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Xiao W, Li P, Kong F, Kong J, Pan A, Long L, Yan X, Xiao B, Gong J, Wan L. Unraveling the Neural Circuits: Techniques, Opportunities and Challenges in Epilepsy Research. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:27. [PMID: 38443733 PMCID: PMC10914928 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity, frequent recurrence, and potential drug resistance, profoundly affects millions of people globally. Understanding the microscopic mechanisms underlying seizures is crucial for effective epilepsy treatment, and a thorough understanding of the intricate neural circuits underlying epilepsy is vital for the development of targeted therapies and the enhancement of clinical outcomes. This review begins with an exploration of the historical evolution of techniques used in studying neural circuits related to epilepsy. It then provides an extensive overview of diverse techniques employed in this domain, discussing their fundamental principles, strengths, limitations, as well as their application. Additionally, the synthesis of multiple techniques to unveil the complexity of neural circuits is summarized. Finally, this review also presents targeted drug therapies associated with epileptic neural circuits. By providing a critical assessment of methodologies used in the study of epileptic neural circuits, this review seeks to enhance the understanding of these techniques, stimulate innovative approaches for unraveling epilepsy's complexities, and ultimately facilitate improved treatment and clinical translation for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Peile Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fujiao Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jingyi Kong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Aihua Pan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lili Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaoe Gong
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Lily Wan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Chen Y, Wu XL, Hu HB, Yang SN, Zhang ZY, Fu GL, Zhang CT, Li ZM, Wu F, Si KW, Ma YB, Ji SF, Zhou JS, Ren XY, Xiao XL, Liu JX. Neuronal MeCP2 in the dentate gyrus regulates mossy fiber sprouting of mice with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106346. [PMID: 37931884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sprouting of mossy fibers, one of the most consistent findings in tissue from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, exhibits several uncommon axonal growth features and has been considered a paradigmatic example of circuit plasticity that occurs in the adult brain. Clarifying the mechanisms responsible may provide new insight into epileptogenesis as well as axon misguidance in the central nervous system. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) binds to methylated genomic DNA to regulate a range of physiological functions implicated in neuronal development and adult synaptic plasticity. However, exploring the potential role of MeCP2 in the documented misguidance of axons in the dentate gyrus has not yet been attempted. In this study, a status epilepticus-induced decrease of neuronal MeCP2 was observed in the dentate gyrus (DG). An essential regulatory role of MeCP2 in the development of functional mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) was confirmed through stereotaxic injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) to up- or down-regulate MeCP2 in the dentate neurons. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed to identify the binding profile of native MeCP2 using micro-dissected dentate tissues. In both dentate tissues and HT22 cell lines, we demonstrated that MeCP2 could act as a transcription repressor on miR-682 with the involvement of the DNA methylation mechanism. Further, we found that miR-682 could bind to mRNA of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in a sequence specific manner, thus leading to the suppression of PTEN and excessive activation of mTOR. This study therefore presents a novel epigenetic mechanism by identifying MeCP2/miR-682/PTEN/mTOR as an essential signal pathway in regulating the formation of MFS in the temporal lobe epileptic (TLE) mice. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Understanding the mechanisms that regulate axon guidance is important for a better comprehension of neural disorders. Sprouting of mossy fibers, one of the most consistent findings in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, has been considered a paradigmatic example of circuit plasticity in the adult brain. Although abnormal regulation of DNA methylation has been observed in both experimental rodents and humans with epilepsy, the potential role of DNA methylation in this well-documented example of sprouting of dentate axon remains elusive. This study demonstrates an essential role of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 in the formation of mossy fiber sprouting. The underlying signal pathway has been also identified. The data hence provide new insight into epileptogenesis as well as axon misguidance in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China
| | - Hai-Bo Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China
| | - Shu-Nan Yang
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City 710061, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City 710061, China
| | - Guan-Ling Fu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City 710061, China
| | - Chu-Tong Zhang
- Qide College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Meng Li
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Center of Teaching and Experiment for Medical Postgraduates, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Wei Si
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yan-Bing Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xin-Li Xiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China.
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an City 710061, China.
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Wei J, Liu H, Liu Z, Jiang X, Wang W. The Temporal and Spatial Changes of Th17, Tregs, and Related Cytokines in Epilepsy Lesions. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:7871302. [PMID: 35528532 PMCID: PMC9071937 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7871302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms in pathogenesis and development of epilepsy are still unclear. Specific inflammatory mediators and immune cells may play an important role. The aim of the present study was to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of Th17, Tregs, and related cytokines in epilepsy lesions. LiCl-pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) rat models were established, sensorimotor function was examined using modified neurological severity score (mNSS), cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze (MWM) test, pathological damages were detected by H&E staining and Nissl staining, helper T cells 17 (Th17), regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs), and their related cytokines were detected by Western blotting and immune staining. Results showed that Th17 and its related cytokines in epilepsy lesions played a role mainly at acute phase of epilepsy, and they were positively correlated with the pathological changes in the hippocampus and neurological and cognitive dysfunction caused by epilepsy. Conversely, Tregs and their related cytokines mainly played a role at progressive phase and had the opposite effect. Th17 and Tregs restricted each other during the recovery phase to achieve functional balance. Our results suggested that Th17, Tregs, and related cytokines in epilepsy lesions played an important role in the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy and balancing Th17 and Tregs may be efficacious therapeutics for patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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Neuroregenerative gene therapy to treat temporal lobe epilepsy in a rat model. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 208:102198. [PMID: 34852273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common drug-resistant epilepsy associated with abundant cell death in the hippocampus. Here, we develop a novel gene therapy-mediated cell therapy that regenerates GABAergic neurons using internal hippocampal astrocytes to suppress seizure activity in a rat TLE model. We discovered that TLE-induced reactive astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region can be efficiently converted into GABAergic neurons after overexpressing a neural transcription factor NeuroD1. The astrocyte-converted neurons showed typical markers of GABAergic interneurons, fired action potentials, and formed functional synaptic connections with other neurons. Following NeuroD1-mediated astrocyte-to-neuron conversion, the number of hippocampal interneurons was significantly increased, and the spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) activity was significantly decreased. Moreover, NeuroD1 gene therapy treatment rescued total neuronal loss in the CA1 region and ameliorated the cognitive and mood dysfunctions in the TLE rat model. These results suggest that regeneration of GABAergic interneurons through gene therapy approach may provide a novel therapeutic intervention to treat drug-resistant TLE.
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Sun C, Fu J, Qu Z, Jia L, Li D, Zhen J, Wang W. Chronic Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Restores Hippocampus Function and Rescues Cognitive Impairments in Chronic Epileptic Rats via Wnt/β-catenin Signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:617143. [PMID: 33584201 PMCID: PMC7874094 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.617143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder with frequent psychiatric, cognitive, and social comorbidities in addition to recurrent seizures. Cognitive impairment, one of the most common comorbidities, has severe adverse effects on quality of life. Chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) has demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy in several neurological disease models. In the present study, we examined the effects of CIHH on cognition and hippocampal function in chronic epileptic rats. CIHH treatment rescued deficits in spatial and object memory, hippocampal neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in pilocarpine-treated epileptic rats. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been implicated in neural stem cell proliferation and synapse development, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition effectively blocked the neurogenic effects of CIHH. Our findings indicate that CIHH rescues cognitive deficits in epileptic rats via Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. This study establishes CIHH and Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulators as potential treatments for epilepsy- induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junli Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Status epilepticus induced Gadd45b is required for augmented dentate neurogenesis. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102102. [PMID: 33279798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal models with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the status epilepticus (SE) leads to a dramatic increase in number of newly born neuron in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of dentate gyrus. How the SE confers a modulation in the dentate neurogenesis is mostly unknown. Gadd45b is involved in epigenetic gene activation by DNA demethylation. This study was performed to present a novel mechanism underling SE-induced dentate neurogenesis. A transient induction (12 hrs to 3 days) of Gadd45b was observed in dentate gyrus of mice after pilocarpine-induced SE. Labeling the dividing cells with BrdU, we next found that the induction of Gadd45b was required to increase the rate of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus at 7 and 14 days after SE. Afterward, the DNA methylation levels for candidate growth factor genes critical for the adult neurogenesis were assayed with Sequenom MassARRAY Analyzer. The results indicated that Gadd45b was necessary for SE-induced DNA demethylation of specific promoters and expression of corresponding genes in the dentate gyrus, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Using Timm staining, we further suggested that SE-induced Gadd45b might contribute to the subsequent mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) in the chronically epileptic hippocampus via epigenetic regulation of dentate neurogenesis at early stage after SE. Together, Gadd45b links pilocarpine-induced SE to epigenetic DNA modification of secreted factors in the dentate gyrus, leading to extrinsic modulation on the neurogenesis.
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Abstract
Next to cancer, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia is probably the most worrying health problem facing the Western world today. A large number of clinical trials have failed to show any benefit of the tested drugs in stabilizing or reversing the steady decline in cognitive function that is suffered by dementia patients. Although the pathological features of AD consisting of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles are well established, considerable debate exists concerning the genetic or lifestyle factors that predispose individuals to developing dementia. Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the therapeutic use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate healing, relieve pain and inflammation, and prevent tissue from dying. In recent years PBM has been applied for a diverse range of brain disorders, frequently applied in a non-invasive manner by shining light on the head (transcranial PBM). The present review discusses the mechanisms of action of tPBM in the brain, and summarizes studies that have used tPBM to treat animal models of AD. The results of a limited number of clinical trials that have used tPBM to treat patients with AD and dementia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Effect of Exercise Interventions on Kainate Induced Status Epilepticus and Associated Co-morbidities; A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sun C, Fu J, Qu Z, Li D, Si P, Qiao Q, Zhang W, Xue Y, Zhen J, Wang W. Chronic mild hypoxia promotes hippocampal neurogenesis involving Notch1 signaling in epileptic rats. Brain Res 2019; 1714:88-98. [PMID: 30768929 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and disabling co-morbidities of epilepsy. It is therefore imperative to find novel treatment approaches to rescue cognitive function among epilepsy patients. Adult neurogenesis is strongly implicated in cognitive function, and mild hypoxia is known to promote the proliferation and differentiation of both embryonic and adult neural stem cells (NSCs). In the present study, we investigated the effect of mild hypoxia on cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis of rats with pilocarpine-induced chronic epilepsy. Chronic epilepsy induced marked spatial learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze that were rescued by consecutively 28 days mild hypoxia exposure (6 h/d at 3000 m altitude equivalent) during the chronic phase. Moreover, mild hypoxia reversed the suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis and the downregulation of NT-3 and BDNF expression in hippocampus and cortex of epileptic rats. Mild hypoxia in vitro also promoted hippocampus-derived NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. In addition, mild hypoxia enhanced Notch1 and Hes1 expression, suggesting that Notch1 signaling may be involved in neuroprotection of hypoxia. Our data may help to pave the way for identifying new therapeutic targets for rescuing cognition conflicts in epileptic patients by using hypoxia to promote hippocampus neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Sun
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peipei Si
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu K, Yuan B, Hu M, Li CJ, Xu JH, Feng GF, Liu Y, Liu JX. Ablation of aberrant neurogenesis fails to attenuate cognitive deficit of chronically epileptic mice. Epilepsy Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Zhu K, Yuan B, Hu M, Feng GF, Liu Y, Liu JX. Reduced abnormal integration of adult-generated granule cells does not attenuate spontaneous recurrent seizures in mice. Epilepsy Res 2017; 133:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhu K, Hu M, Yuan B, Liu JX, Liu Y. Aspirin attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures in the chronically epileptic mice. Neurol Res 2017; 39:744-757. [PMID: 28481152 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1326657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroinflammatory processes are pathologic hallmarks of both experimental and human epilepsy, and could be implicated in the neuronal hyperexcitability. Aspirin represents one of the non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with fewer side effects in long-term application. This study was carried out to assess the anti-epileptic effects of aspirin when administered during the chronic stage of temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE] in mice. The alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis was also examined for raising a possible mechanism underlying the protective effect of anti-inflammatory treatment in the TLE. METHODS Two months after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, the chronically epileptic mice were treated with aspirin (20 mg, 60 mg or 80 mg/kg) once a day for 10 weeks. Spontaneous recurrent seizures were monitored by video camera for 2 weeks. To evaluate the profile of hippocampal neurogenesis, the newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus were labeled by the proliferation marker BrdU. The newborn neurons that extended axons to CA3 area were visualized by cholera toxin B subunit retrograde tracing. RESULTS Administration of aspirin with a dosage of 60 mg or 80 mg/kg initiated at 2 months after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus significantly reduced the frequency and duration of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Aspirin treatment also increased the number of newborn neurons with anatomic integration through improving the survival of the newly generated cells. CONCLUSION Aspirin treatment during the chronic stage of TLE could attenuate the spontaneous recurrent seizures in mice. Promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis and inhibition of COX-PGE2 pathway might partly contribute to this anti-epileptic effect. Highlights • Aspirin attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures of chronically epileptic mice • Aspirin increases neurogenesis of chronically epileptic hippocampus by improving the survival of newly generated cells • Promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis and inhibition of COX-PGE2 pathway might partly contribute to anti-epileptic effects of aspirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- a Institute of Neurobiology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China
| | - Ming Hu
- a Institute of Neurobiology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China.,b Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China
| | - Bo Yuan
- a Institute of Neurobiology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- a Institute of Neurobiology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China
| | - Yong Liu
- a Institute of Neurobiology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center , Xi'an , China
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Liu JX, Hu M, Zhu K, Chen XL, Zhang JS, Yuan B, Liu Y. Residual neurogenesis in chronically epileptic hippocampus of mice. Epilepsy Res 2016; 127:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Llorens-Martín M, Rábano A, Ávila J. The Ever-Changing Morphology of Hippocampal Granule Neurons in Physiology and Pathology. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:526. [PMID: 26834550 PMCID: PMC4717329 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons are continuously added to the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout adulthood. In this review, we analyze the maturational stages that newborn granule neurons go through, with a focus on their unique morphological features during each stage under both physiological and pathological circumstances. In addition, the influence of deleterious (such as schizophrenia, stress, Alzheimer's disease, seizures, stroke, inflammation, dietary deficiencies, or the consumption of drugs of abuse or toxic substances) and neuroprotective (physical exercise and environmental enrichment) stimuli on the maturation of these cells will be examined. Finally, the regulation of this process by proteins involved in neurodegenerative and neurological disorders such as Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC-1), Glucocorticoid receptor, pro-inflammatory mediators, Presenilin-1, Amyloid precursor protein, Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), among others, will be evaluated. Given the recently acquired relevance of the dendritic branch as a functional synaptic unit required for memory storage, a full understanding of the morphological alterations observed in newborn neurons may have important consequences for the prevention and treatment of the cognitive and affective alterations that evolve in conjunction with impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Llorens-Martín
- Molecular Neurobiology, Function of Microtubular Proteins, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)Madrid, Spain; Neuropathology Department, CIEN FoundationMadrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Molecular Neurobiology, Function of Microtubular Proteins, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid)Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)Madrid, Spain
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