 (SLP7111228) and SphK2 (SLM6031434) strongly reduced LPS-induced TNFα and IL-1β production. Thus, the two SphKs were pro-inflammatory in BV2 cells in a non-redundant manner. Most importantly, the inhibition of FAAH by URB597, as well as the activation of CB2 by JWH133, prevented LPS-stimulated transcription of SphK1 and SphK2. These results present SphK1 and SphK2 at the intersection of pro-inflammatory LPS and anti-inflammatory eCB signaling, and suggest the further development of inhibitors of FAAH or SphKs for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Standoli
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Rapino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Camilla Di Meo
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Agnes Rudowski
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole Kämpfer-Kolb
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luisa Michelle Volk
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, 00143 Rome, Italy
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7
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van Echten-Deckert G. The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism in brain health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108381. [PMID: 36907249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential structural and functional components of the central nervous system (CNS). Sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane components which were discovered in the brain in the late 19th century. In mammals, the brain contains the highest concentration of sphingolipids in the body. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) derived from membrane sphingolipids evokes multiple cellular responses which, depending on its concentration and localization, make S1P a double-edged sword in the brain. In the present review we highlight the role of S1P in brain development and focus on the often contrasting findings regarding its contributions to the initiation, progression and potential recovery of different brain pathologies, including neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis (MS), brain cancers, and psychiatric illnesses. A detailed understanding of the critical implications of S1P in brain health and disease may open the door for new therapeutic options. Thus, targeting S1P-metabolizing enzymes and/or signaling pathways might help overcome, or at least ameliorate, several brain illnesses.
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Di Pietro P, Izzo C, Abate AC, Iesu P, Rusciano MR, Venturini E, Visco V, Sommella E, Ciccarelli M, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The Dark Side of Sphingolipids: Searching for Potential Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010168. [PMID: 36671552 PMCID: PMC9855992 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among them, most studies place emphasis on the cardiovascular effect of ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), reporting correlation between their aberrant expression and CVD risk factors. In experimental in vivo models, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis averts the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In humans, levels of circulating sphingolipids have been suggested as prognostic indicators for a broad spectrum of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of sphingolipids' contribution to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases, focusing on the latest experimental and clinical findings. Cumulatively, these studies indicate that monitoring sphingolipid level alterations could allow for better assessment of cardiovascular disease progression and/or severity, and also suggest them as a potential target for future therapeutic intervention. Some approaches may include the down-regulation of specific sphingolipid species levels in the circulation, by inhibiting critical enzymes that catalyze ceramide metabolism, such as ceramidases, sphingomyelinases and sphingosine kinases. Therefore, manipulation of the sphingolipid pathway may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angela Carmelita Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola Iesu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rusciano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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9
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Cong D, Yu Y, Meng Y, Qi X. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) exerts protective effects on rat neuronal cells injured by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via regulating the Sphk1/S1P signaling pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106896. [PMID: 36395661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured rat neuronal cells by regulating the Sphk1/S1P pathway. METHODS The rats were divided into the following groups, with 18 rats in each group categorized on the basis of random number tables: sham (Sham), I/R (I/R), Dex, Sphk1 inhibitor (PF-543), and Dex together with the Sphk1 agonist phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (Dex+PMA). The neurological functions of the rats were assessed by the Longa scoring system at 24 h post reperfusion. The area of brain infarction was inspected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the water content of brain tissue was determined by the dry-wet weight method. The morphology of neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus was inspected using Nissl staining, while the apoptosis of neurons in this region was detected by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling staining. The Sphk1 and S1P protein levels were determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the I/R group, rats in the Dex, PF-543, and Dex+PMA groups had a significantly lower neurological function score, as well as lower brain water content and a decreased infarction area. Moreover, the apoptotic index of the neurons and the Sphk1 and S1P levels in the hippocampal CA1 region were significantly lower in these groups (p<0.05). PMA, an agonist of Sphk1, was able to reverse the protective effects of Dex on I/R-induced neuronal cell injury. CONCLUSION Dex could protect cerebral I/R-induced neuronal cell injury by suppressing the Sphk1/S1P signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Harbour Hospital, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Yan Meng
- Yantai Comprehensive Health Service Center, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xia Qi
- Yantai Comprehensive Health Service Center, Yantai 264000, China
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10
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Borodzicz-Jażdżyk S, Jażdżyk P, Łysik W, Cudnoch-Jȩdrzejewska A, Czarzasta K. Sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:915961. [PMID: 36119733 PMCID: PMC9471951 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.915961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a structural component of the cell membrane, derived from sphingosine, an amino alcohol. Its sphingoid base undergoes various types of enzymatic transformations that lead to the formation of biologically active compounds, which play a crucial role in the essential pathways of cellular signaling, proliferation, maturation, and death. The constantly growing number of experimental and clinical studies emphasizes the pivotal role of sphingolipids in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, including, in particular, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. It has also been proven that altering the sphingolipid metabolism has cardioprotective properties in cardiac pathologies, including myocardial infarction. Recent studies suggest that selected sphingolipids may serve as valuable biomarkers useful in the prognosis of cardiovascular disorders in clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Borodzicz-Jażdżyk
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Jażdżyk
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łysik
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jȩdrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Katarzyna Czarzasta,
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11
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Zeng Y, Zhang W, Xue T, Zhang D, Lv M, Jiang Y. Sphk1-induced autophagy in microglia promotes neuronal injury following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4287-4303. [PMID: 35766986 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microglial hyperactivation mediated by sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate (SphK1/S1P) signalling and the consequent inflammatory mediator production serve as the key drivers of cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Although SphK1 reportedly controls autophagy and microglial activation, it remains uncertain as to whether SphK1 is similarly capable of regulating damage mediated by CIRI-activated microglia. In the current study, we adopted both in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGDR) models and in vivo rat models of focal CIRI to ascertain this possibility. It was found that CIRI upregulated SphK1 and induced autophagy in microglia, while inhibiting these changes significantly impaired to prevented neuronal apoptosis. Results of mechanistic investigation revealed that SphK1 promoted autophagy via the tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) pathway. Altogether, our findings unfolded to reveal a novel mechanism, whereby SphK1-induced autophagy in microglia contributed to the pathogenesis of CIRI, potentially highlighting novel avenues for future therapeutic intervention in ischaemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tengteng Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Department of New Media and Arts, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Manhua Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongjia Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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12
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Dysregulated miRNAs in Progression and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6107-6124. [PMID: 35867206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degeneration of neurons due to the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein in the neuronal milieu leading to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Numerous factors contribute towards the progression of AD, including miRNA, which are 22-24 nucleotides long sequence which acts as critical regulators of cellular processes by binding to 3' UTR of mRNA, regulating its expression post-transcriptionally. This review aims to determine the miRNA with the most significant dysregulation in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human patients. A systemized inclusion/exclusion criterion has been utilized based on selected keywords followed by screening of those articles to conclude a list of 8 highly dysregulated miRNAs based on the fold change of AD vs control patients, which could be used in clinical testing as these miRNAs play central role in the pathophysiology of AD. Furthermore, a network study of highly dysregulated miRNA estimated the association of these miRNA in the mediation of Aβ generation and aggregation, inhibition of autophagy, reduction of Aβ clearance, microglial and astrocytic activation, neuro-inflammation, tau hyper-phosphorylation, and synaptic loss.
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13
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Diao X, Cui Q, Tian N, Zhou Z, Xiang W, Jiang Y, Deng J, Liao H, Lin X, Li Q, Liao R. Hemorrhage-Induced Sphingosine Kinase 1 Contributes to Ferroptosis-Mediated Secondary Brain Injury in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1381-1397. [PMID: 34993846 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic processes of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have not yet been fully elucidated. Increasing evidence suggests that ferroptosis activation aggravates injury after ICH, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) is a key enzyme in the regulation of sphingosine metabolism involved in the ferroptosis pathway, but its role in ICH needs clarification. In this study, transcriptional changes in ICH patients were assessed by microarray data, exposing Sphk1 as a highly upregulated gene during ICH. Furthermore, Sphk1 chemical inhibitors and siRNA were used to inhibit ICH-induced Sphk1 upregulation in in vivo and in vitro models, showing that Sphk1 inhibition after protects against ferroptosis and attenuates secondary brain injury and cell death. Mechanistically, this study unveiled that sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate/extracellular-regulated protein kinases/phosphorylated extracellular-regulated protein kinases (Sphk1/S1p/ERK/p-ERK) pathway is responsible for regulation of ferroptosis leading to secondary brain injury and cell death following ICH. Collectively, this study demonstrates that ferroptosis is closely associated with ICH, and that Sphk1 has a critical role in this lethal process. These results suggest a novel unique and effective therapeutic approach for ICH prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Diao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qi Cui
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Ning Tian
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zixian Zhou
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Wenjing Xiang
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Jungang Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hongzhan Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Rujia Liao
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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14
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Zhang SQ, Xiao J, Chen M, Zhou LQ, Shang K, Qin C, Tian DS. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling in Ischemic Stroke: From Bench to Bedside and Beyond. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:781098. [PMID: 34916911 PMCID: PMC8669352 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling is being increasingly recognized as a strong modulator of immune cell migration and endothelial function. Fingolimod and other S1P modulators in ischemic stroke treatment have shown promise in emerging experimental models and small-scale clinical trials. In this article, we will review the current knowledge of the role of S1P signaling in brain ischemia from the aspects of inflammation and immune interventions, sustaining endothelial functions, regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity, and functional recovery. We will then discuss the current and future therapeutic perspectives of targeting S1P for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Mechanism studies would help to bridge the gap between preclinical studies and clinical practice. Future success of bench-to-bedside translation shall be based on in depth understanding of S1P signaling during stroke and on the ability to have a fine temporal and spatial regulation of the signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Nakamura N, Honjo M, Yamagishi R, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Watanabe S, Aihara M. Neuroprotective role of sphingolipid rheostat in excitotoxic retinal ganglion cell death. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108623. [PMID: 34022173 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The glutamate excitotoxicity has been suggested as a factor involved in the loss of retinal neuronal cells, including retinal ganglion cell (RGC), in various retinal degenerative diseases including ischemia-reperfusion injury, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Excitotoxic RGC death is caused not only by direct damage to RGCs but also by indirect damage due to the inflammation of retinal glial cells. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids which have been shown to possess important physiological roles in cellular survival and apoptosis, and the balance between S1P and ceramide, sphingolipid rheostat, has been suggested to be important for determining cellular fate. Therefore, we conducted the present study to clarify the neuroprotective role of sphingolipid rheostat in excitotoxic RGC death in vivo and in vitro. Acute RGC death was induced by intravitreal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) injection in the mouse. The mRNA expression of sphingosine kinase (SphK1/SphK2) was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expressions of SphK1/2, S1P, S1P-receptor (S1PR), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1, and CD31 were examined by immunostaining. Retinal sphingolipids and ceramides were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The neuroprotective effect of the sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SKI) on RGC death was assessed by RGC count and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Further, the in vitro effect of SKI was investigated using rat primary cultured RGCs and glial cells. In addition, MG5 cells and A1 cells, which were mouse microglia and astrocyte cell-line, were also used. The expression of cleaved-caspase-3, GFAP, and Iba1 in RGCs, primary glial cells, MG5 cells, and A1 cells was assessed by immunostaining. NMDA injection resulted in mRNA upregulation of SphK1; however, SphK2 was reduced in the mouse retina. SphKs, S1P, S1PR1, S1PR2, and GFAP expression increased in the early-stage NMDA group, whereas S1P and GFAP were higher in the late-stage NMDA + SKI group. In the NMDA group, S1P expression was lower whereas sphingosine, C20, C22, and C24 ceramides showed higher levels. The proportion of very-long-chain ceramide was elevated in the NMDA group but reduced in the NMDA + SKI group. SKI treatment significantly increased RGC survival in retinal wholemount analysis and decreased apoptosis in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer. In vitro, SKI suppressed excitotoxic RGC death, cleaved-caspase-3 expression, and activated glial cells. The findings in the present study provide the first evidence demonstrating the involvement of sphingolipid rheostat in the neuroprotection against excitotoxic RGC death. Therefore, regulation of sphingolipid rheostat might serve as a potential therapy for retinal degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Honjo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Reiko Yamagishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Watanabe
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Wang C, Xu T, Lachance BB, Zhong X, Shen G, Xu T, Tang C, Jia X. Critical roles of sphingosine kinase 1 in the regulation of neuroinflammation and neuronal injury after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:50. [PMID: 33602274 PMCID: PMC7893778 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathological process of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) involves excessive activation of microglia leading to the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and causing neuronal injury. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), a key enzyme responsible for phosphorylating sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), plays an important role in mediating inflammation, cell proliferation, survival, and immunity. Methods We aim to investigate the mechanism and pathway of the Sphk1-mediated neuroinflammatory response in a rodent model of SCI. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham surgery, SCI, or PF543 (a specific Sphk1 inhibitor) groups. Functional outcomes included blinded hindlimb locomotor rating and inclined plane test. Results We discovered that Sphk1 is upregulated in injured spinal cord tissue of rats after SCI and is associated with production of S1P and subsequent NF-κB p65 activation. PF543 attenuated p65 activation, reduced inflammatory response, and relieved neuronal damage, leading to improved functional recovery. Western blot analysis confirmed that expression of S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) and phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) are activated in microglia of SCI rats and mitigated by PF543. In vitro, we demonstrated that Bay11-7085 suppressed NF-κB p65 and inhibited amplification of the inflammation cascade by S1P, reducing the release of proinflammatory TNF-α. We further confirmed that phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and activation of NF-κB p65 is inhibited by PF543 and CAY10444. p38 MAPK phosphorylation and NF-κB p65 activation were enhanced by exogenous S1P and inhibited by the specific inhibitor SB204580, ultimately indicating that the S1P/S1PR3/p38 MAPK pathway contributes to the NF-κB p65 inflammatory response. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a critical role of Sphk1 in the post-traumatic SCI inflammatory cascade and present the Sphk1/S1P/S1PR3 axis as a potential target for therapeutic intervention to control neuroinflammation, relieve neuronal damage, and improve functional outcomes in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianzhen Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhu'ji People's Hospital, Shaoxing, 311800, Zhejiang, China
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiqiang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangjie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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17
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Chua XY, Ho LTY, Xiang P, Chew WS, Lam BWS, Chen CP, Ong WY, Lai MKP, Herr DR. Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for the Involvement of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:47-67. [PMID: 33180310 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphates (S1Ps) are bioactive lipids that mediate a diverse range of effects through the activation of cognate receptors, S1P1-S1P5. Scrutiny of S1P-regulated pathways over the past three decades has identified important and occasionally counteracting functions in the brain and cerebrovascular system. For example, while S1P1 and S1P3 mediate proinflammatory effects on glial cells and directly promote endothelial cell barrier integrity, S1P2 is anti-inflammatory but disrupts barrier integrity. Cumulatively, there is significant preclinical evidence implicating critical roles for this pathway in regulating processes that drive cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia, both being part of the continuum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). This is supported by clinical studies that have identified correlations between alterations of S1P and cognitive deficits. We review studies which proposed and evaluated potential mechanisms by which such alterations contribute to pathological S1P signaling that leads to VCI-associated chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Notably, S1P receptors have divergent but overlapping expression patterns and demonstrate complex interactions. Therefore, the net effect produced by S1P represents the cumulative contributions of S1P receptors acting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically on the neural, vascular, and immune cells of the brain. Ultimately, an optimized therapeutic strategy that targets S1P signaling will have to consider these complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leona T Y Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
- American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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18
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Transcriptional Regulation of Sphingosine Kinase 1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112437. [PMID: 33171624 PMCID: PMC7695205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be primarily structural in nature, sphingolipids have become increasingly appreciated as second messengers in a wide array of signaling pathways. Sphingosine kinase 1, or SK1, is one of two sphingosine kinases that phosphorylate sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is generally pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and pro-survival; therefore, high SK1 expression and activity have been associated with certain inflammatory diseases and cancer. It is thus important to develop an understanding of the regulation of SK1 expression and activity. In this review, we explore the current literature on SK1 transcriptional regulation, illustrating a complex system of transcription factors, cytokines, and even micro-RNAs (miRNAs) on the post transcriptional level.
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Gaire BP, Choi JW. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors in Cerebral Ischemia. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:211-223. [PMID: 32914259 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important lipid biomolecule that exerts pleiotropic cellular actions as it binds to and activates its five G-protein-coupled receptors, S1P1-5. Through these receptors, S1P can mediate diverse biological activities in both healthy and diseased conditions. S1P is produced by S1P-producing enzymes, sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2), and is abundantly present in different organs, including the brain. The medically important roles of receptor-mediated S1P signaling are well characterized in multiple sclerosis because FTY720 (Gilenya™, Novartis), a non-selective S1P receptor modulator, is currently used as a treatment for this disease. In cerebral ischemia, its role is also notable because of FTY720's efficacy in both rodent models and human patients with cerebral ischemia. In particular, some of the S1P receptors, including S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3, have been identified as pathogenic players in cerebral ischemia. Other than these receptors, S1P itself and S1P-producing enzymes have been shown to play certain roles in cerebral ischemia. This review aims to compile the current updates and overviews about the roles of S1P signaling, along with a focus on S1P receptors in cerebral ischemia, based on recent studies that used in vivo rodent models of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Inchon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Inchon, 21936, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Fan X, Liu L, Shi Y, Guo F, He X, Zhao X, Zhong D, Li G. Recent advances of the function of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor S1P3. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1564-1578. [PMID: 33410533 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Known as a variety of sphingolipid metabolites capable of performing various biological activities, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is commonly found in platelets, red blood cells, neutrophils, lymph fluid, and blood, as well as other cells and body fluids. S1P comprises five receptors, namely, S1P1-S1P5, with the distribution of S1P receptors exhibiting tissue selectivity to some degree. S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3 are extensively expressed in a wide variety of different tissues. The expression of S1P4 is restricted to lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues, while S1P5 is primarily expressed in the nervous system. S1P3 plays an essential role in the pathophysiological processes related to inflammation, cell proliferation, cell migration, tumor invasion and metastasis, ischemia-reperfusion, tissue fibrosis, and vascular tone. In this paper, the relevant mechanism in the role of S1P3 is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fanghan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guozhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Matsumoto N, Yamashita T, Shang J, Feng T, Osakada Y, Sasaki R, Tadokoro K, Nomura E, Tsunoda K, Omote Y, Takemoto M, Hishikawa N, Ohta Y, Abe K. Up-regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and sphingosine kinase 1 in the peri-ischemic area after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Brain Res 2020; 1739:146831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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The S1P-S1PR Axis in Neurological Disorders-Insights into Current and Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061515. [PMID: 32580348 PMCID: PMC7349054 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), derived from membrane sphingolipids, is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid mediator capable of evoking complex immune phenomena. Studies have highlighted its importance regarding intracellular signaling cascades as well as membrane-bound S1P receptor (S1PR) engagement in various clinical conditions. In neurological disorders, the S1P–S1PR axis is acknowledged in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and cerebrovascular disorders. Modulators of S1P signaling have enabled an immense insight into fundamental pathological pathways, which were pivotal in identifying and improving the treatment of human diseases. However, its intricate molecular signaling pathways initiated upon receptor ligation are still poorly elucidated. In this review, the authors highlight the current evidence for S1P signaling in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders as well as stroke and present an array of drugs targeting the S1P signaling pathway, which are being tested in clinical trials. Further insights on how the S1P–S1PR axis orchestrates disease initiation, progression, and recovery may hold a remarkable potential regarding therapeutic options in these neurological disorders.
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Potential sphingosine-1-phosphate-related therapeutic targets in the treatment of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2020; 249:117542. [PMID: 32169519 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that regulates lymphocyte trafficking, glial cell activation, vasoconstriction, endothelial barrier function, and neuronal death pathways in the brain. Research has increasingly implicated S1P in the pathology of cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. As a high-affinity agonist of S1P receptor, fingolimod exhibits excellent neuroprotective effects against ischemic challenge both in vivo and in vitro. By summarizing recent progress on how S1P participates in the development of brain IR injury, this review identifies potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of brain IR injury.
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Nakagawa S, Aruga J. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling Is Involved in Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier Function in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1594-1606. [PMID: 31802363 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a major bioactive lipid mediator in the vascular and immune system. Here, we have shown that inhibition of S1P signaling prevents blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after ischemia both in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro BBB models, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) enhanced the expression of an S1P synthesizing enzyme (Sphk1) and S1P transporters (Abca1, Spns2), increasing S1P in culture media. Inhibitors of Sphk1 (SKI-II) or Abca1 (probucol) attenuated the decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance and the increase in permeability caused by OGD/R. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) model of mice, probucol administration after MCAO operation reduced the infarction area and vascular leakage, preserving the integrity of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, MCAO/R caused activation of STAT3, a downstream mediator of S1P signaling, which was suppressed by postoperative probucol administration. Accordingly, S1P activated STAT3, both in cultured vascular endothelial cells and pericytes, and STAT3 signaling inhibitor (Stattic) protected BBB dysfunction in OGD/R-treated in vitro BBB models. These results suggest that inhibition of S1P signaling is a strategy to treat BBB impairment after cerebral ischemia and highlight the potential alternative use of probucol, a classical anti-hyperlipidemic drug, for emergency treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Jun Aruga
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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25
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Grassi S, Mauri L, Prioni S, Cabitta L, Sonnino S, Prinetti A, Giussani P. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptors and Metabolic Enzymes as Druggable Targets for Brain Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31427962 PMCID: PMC6689979 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is characterized by a high content of sphingolipids and by a high diversity in terms of different structures. Stage- and cell-specific sphingolipid metabolism and expression are crucial for brain development and maintenance toward adult age. On the other hand, deep dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism, leading to altered sphingolipid pattern, is associated with the majority of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, even those totally lacking a common etiological background. Thus, sphingolipid metabolism has always been regarded as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of brain disorders. However, any therapeutic hypothesis applied to complex amphipathic sphingolipids, components of cellular membranes, has so far failed probably because of the high regional complexity and specificity of the different biological roles of these structures. Simpler sphingosine-based lipids, including ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, are important regulators of brain homeostasis, and, thanks to the relative simplicity of their metabolic network, they seem a feasible druggable target for the treatment of brain diseases. The enzymes involved in the control of the levels of bioactive sphingoids, as well as the receptors engaged by these molecules, have increasingly allured pharmacologists and clinicians, and eventually fingolimod, a functional antagonist of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors with immunomodulatory properties, was approved for the therapy of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Considering the importance of neuroinflammation in many other brain diseases, we would expect an extension of the use of such analogs for the treatment of other ailments in the future. Nevertheless, many aspects other than neuroinflammation are regulated by bioactive sphingoids in healthy brain and dysregulated in brain disease. In this review, we are addressing the multifaceted possibility to address the metabolism and biology of bioactive sphingosine 1-phosphate as novel targets for the development of therapeutic paradigms and the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Cabitta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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26
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Ji J, Wang J, Yang J, Wang XP, Huang JJ, Xue TF, Sun XL. The Intra-nuclear SphK2-S1P Axis Facilitates M1-to-M2 Shift of Microglia via Suppressing HDAC1-Mediated KLF4 Deacetylation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1241. [PMID: 31214192 PMCID: PMC6557990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in a variety of cellular responses including microglial activation and polarization. However, the impacts of S1P on ischemia-induced microglial activation and polarization remain unclear. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley rats were selected for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) establishment and treated with S1P analog FTY720 (0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg) for 24 h. The impacts of FTY720 on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced microglial polarization were examined in the primary cultured microglia. FTY720 treatment could prevent ischemia-induced brain injury and neurological dysfunction, also decrease the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and promote M2 microglial polarization in rats. Further, we found that FTY720 inhibited the expressions of M1 markers, but increased the expressions of M2 markers in the OGD-insulted microglia. And FTY720 could enhance the phagocytic function of microglia. The sphingosine kinase 1/2 (SphK1/2) or the Sphk2 inhibitor could prevent the M1 to M2 phenotype shift improved by FTY720, but the Sphk1 inhibitor failed to affect the roles of FTY720. Furthermore, the Sphk1/2 or Sphk2 inhibitor promoted the activities of histone deacetylase (HDAC1) and inhibited the histone acetylation of the Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) promoter regions, indicating that intra-nuclear pFTY720 inhibited HDAC1 activations and prevented KLF4 to interact with HDAC1, and thereby suppresses KLF4 deacetylation. Therefore, our data reveals that intra-nuclear SphK2-S1P axis might facilitate the transformation of microglial polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype, which might be intra-nuclear regulatory mechanisms of FTY720-prevented neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi-Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng-Fei Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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27
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TRAF2 protects against cerebral ischemia-induced brain injury by suppressing necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:328. [PMID: 30988281 PMCID: PMC6465397 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Necroptosis contributes to ischemia-induced brain injury. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) has been reported to suppress necroptotic cell death under several pathological conditions. In this study, we investigated the role of TRAF2 in experimental stroke using a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and in vitro cellular models. TRAF2 expression in the ischemic brain was assessed with western blot and real-time RT-PCR. Gene knockdown of TRAF2 by lentivirus was utilized to investigate the role of TRAF2 in stroke outcomes. The expression of TRAF2 was significantly induced in the ischemic brain at 24 h after reperfusion, and neurons and microglia were two of the cellular sources of TRAF2 induction. Striatal knockdown of TRAF2 increased infarction size, cell death, microglial activation and the expression of pro-inflammatory markers at 24 h after reperfusion. TRAF2 expression and necroptosis were induced in mouse primary microglia treated with conditioned medium collected from neurons subject to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and in TNFα-treated mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells in the presence of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD. In addition, TRAF2 knockdown exacerbated microglial cell death and neuronal cell death under these conditions. Moreover, pre-treatment with a specific necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 (nec-1) suppressed the cell death exacerbated by TRAF2 knockdown in the brain following MCAO, indicating that TRAF2 impacted ischemic brain damage through necroptosis mechanism. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TRAF2 is a novel regulator of cerebral ischemic injury.
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Don-Doncow N, Vanherle L, Zhang Y, Meissner A. T-Cell Accumulation in the Hypertensive Brain: A Role for Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Mediated Chemotaxis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030537. [PMID: 30695999 PMCID: PMC6386943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is considered the major modifiable risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. Because increased blood pressure is often accompanied by an activation of the immune system, the concept of neuro-inflammation gained increasing attention in the field of hypertension-associated neurodegeneration. Particularly, hypertension-associated elevated circulating T-lymphocyte populations and target organ damage spurred the interest to understanding mechanisms leading to inflammation-associated brain damage during hypertension. The present study describes sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as major contributor to T-cell chemotaxis to the brain during hypertension-associated neuro-inflammation and cognitive impairment. Using Western blotting, flow cytometry and mass spectrometry approaches, we show that hypertension stimulates a sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)-dependent increase of cerebral S1P concentrations in a mouse model of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension. The development of a distinct S1P gradient between circulating blood and brain tissue associates to elevated CD3+ T-cell numbers in the brain. Inhibition of S1P1-guided T-cell chemotaxis with the S1P receptor modulator FTY720 protects from augmentation of brain CD3 expression and the development of memory deficits in hypertensive WT mice. In conclusion, our data highlight a new approach to the understanding of hypertension-associated inflammation in degenerative processes of the brain during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lotte Vanherle
- Department of Experimental Science, Lund University, 22 184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Experimental Science, Lund University, 22 184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anja Meissner
- Department of Experimental Science, Lund University, 22 184 Lund, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22 184 Lund, Sweden.
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Xu H, Qin W, Hu X, Mu S, Zhu J, Lu W, Luo Y. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of OTULIN ameliorates microglia activation and neuroinflammation by depressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:83. [PMID: 29544517 PMCID: PMC5856386 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation is mainly mediated by microglial cells. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is the key transcriptional pathway that initiates inflammatory responses following cerebral ischemia. OTULIN, a critical negative regulator of the NF-κΒ signaling pathway, exerts robust effects on peripheral immune cell-mediated inflammation and is regarded as an essential mediator for repressing inflammation in vivo. The effect of OTULIN on inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS) was previously unstudied. This current study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of OTULIN both in vitro and in vivo in ischemic stroke models. Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) or an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Overexpression of the OTULIN gene was utilized to observe the effect of OTULIN on ischemic stroke outcomes. The effect of OTULIN overexpression on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation was examined in rat primary microglia (PM) and in the microglial cell line N9 after induction by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated neuronal medium. The activation and inflammatory responses of microglia were detected using immunofluorescence, ELISA, and qRT-PCR. The details of molecular mechanism were assessed using Western blotting. Results In the tMCAO rats, the focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury induced a continuous increase in OTULIN expression within 72 h, and OTULIN expression was increased in activated microglial cells. OTULIN overexpression obviously decreased the cerebral infarct volume, improved the neurological function deficits, and reduced neuronal loss at 72 h after reperfusion, and it also inhibited the activation of microglia and attenuated the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by suppressing the NF-κB pathway at 24 h after tMCAO. In vitro, OTULIN overexpression inhibited the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by reducing the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 via depressing the NF-κB pathway in both PM and N9 cells. Conclusions OTULIN provides a potential therapeutic target for ischemic brain injury by ameliorating the excessive activation of microglial cells and neuroinflammation through repressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1117-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbei Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenyi Qin
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's hospital, Guizhou, 50002, China
| | - Song Mu
- Department of Anus & Intestine surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenhao Lu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Laboratory Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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30
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Wang X, Chen S, Ni J, Cheng J, Jia J, Zhen X. miRNA-3473b contributes to neuroinflammation following cerebral ischemia. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:11. [PMID: 29317607 PMCID: PMC5849032 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an essential role in stroke pathology. Here, we investigated the role of a newly identified microRNA, miR-3473b, in stroke pathology. The expression of miR-3473b was upregulated in the cortex and striatum in mice following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Intracerebroventricular injection of the miR-3473b antagomir prior to MCAO remarkably attenuated ischemia-induced expression of miR-3473b and pro-inflammatory factors in the ischemic brain and decreased infarct volumes in mice following MCAO. Using in vitro approaches, we showed that the miR-3473b antagomir reduced the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) in BV2 microglial cells subjected to LPS stimulation. The miR-3473b antagomir also decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in BV2 cells activated with conditioned medium collected from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated neurons. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a physiological regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, was predicted to be a potential target of miR-3473b. We verified that the miR-3473b mimic decreased SOCS3 expression in BV2 cells. Meanwhile, the miR-3473b antagomir significantly increased both SOCS3 mRNA and protein levels in the BV2 cells treated with LPS as well as in the ischemic brain. By using the dual luciferase assay, we further showed that the 3'-untranslational region of SOCS3 was directly targeted by miR-3473b. In conclusion, induction of miR-3473b, which is likely targeted to SOCS3, contributes to stroke pathogenesis by enhancing post-stroke neuroinflammation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingshu Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Hatoum D, Haddadi N, Lin Y, Nassif NT, McGowan EM. Mammalian sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes and isoform expression: challenges for SphK as an oncotarget. Oncotarget 2017; 8:36898-36929. [PMID: 28415564 PMCID: PMC5482707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The various sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoenzymes (isozymes) and isoforms, key players in normal cellular physiology, are strongly implicated in cancer and other diseases. Mutations in SphKs, that may justify abnormal physiological function, have not been recorded. Nonetheless, there is a large and growing body of evidence demonstrating the contribution of gain or loss of function and the imbalance in the SphK/S1P rheostat to a plethora of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetes and inflammatory diseases. SphK is expressed as two isozymes SphK1 and SphK2, transcribed from genes located on different chromosomes and both isozymes catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Expression of each SphK isozyme produces alternately spliced isoforms. In recent years the importance of the contribution of SpK1 expression to treatment resistance in cancer has been highlighted and, additionally, differences in treatment outcome appear to also be dependent upon SphK isoform expression. This review focuses on an exciting emerging area of research involving SphKs functions, expression and subcellular localization, highlighting the complexity of targeting SphK in cancer and also comorbid diseases. This review also covers the SphK isoenzymes and isoforms from a historical perspective, from their first discovery in murine species and then in humans, their role(s) in normal cellular function and in disease processes, to advancement of SphK as an oncotarget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nahal Haddadi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Najah T. Nassif
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Eileen M. McGowan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Su D, Cheng Y, Li S, Dai D, Zhang W, Lv M. Sphk1 mediates neuroinflammation and neuronal injury via TRAF2/NF-κB pathways in activated microglia in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 305:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Garcia-Gil M, Pierucci F, Vestri A, Meacci E. Crosstalk between sphingolipids and vitamin D3: potential role in the nervous system. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:605-627. [PMID: 28127747 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are both structural and bioactive compounds. In particular, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate regulate cell fate, inflammation and excitability. 1-α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) is known to play an important physiological role in growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types, including neural cells, through genomic actions mediated by its specific receptor, and non-genomic effects that result in the activation of specific signalling pathways. 1,25(OH)2 D3 and sphingolipids, in particular sphingosine 1-phosphate, share many common effectors, including calcium regulation, growth factors and inflammatory cytokines, but it is still not known whether they can act synergistically. Alterations in the signalling and concentrations of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 have been found in neurodegenerative diseases and fingolimod, a structural analogue of sphingosine, has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This review, after a brief description of the role of sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 , will focus on the potential crosstalk between sphingolipids and 1,25(OH)2 D3 in neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', Molecular and Applied Biology Research Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Interuniversitary Miology Institutes, Italy
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor therapies: Advances in clinical trials for CNS-related diseases. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:597-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Al-Shujairi WH, Clarke JN, Davies LT, Alsharifi M, Pitson SM, Carr JM. Intracranial Injection of Dengue Virus Induces Interferon Stimulated Genes and CD8+ T Cell Infiltration by Sphingosine Kinase 1 Independent Pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169814. [PMID: 28095439 PMCID: PMC5240945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the absence of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) affects both dengue virus (DENV) infection and innate immune responses in vitro. Here we aimed to define SK1-dependancy of DENV-induced disease and the associated innate responses in vivo. The lack of a reliable mouse model with a fully competent interferon response for DENV infection is a challenge, and here we use an experimental model of DENV infection in the brain of immunocompetent mice. Intracranial injection of DENV-2 into C57BL/6 mice induced body weight loss and neurological symptoms which was associated with a high level of DENV RNA in the brain. Body weight loss and DENV RNA level tended to be greater in SK1-/- compared with wildtype (WT) mice. Brain infection with DENV-2 is associated with the induction of interferon-β (IFN-β) and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression including viperin, Ifi27l2a, IRF7, and CXCL10 without any significant differences between WT and SK1-/- mice. The SK2 and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels in the brain were unchanged by DENV infection or the lack of SK1. Histological analysis demonstrated the presence of a cellular infiltrate in DENV-infected brain with a significant increase in mRNA for CD8 but not CD4 suggesting this infiltrate is likely CD8+ but not CD4+ T-lymphocytes. This increase in T-cell infiltration was not affected by the lack of SK1. Overall, DENV-infection in the brain induces IFN and T-cell responses but does not influence the SK/S1P axis. In contrast to our observations in vitro, SK1 has no major influence on these responses following DENV-infection in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam H. Al-Shujairi
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer N. Clarke
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lorena T. Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohammed Alsharifi
- Vaccine Research Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jillian M. Carr
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Mass spectrometry imaging of biomarker lipids for phagocytosis and signalling during focal cerebral ischaemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39571. [PMID: 28004822 PMCID: PMC5177920 DOI: 10.1038/srep39571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal cerebral ischaemia has an initial phase of inflammation and tissue injury followed by a later phase of resolution and repair. Mass spectrometry imaging (desorption electrospray ionization and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization) was applied on brain sections from mice 2 h, 24 h, 5d, 7d, and 20d after permanent focal cerebral ischaemia. Within 24 h, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylcholine, and ceramide accumulated, while sphingomyelin disappeared. At the later resolution stages, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP(22:6/22:6)), 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, ceramide-phosphate, sphingosine-1-phosphate, lysophosphatidylserine, and cholesteryl ester appeared. At day 5 to 7, dihydroxy derivates of docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid, some of which may be pro-resolving mediators, e.g. resolvins, were found in the injured area, and BMP(22:6/22:6) co-localized with the macrophage biomarker CD11b, and probably with cholesteryl ester. Mass spectrometry imaging can visualize spatiotemporal changes in the lipidome during the progression and resolution of focal cerebral inflammation and suggests that BMP(22:6/22:6) and N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines can be used as biomarkers for phagocytizing macrophages/microglia cells and dead neurones, respectively.
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Sun N, Keep RF, Hua Y, Xi G. Critical Role of the Sphingolipid Pathway in Stroke: a Review of Current Utility and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:420-38. [PMID: 27339463 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a series of cell membrane-derived lipids which act as signaling molecules and play a critical role in cell death and survival, proliferation, recognition, and migration. Sphingosine-1-phosphate acts as a key signaling molecule and regulates lymphocyte trafficking, glial cell activation, vasoconstriction, endothelial barrier function, and neuronal death pathways which plays a critical role in numerous neurological conditions. Stroke is a second leading cause of death all over the world and effective therapies are still in great demand, including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke as well as poststroke repair. Significantly, sphingolipid activities change after stroke and correlate with stroke outcome, which has promoted efforts to testify whether the sphingolipid pathway could be a novel therapeutic target in stroke. The sphingolipid metabolic pathway, the connection between the pathway and stroke, as well as therapeutic interventions to manipulate the pathway to reduce stroke-induced brain injury are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
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Sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate regulates the expression of interleukin-17A in activated microglia in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:551-62. [PMID: 27002656 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglial activation is one of the causative factors of neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), a key enzyme responsible for phosphorylating sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), plays an important role in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in activated microglia. Recent research demonstrated that S1P increased IL-17A-secretion and then worsened CNS (central nervous system) inflammation. Thus, in the present study, we sought to use microglial cells as the object of study to discuss the molecular mechanisms in Sphk1/S1P-regulated IL-17A-secretion in IR. METHODS We used immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to detect whether Sphk1 is expressed in microglia after cerebral IR or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGDR). Western blot analysis was used to estimate the total Sphk1 protein level at different time points after OGDR. To detect cytokine secretion in microglial supernatants in response to OGDR, we measured the concentration of IL-17A in the culture supernatants using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate whether microglia subjected to OGDR exhibited neuronal injury, we used a commercially available terminal transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) kit to detect apoptotic neurons. RESULTS Sphk1 was expressed in microglia in response to cerebral IR or OGDR at appointed time. Pre-injection with PF-543, an inhibitor of Sphk1, before IR clearly reduced the expression of Sphk1 in microglia relative to brain IR alone. The number of TUNEL-positive neurons was also decreased in the PF-543-pretreated animals before IR compared to the animals with IR alone. When S1P was administered in OGDR microglia, IL-17A expression and neuronal apoptosis were increased compared to OGDR alone and the administration of S1P alone. ELISA further confirmed the above results. Moreover, the inhibition of Sphk1 by siRNA reduced IL-17A production and relieved neuronal apoptosis in OGDR microglia. CONCLUSION These results indicated that Sphk1/S1P regulates the expression of IL-17A in activated microglia, inducing neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The microglial Sphk1/S1P pathway may thus be a potential therapeutic target to control neuroinflammation in brain IR.
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Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Improves Neurological Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury in Aged Mice: Involvement of Sirt3. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1257-1268. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Lin JJ, Chang T, Cai WK, Zhang Z, Yang YX, Sun C, Li ZY, Li WX. Post-injury administration of allicin attenuates ischemic brain injury through sphingosine kinase 2: In vivo and in vitro studies. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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