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Roytrakul S, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Charoenlappanit S, Thaisakun S, Kumsri N, Arpornsuwan T. Secretomic changes of amyloid beta peptides on Alzheimer's disease related proteins in differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17732. [PMID: 39035166 PMCID: PMC11260076 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes physical damage to neuronal connections, leading to brain atrophy. This disruption of synaptic connections results in mild to severe cognitive impairments. Unfortunately, no effective treatment is currently known to prevent or reverse the symptoms of AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three synthetic peptides, i.e., KLVFF, RGKLVFFGR and RIIGL, on an AD in vitro model represented by differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The results demonstrated that RIIGL peptide had the least significant cytotoxic activity to normal SH-SY5Y while exerting high cytotoxicity against the differentiated cells. The mechanism of RIIGL peptide in the differentiated SH-SY5Y was investigated based on changes in secretory proteins compared to another two peptides. A total of 380 proteins were identified, and five of them were significantly detected after treatment with RIIGL peptide. These secretory proteins were found to be related to microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP). RIIGL peptide acts on differentiated SH-SY5Y by regulating amyloid-beta formation, neuron apoptotic process, ceramide catabolic process, and oxidative phosphorylation and thus has the potentials to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Thaisakun
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Nitithorn Kumsri
- Undergraduate Student of Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
| | - Teerakul Arpornsuwan
- Medical Technology Research and Service Unit, Health Care Service Center, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Yu X, Guo J, Song Y, Wei B, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Gao Q, Wang B, Sun M. HDAC1/2/3-mediated downregulation of neurogranin is involved in cognitive impairment in offspring exposed to maternal subclinical hypothyroidism. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23736. [PMID: 38865202 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400389r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is the most common form of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, which can affect fetal nervous system development and increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders after birth. However, the mechanism of the effect of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism on fetal brain development and behavioral phenotypes is still unclear and requires further study. In this study, we constructed a mouse model of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism by exposing dams to drinking water containing 50 ppm propylthiouracil (PTU) during pregnancy and found that its offspring were accompanied by severe cognitive deficits by behavioral testing. Mechanistically, gestational SCH resulted in the upregulation of protein expression and activity of HDAC1/2/3 in the hippocampus of the offspring. ChIP analysis revealed that H3K9ac on the neurogranin (Ng) promoter was reduced in the hippocampus of the offspring of SCH, with a significant reduction in Ng protein, leading to reduced expression levels of synaptic plasticity markers PSD95 (a membrane-associated protein in the postsynaptic density) and SYN (synaptophysin, a specific marker for presynaptic terminals), and impaired synaptic plasticity. In addition, administration of MS-275 (an HDAC1/2/3-specific inhibitor) to SCH offspring alleviated impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction in offspring. Thus, our study suggests that maternal subclinical hypothyroidism may mediate offspring cognitive dysfunction through the HDAC1/2/3-H3K9ac-Ng pathway. Our study contributes to the understanding of the signaling mechanisms underlying maternal subclinical hypothyroidism-mediated cognitive impairment in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueyang Song
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zejun Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic, Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Svirsky SE, Ranellone NS, Parry M, Holets E, Henchir J, Li Y, Carlson SW, Edward Dixon C. All-trans Retinoic Acid has Limited Therapeutic Effects on Cognition and Hippocampal Protein Expression After Controlled Cortical Impact. Neuroscience 2022; 499:130-141. [PMID: 35878718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to impair synaptic function, and subsequently contribute to observed cognitive deficits. Retinoic Acid (RA) signaling modulates expression of synaptic plasticity proteins and is involved in hippocampal learning and memory. All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of Vitamin A, has been identified as a potential pharmacotherapeutic for other neurological disorders due to this role. This study conducted an ATRA dose response to determine its therapeutic effects on cognitive behaviors and expression of hippocampal markers of synaptic plasticity and RA signaling proteins after experimental TBI. Under isoflurane anesthesia, adult male Sprague Dawley rats received either controlled cortical impact (CCI, 2.5 mm deformation, 4 m/s) or control surgery. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.5, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of ATRA or vehicle for 2 weeks. Animals underwent motor and spatial learning and memory testing. Hippocampal expression of synaptic plasticity proteins neurogranin (Ng), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluA1 sub-unit, as well as RA signaling proteins STRA6, ADLH1a1, CYP26A1 and CYP26B1 were evaluated by western blot at 2-weeks post-injury. ATRA treatment significantly recovered Ng synaptic protein expression, while having no effect on motor performance, spatial learning, and memory, and GluA1 expression after TBI. RA signaling protein expression is unchanged 2 weeks after TBI. Overall, ATRA administration after TBI showed limited therapeutic benefits compared to the vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Svirsky
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Nicholas S Ranellone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Madison Parry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Erik Holets
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jeremy Henchir
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Youming Li
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Shaun W Carlson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - C Edward Dixon
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Talebi A, Mohseni-Moghaddam P. Thyroid Disorders and Development of Cognitive Impairment: A Review Study. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:835-844. [PMID: 34963121 DOI: 10.1159/000521650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a neurological disorder that is spreading with increasing human lifespan. In this neurological disorder, memory and cognition are declined and eventually impaired. Various factors can be considered as the background of this disorder, one of which is endocrine disorders. Thyroid hormones are involved in various physiological processes in the body; one of the most important of them is neuromodulation. Thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, can affect the nervous system and play a role in the development of dementia. Despite decades of investigation, the nature of the association between thyroid disorders and cognition remains a mystery. Given the enhancing global burden of dementia, the principal purpose of this study was to elucidate the association between thyroid disturbances as a potentially modifiable risk factor of cognitive dysfunction. In this review study, we have tried to collect almost all of the reported mechanisms demonstrating the role of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the pathogenesis of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Anis Talebi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohseni-Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Dulewicz M, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Słowik A, Borawska R, Mroczko B. Neurogranin and Neuronal Pentraxin Receptor as Synaptic Dysfunction Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194575. [PMID: 34640593 PMCID: PMC8509697 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic loss and dysfunction are one of the earliest signs of neurodegeneration associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It seems that by assessing proteins related to synapses, one may reflect their dysfunction and improve the understanding of neurobiological processes in the early stage of the disease. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that analyzes the CSF concentrations of two synaptic proteins together, such as neurogranin (Ng) and neuronal pentraxins receptor (NPTXR) in relation to neurochemical dementia biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Ng, NPTXR and classical AD biomarkers concentrations were measured in the CSF of patients with AD and non-demented controls (CTRL) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Luminex xMAP technology. Results: The CSF level of Ng was significantly higher, whereas the NPTXR was significantly lower in the AD patients than in cognitively healthy controls. As a first, we calculated the NPTXR/Ng ratio as an indicator of synaptic disturbance. The patients with AD presented a significantly decreased NPTXR/Ng ratio. The correlation was observed between both proteins in the AD and the whole study group. Furthermore, the relationship between the Ng level and pTau181 was found in the AD group of patients. Conclusions: The Ng and NPTXR concentrations in CSF are promising synaptic dysfunction biomarkers reflecting pathological changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (R.B.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (R.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Słowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Renata Borawska
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (R.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (R.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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Willemse EAJ, Sieben A, Somers C, Vermeiren Y, De Roeck N, Timmers M, Van Broeckhoven C, De Vil B, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Martin JJ, Teunissen CE, Engelborghs S, Bjerke M. Neurogranin as biomarker in CSF is non-specific to Alzheimer's disease dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 108:99-109. [PMID: 34551375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the specificity of neurogranin (Ng) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a dementia cohort. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ng was measured (ELISA) in two independent cohorts: (1) clinical (n = 116; age 72±11 years): AD, non-AD (+high T-tau), and controls; and (2) autopsy-confirmed (n = 97; age 71±11 years): AD and non-AD, and 50 controls (age 60±6 years). In 16 autopsy-confirmed AD and 8 control subjects, Ng was measured in tissue (BA6+BA22). Ng was compared across diagnostic groups or neuropathological staging using multilinear regression models. Median[IQR] Ng concentrations were elevated in AD (414[315-499]pg/mL) and non-AD (464[319-699]pg/mL) compared to controls (260[193-306]pg/mL), but highest in AD-high-T-tau (874[716, 1148] pg/mL) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD; 828[703-1373]pg/mL) in cohort 1 (p < 0.01), but not in cohort 2: AD: 358[249-470]pg/mL; non-AD:245[137-416]pg/mL; controls: 259[193-370]pg/mL. Ng and tau biomarkers strongly correlated (r = 0.4-0.9, p < 0.05), except in CJD. CSF Ng concentrations were not associated with neuropathological AD hallmarks, nor with tissue Ng concentrations. CSF Ng is a general biomarker for synaptic degeneration, strongly correlating with CSF tau, but without added value for AD differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A J Willemse
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurochemistry laboratory. Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Alzheimer Center, Dept. of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Sieben
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charisse Somers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Naomi De Roeck
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Timmers
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Janssen Research and Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart De Vil
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Cras
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA) Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry laboratory. Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM) and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, and Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neurochemistry laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Zhang M, Zhong X, Shi H, Vanmechelen E, De Vos A, Liu S, Chen B, Mai N, Peng Q, Chen X, Wu Z, Hou L, Zhou H, Ouyang C, Zhang W, Liang W, Dai C, Ning Y. BACE1 and Other Alzheimer's-Related Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Distinguish Alzheimer's Disease Patients from Cognitively-Impaired Neurosyphilis Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:313-322. [PMID: 32804135 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with spirochetal infection, which causes neurosyphilis (NS) and at a later stage general paresis of the insane (GPI), present with brain pathology features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationships among these illnesses regarding biomarker levels are still unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore biomarker levels in NS and GPI compared with those in AD and the relationship between biomarker levels and cognitive function in NS and GPI. METHODS Levels of neurogranin (NGRN) and β-amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma, together with amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ40), Aβ42, and total tau in the CSF of 23 AD patients, 55 GPI patients, and 13 NS patients were measured. Patients were classified into none-to-mild, moderate, and severe stages of cognitive impairment. RESULTS Levels of CSF NGRN, BACE1, and tau as well as plasma BACE1 levels were significantly different among groups. In the none-to-mild stage, plasma BACE1 levels correlated with the protein levels in CSF and were significantly increased in AD patients versus GPI patients. The CSF tau levels in AD patients were significantly increased versus GPI patients in the moderate and severe stages. Pooling data from GPI and NS patients, both CSF tau and plasma NGRN levels correlated with cognitive scale scores. CONCLUSION GPI and NS patients might have different biomarker level patterns compared to AD patients. While plasma BACE1 could be a promising early biomarker for distinguishing AD from GPI, CSF tau and plasma NGRN levels might be valuable in indications of cognitive function in pooled NS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhong
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haishan Shi
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Sen Liu
- Beijing Seven Dimension Neuroscience Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Naikeng Mai
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangying Wu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Hou
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Ouyang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiru Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyuan Liang
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunying Dai
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Moore EE, Jefferson AL. Impact of Cardiovascular Hemodynamics on Cognitive Aging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1255-1264. [PMID: 33567862 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.311909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Moore
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (E.E.M., A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (E.E.M.)
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (E.E.M., A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Neurology (A.L.J.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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9
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Redina O, Babenko V, Smagin D, Kovalenko I, Galyamina A, Efimov V, Kudryavtseva N. Gene Expression Changes in the Ventral Tegmental Area of Male Mice with Alternative Social Behavior Experience in Chronic Agonistic Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6599. [PMID: 32917038 PMCID: PMC7555283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily agonistic interactions of mice are an effective experimental approach to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the excitation of the brain neurons and the formation of alternative social behavior patterns. An RNA-Seq analysis was used to compare the ventral tegmental area (VTA) transcriptome profiles for three groups of male C57BL/6J mice: winners, a group of chronically winning mice, losers, a group of chronically defeated mice, and controls. The data obtained show that both winners and defeated mice experience stress, which however, has a more drastic effect on defeated animals causing more significant changes in the levels of gene transcription. Four genes (Nrgn, Ercc2, Otx2, and Six3) changed their VTA expression profiles in opposite directions in winners and defeated mice. It was first shown that Nrgn (neurogranin) expression was highly correlated with the expression of the genes involved in dopamine synthesis and transport (Th, Ddc, Slc6a3, and Drd2) in the VTA of defeated mice but not in winners. The obtained network of 31 coregulated genes, encoding proteins associated with nervous system development (including 24 genes associated with the generation of neurons), may be potentially useful for studying their role in the VTA dopaminergic neurons maturation under the influence of social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Redina
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.B.); (D.S.); (I.K.); (A.G.); (V.E.); (N.K.)
| | - Vladimir Babenko
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.B.); (D.S.); (I.K.); (A.G.); (V.E.); (N.K.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Smagin
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.B.); (D.S.); (I.K.); (A.G.); (V.E.); (N.K.)
| | - Irina Kovalenko
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.B.); (D.S.); (I.K.); (A.G.); (V.E.); (N.K.)
| | - Anna Galyamina
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.B.); (D.S.); (I.K.); (A.G.); (V.E.); (N.K.)
| | - Vadim Efimov
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.B.); (D.S.); (I.K.); (A.G.); (V.E.); (N.K.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Kudryavtseva
- FRC Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.B.); (D.S.); (I.K.); (A.G.); (V.E.); (N.K.)
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Mavroudis IA, Petridis F, Chatzikonstantinou S, Kazis D. A meta-analysis on CSF neurogranin levels for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:1639-1646. [PMID: 31463927 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurogranin is a postsynaptic protein involved in long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have shown increased neurogranin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients, and in patients with mild cognitive impairment. METHOD We searched the online databases for studies on neurogranin cerebrospinal fluid levels in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and other neurodegenerative disorders, and we did a meta-analysis to clarify whether this can be a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and the discrimination from other disorders. RESULTS The present meta-analysis showed that neurogranin CSF levels are significantly higher in AD patients compared to NC [SMD: 268.26, 95% CI (143.47, 393.04), Z = 4.21, P = 0.0001], MCI [SMD: 23.45 (15.97, 30.92), Z = 6.15, P < 0.00001], FTD [SMD: 1.91 (0.92, 2.89), Z = 3.80, P < 0.0001], but no significant difference was found between AD and LBD [SMD: 138.51 (- 14.92, 291.95), Z = 1.77, P = 0.08]. Comparison of stable MCI and MCI that progressed to AD showed significantly higher levels in the CSF of MCI patients who progressed to AD, compared to stable MCI patients [SMD: 230.84 (12.54, 449.14), Z = 2.07, P = 0.04]. Neurogranin can also be a useful biomarker for the differentiation MCI and NC, but not between MCI and FTD or LBD. CONCLUSION Neurogranin could be added to the panel of existing biomarkers for a more accurate diagnosis and progress of AD and assessment of underlying pathological changes in the brain.
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Becker B, Nazir FH, Brinkmalm G, Camporesi E, Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, Boström M, Kalm M, Höglund K, Olsson M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Alzheimer-associated cerebrospinal fluid fragments of neurogranin are generated by Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:47. [PMID: 30157938 PMCID: PMC6116393 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurogranin (Ng) is a small 7.6 kDa postsynaptic protein that has been detected at elevated concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both as a full-length molecule and as fragments from its C-terminal half. Ng is involved in postsynaptic calcium (Ca) signal transduction and memory formation via binding to calmodulin in a Ca-dependent manner. The mechanism of Ng secretion from neurons to CSF is currently unknown, but enzymatic cleavage of Ng may be of relevance. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the enzymes responsible for the cleavage of Ng, yielding the Ng fragment pattern of C-terminal fragments detectable and increased in CSF of AD patients. Methods Fluorigenic quenched FRET probes containing sequences of Ng were utilized to identify Ng cleaving activities among enzymes known to have increased activity in AD and in chromatographically fractionated mouse brain extracts. Results Human Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase were identified as the candidate enzymes involved in the formation of endogenous Ng peptides present in CSF, cleaving mainly in the central region of Ng, and between amino acids 75_76 in the Ng sequence, respectively. The cleavage by Calpain-1 affects the IQ domain of Ng, which may deactivate or change the function of Ng in Ca2+/calmodulin -dependent signaling for synaptic plasticity. While shorter Ng fragments were readily cleaved in vitro by prolyl endopeptidase, the efficiency of cleavage on larger Ng fragments was much lower. Conclusions Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase cleave Ng in the IQ domain and near the C-terminus, respectively, yielding specific fragments of Ng in CSF. These fragments may give clues to the roles of increased activities of these enzymes in the pathophysiology of AD, and provide possible targets for pharmacologic intervention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0279-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Faisal Hayat Nazir
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Elena Camporesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martina Boström
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Kalm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maria Olsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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12
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Salazar P, Cisternas P, Martinez M, Inestrosa NC. Hypothyroidism and Cognitive Disorders during Development and Adulthood: Implications in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2952-2963. [PMID: 30073507 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a critical function in fundamental signaling of the body regulating process such as metabolism of glucose and lipids, cell maturation and proliferation, and neurogenesis, to name just a few. THs trigger biological effects both by directly affecting gene expression through the interaction with nuclear receptors (genomic effects) and by activating protein kinases and/or ion channels (short-term effects). For years, a close relationship between the THs hormones and the central nervous system (CNS) has been described, not only for neuronal cells but also for glial development and differentiation. A deficit in thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) is observed in the hypothyroid condition, generated by a iodine deficiency or an autoimmune response of the body. In the hypothyroid condition, several cellular deregulation and alterations have been described in dendrite spine morphology, cell migration and proliferation, and impaired synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, among others. The aim of this review is to describe the role of the thyroid hormones with focus in brain function and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Salazar
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Milka Martinez
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile. .,CARE UC Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 340, P. O. Box 114, -D, Santiago, Chile.
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13
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Willemse EAJ, De Vos A, Herries EM, Andreasson U, Engelborghs S, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Crimmins D, Ladenson JH, Vanmechelen E, Zetterberg H, Fagan AM, Blennow K, Bjerke M, Teunissen CE. Neurogranin as Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Alzheimer Disease: An Assay Comparison Study. Clin Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.283028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlates with cognitive decline and is a potential novel biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. We investigated the analytical and diagnostic performance of 3 commonly used neurogranin assays in the same cohort of patients to improve the interpretability of CSF neurogranin test results.
METHODS
The neurogranin Erenna® assay from Washington University, St. Louis, MO (WashU); ELISA from ADx Neurosciences; and ELISA from Gothenburg University, Mölndal, Sweden (UGot), were compared using silver staining and Western blot after gel electrophoresis. Clinical performance of the 3 assays was compared in samples from individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (n = 22), and in patients with AD (n = 22), frontotemporal dementia (n = 22), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 22), or vascular dementia (n = 20), adjusted for sex and age.
RESULTS
The assays detected different epitopes of neurogranin: the WashU assay detected the N-terminal part of neurogranin (S10-D23) and a C-terminal part (G49-G60), the ADx assay detected C-terminal neurogranin truncated at P75, and the UGot assay detected the C-terminal neurogranin with intact ending (D78). Spearman ρ was 0.95 between ADx and WashU, 0.87 between UGot and WashU, and 0.81 between UGot and ADx. ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) showed group differences for ranked neurogranin concentrations in each assay (all P < 0.05), with specific increases in AD.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the 3 assays target different epitopes on neurogranin and have different calibrators, the high correlations and the similar group differences suggest that the different forms of neurogranin in CSF carry similar diagnostic information, at least in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A J Willemse
- Neurochemistry laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Elizabeth M Herries
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- VU University Medical Center, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dan Crimmins
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jack H Ladenson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Reference Center for Biological Markers of Dementia (BIODEM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Intrahippocampal injection of a lentiviral vector expressing neurogranin enhances cognitive function in 5XFAD mice. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e461. [PMID: 29568074 PMCID: PMC5898899 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive cognitive declines are the main clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive impairment in AD is directly correlated with amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated synaptic deficits. It is known that upregulation of neurogranin (Ng), a postsynaptic protein, contributes to the enhancement of synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. By contrast, downregulation of Ng expression results in learning and memory impairments. Interestingly, Ng expression is significantly reduced in the parenchyma of brains with AD. However, the pathological role that downregulated Ng plays in the cognitive dysfunctions observed in AD remains unclear. Therefore, the present study examined whether enhancing Ng expression affected cognitive functions in 5XFAD mice, an animal model of AD. We found that the Ng reductions and cognitive decline observed in 5XFAD mice were restored in mice that were intrahippocampally injected with an Ng-expressing lentiviral vector. Furthermore, overexpression of Ng upregulated expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. These results suggest that the cause of cognitive decline in AD may be at least partially associated with reduced Ng levels, and thus, supplementation of Ng may be an appropriate therapeutic strategy for individuals with AD.
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15
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Han KS, Cooke SF, Xu W. Experience-Dependent Equilibration of AMPAR-Mediated Synaptic Transmission during the Critical Period. Cell Rep 2017; 18:892-904. [PMID: 28122240 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experience-dependent synapse refinement is essential for functional optimization of neural circuits. However, how sensory experience sculpts excitatory synaptic transmission is poorly understood. Here, we show that despite substantial remodeling of synaptic connectivity, AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission remains at equilibrium during the critical period in the mouse primary visual cortex. The maintenance of this equilibrium requires neurogranin (Ng), a postsynaptic calmodulin-binding protein important for synaptic plasticity. With normal visual experience, loss of Ng decreased AMPAR-positive synapse numbers, prevented AMPAR-silent synapse maturation, and increased spine elimination. Importantly, visual deprivation halted synapse loss caused by loss of Ng, revealing that Ng coordinates experience-dependent AMPAR-silent synapse conversion to AMPAR-active synapses and synapse elimination. Loss of Ng also led to sensitized long-term synaptic depression (LTD) and impaired visually guided behavior. Our synaptic interrogation reveals that experience-dependent coordination of AMPAR-silent synapse conversion and synapse elimination hinges upon Ng-dependent mechanisms for constructive synaptic refinement during the critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Seok Han
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samuel F Cooke
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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16
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Peacock WF, Van Meter TE, Mirshahi N, Ferber K, Gerwien R, Rao V, Sair HI, Diaz-Arrastia R, Korley FK. Derivation of a Three Biomarker Panel to Improve Diagnosis in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2017; 8:641. [PMID: 29250027 PMCID: PMC5714862 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly 5 million emergency department (ED) visits for head injury occur each year in the United States, of which <10% of patients show abnormal computed tomography (CT) findings. CT negative patients frequently suffer protracted somatic, behavioral, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Our goal was to evaluate biomarkers to identify mild TBI (mTBI) in patients with suspected head injury. Methods An observational ED study of head-injured and control patients was conducted at Johns Hopkins University (HeadSMART). Head CT was obtained (ACEP criteria) in patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 13–15 and aged 18–80. Three candidate biomarker proteins, neurogranin (NRGN), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and metallothionein 3 (MT3), were evaluated by immunoassay (samples <24 h from injury). American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) criteria were used for diagnosis of mTBI patients for model building. Univariate analysis, logistic regression, and random forest (RF) algorithms were used for data analysis in R. Overall, 662 patients were studied. Statistical models were built using 328 healthy controls and 179 mTBI patients. Results Median time from injury was 5.9 h (IQR, 4.0; range 0.8–24 h). mTBI patients had elevated NSE, but decreased MT3 versus controls (p < 0.01 for each). NRGN was also elevated but within 2–6 h after injury. In the derivation set, the best model to distinguish mTBI from healthy controls used three markers, age, and sex as covariates (C-statistic = 0.91, sensitivity 98%, specificity 72%). Panel test accuracy was validated with the 155 remaining ACRM+ mTBI patients. Applying the RF model to the ACRM+ mTBI validation set resulted in 78% correctly classified as mTBI (119/153). CT positive and CT negative validation subsets were 91% and 75% correctly classified. In samples taken <2 h from injury, 100% (10/10) samples classified correctly, indicating that hyperacute testing is possible with these biomarker assays. The model accuracy varied from 72–100% overall, and had greater accuracy with increasing severity, as shown by comparing CT+ with CT− (91% versus 75%), and Injury Severity Score ≥16 versus <16 (88% versus 72%, respectively). Objective blood tests, detecting NRGN, NSE, and MT3, can be used to identify mTBI, irrespective of neuroimaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Frank Peacock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ben Taub Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Timothy E Van Meter
- Program for Neurological Diseases, ImmunArray, Inc., Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Nazanin Mirshahi
- Program for Neurological Diseases, ImmunArray, Inc., Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kyle Ferber
- Program for Neurological Diseases, ImmunArray, Inc., Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Robert Gerwien
- Gerwien Statistical Consulting, Newington, CT, United States
| | - Vani Rao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Haris Iqbal Sair
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Frederick K Korley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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17
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Electroconvulsive therapy does not alter the synaptic protein neurogranin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with major depression. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1641-1645. [PMID: 29063349 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurogranin (Ng) is a dendritic protein associated with synaptic plasticity, proposed to be a novel biomarker to measure synaptic dysfunction and degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Since electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been suggested to facilitate neurogenesis and neural plasticity, we tested whether ECT could modify CSF Ng concentrations measured before and after a course of ECT in 12 patients with major depression. CSF Ng concentrations did not change, but baseline levels were positively correlated with the therapeutic response.
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18
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Endophilin2 Interacts with GluA1 to Mediate AMPA Receptor Endocytosis Induced by Oligomeric Amyloid- β. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:8197085. [PMID: 28758034 PMCID: PMC5516760 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8197085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as oligomeric Aβ induces loss of postsynaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) leading to cognitive deficits. The loss of postsynaptic AMPARs is mediated through the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway, in which endophilin2 is one of the important regulatory proteins. Endophilin2, which is enriched in both the pre- and postsynaptic membrane, has previously been reported to be important for recycling of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic membrane. However, the role of endophilin2 in oligomeric Aβ-induced postsynaptic AMPAR endocytosis is not well understood. In this study, we show that endophilin2 does not affect constitutive AMPAR endocytosis. Endophilin2 knockdown, but not overexpression, resisted oligomeric Aβ-induced AMPAR dysfunction. Moreover, endophilin2 colocalized and interacted with GluA1, a subunit of AMPAR, to regulate oligomeric Aβ-induced AMPAR endocytosis. Thus, we have determined a role of endophilin2 in oligomeric Aβ-induced postsynaptic AMPAR dysfunction, indicating possible directions for preventing the loss of AMPARs in cognitive impairment and providing evidence for the clinical treatment of AD.
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Sun X, Dong C, Levin B, Crocco E, Loewenstein D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Wright CB. APOE ε4 carriers may undergo synaptic damage conferring risk of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1159-1166. [PMID: 27321472 PMCID: PMC5742562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) carriers remains unclear. We hypothesize that APOE isoforms have differential effects on synaptic function. METHODS We compared levels of CSF neurogranin (Ng) between APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers in 399 subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. We examined associations between Ng levels and age, education, gender, CSF-Aβ42, and tau protein. RESULTS Neurogranin levels were significantly higher in APOE ε4 carriers compared to APOE ε4 noncarriers with MCI. Levels of Ng between the APOE ε4 carriers and APOE ε4 noncarriers with AD did not differ. Ng levels were correlated with MMSE and levels of tau and Aβ42. DISCUSSION Significantly higher CSF Ng levels in APOE ε4 carriers with MCI may reflect synaptic injury underlying early cognitive impairment. Neurogranin may be an early biomarker of AD and important for disease diagnosis and timing of intervention in APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bonnie Levin
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University Gothenburg, Molndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University Gothenburg, Molndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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