1
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Hori RT, Moshahid Khan M, Xiao J, Hargrove PW, Moss T, LeDoux MS. Behavioral and molecular effects of Ubtf knockout and knockdown in mice. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148053. [PMID: 35973608 PMCID: PMC10908547 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The UBTF E210K neuroregression syndrome is caused by de novo dominant mutations in UBTF (NM_014233.3:c.628G > A, p.Glu210Lys). In humans, onset is typically at 2.5 to 3 years and characterized by slow progression of global motor, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. Other potentially pathogenic UBTF variants have been reported in humans with severe neurological disease and it remains undetermined if the UBTF E210K mutation operates via gain- and/or loss-of-function. Here we examine the behavioral, cognitive, motor, and molecular effects of Ubtf knockout and knockdown in mice as a means of gauging the role of loss-of-function in humans. Ubtf+/- mice show progression of behavioral (dominance tube), cognitive (cross maze), and mild motor abnormalities from 3 to 18 months. At 18 months, Ubtf+/- mice had more slips on a raised 9-mm round beam task, shorter latencies to fall on the accelerated rotarod, reduced open field vertical and jump counts, and significant deficits in spatial learning and memory. Via crosses to Nestin-Cre (NesCre) mice we found that homozygous Ubtf deletion limited to the central nervous system was embryonic lethal. Tamoxifen-induced homozygous knockdown of Ubtf in adult mice with the Cre-ERT2 system was associated with precipitous deterioration in neurological functioning. At the molecular level, 18-month-old Ubtf+/- mice showed mild increases in cerebellar 53BP1 immunoreactivity. These findings show that UBTF is essential for embryogenesis and survival in adults, and the deleterious effects of UBTF haploinsufficiency progress with age. Loss-of-function mechanisms may contribute, in part, to the human UBTF E210K neuroregression syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick T Hori
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Phillip W Hargrove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Tom Moss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; Veracity Neuroscience, Memphis, TN, 38157, USA.
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2
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Thadathil N, Hori R, Xiao J, Khan MM. DNA double-strand breaks: a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. Chromosome Res 2019; 27:345-364. [PMID: 31707536 PMCID: PMC7934912 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-019-09617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of neurodegeneration restricts the ability to understand and treat the neurological disorders affecting millions of people worldwide. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop new and more effective therapeutic strategies to combat these devastating conditions and that will only be achieved with a better understanding of the biological mechanism associated with disease conditions. Recent studies highlight the role of DNA damage, particularly, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), in the progression of neuronal loss in a broad spectrum of human neurodegenerative diseases. This is not unexpected because neurons are prone to DNA damage due to their non-proliferative nature and high metabolic activity. However, it is not clear if DSBs is a primary driver of neuronal loss in disease conditions or simply occurs concomitant with disease progression. Here, we provide evidence that supports a critical role of DSBs in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative diseases. Among different kinds of DNA damages, DSBs are the most harmful and perilous type of DNA damage and can lead to cell death if left unrepaired or repaired with error. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge regarding the role of DSBs repair mechanisms in preserving neuronal function and survival and describe how DSBs could drive the molecular mechanisms resulting in neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also discuss the potential implications of DSBs as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker in patients with neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidheesh Thadathil
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Roderick Hori
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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3
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Abbas W, Masip Rodo D. Computer Methods for Automatic Locomotion and Gesture Tracking in Mice and Small Animals for Neuroscience Applications: A Survey. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3274. [PMID: 31349617 PMCID: PMC6696321 DOI: 10.3390/s19153274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscience has traditionally relied on manually observing laboratory animals in controlled environments. Researchers usually record animals behaving freely or in a restrained manner and then annotate the data manually. The manual annotation is not desirable for three reasons; (i) it is time-consuming, (ii) it is prone to human errors, and (iii) no two human annotators will 100% agree on annotation, therefore, it is not reproducible. Consequently, automated annotation for such data has gained traction because it is efficient and replicable. Usually, the automatic annotation of neuroscience data relies on computer vision and machine learning techniques. In this article, we have covered most of the approaches taken by researchers for locomotion and gesture tracking of specific laboratory animals, i.e. rodents. We have divided these papers into categories based upon the hardware they use and the software approach they take. We have also summarized their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Abbas
- Multimedia and Telecommunications Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Masip Rodo
- Multimedia and Telecommunications Department, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Frederick NM, Shah PV, Didonna A, Langley MR, Kanthasamy AG, Opal P. Loss of the dystonia gene Thap1 leads to transcriptional deficits that converge on common pathogenic pathways in dystonic syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1343-1356. [PMID: 30590536 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary and repetitive co-contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles. Dystonia 6 (DYT6) is an autosomal dominant dystonia caused by loss-of-function mutations in the zinc finger transcription factor THAP1. We have generated Thap1 knock-out mice with a view to understanding its transcriptional role. While germ-line deletion of Thap1 is embryonic lethal, mice lacking one Thap1 allele-which in principle should recapitulate the haploinsufficiency of the human syndrome-do not show a discernable phenotype. This is because mice show autoregulation of Thap1 mRNA levels with upregulation at the non-affected locus. We then deleted Thap1 in glial and neuronal precursors using a nestin-conditional approach. Although these mice do not exhibit dystonia, they show pronounced locomotor deficits reflecting derangements in the cerebellar and basal ganglia circuitry. These behavioral features are associated with alterations in the expression of genes involved in nervous system development, synaptic transmission, cytoskeleton, gliosis and dopamine signaling that link DYT6 to other primary and secondary dystonic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Didonna
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica R Langley
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Khan MM, Xiao J, Hollingsworth TJ, Patel D, Selley DE, Ring TL, LeDoux MS. Gnal haploinsufficiency causes genomic instability and increased sensitivity to haloperidol. Exp Neurol 2019; 318:61-70. [PMID: 31034808 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GNAL encodes guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit Gα(olf) which plays a key role in striatal medium spiny neuron (MSN)-dopamine signaling. GNAL loss-of-function mutations are causally-associated with isolated dystonia, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures. Dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) blockers such as haloperidol are mainstays in the treatment of psychosis but may contribute to the development of secondary acute and tardive dystonia. Administration of haloperidol promotes cAMP-dependent signaling in D2R-expressing indirect pathway MSNs. At present, little is known about the cellular relationships among isolated, acute, and tardive dystonia. Herein, we report the effects of acute D2R blockade on motor behavior, DNA repair, cAMP-mediated histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser10), and cell death in Gnal+/- mice and their isogenic Gnal+/+ littermates. In comparison to Gnal+/+ littermates, Gnal+/- mice exhibited increased catalepsy responses, persistent DNA breaks, decreased cAMP-dependent histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser10), and increased cell death in response to haloperidol. In striatum, aged Gnal+/- mice exhibited increased global DNA methylation, increased euchromatin, and dendritic structural abnormalities. Our results provide evidence that Gα(olf) deficiency intensifies the effects of D2R antagonism and suggests that loss-of-function variants in GNAL may increase risk for movement disorders associated with D2R blockers. We hypothesize that the effects of Gα(olf) dysfunction and/or long-term D2R antagonism may lead to epigenetic silencing, transcriptional dysregulation, and, ultimately, cellular senescence and/or apoptosis in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - T J Hollingsworth
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Damini Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Trevor L Ring
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
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6
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Khan MM, Xiao J, Patel D, LeDoux MS. DNA damage and neurodegenerative phenotypes in aged Ciz1 null mice. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 62:180-190. [PMID: 29154038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cycle dysfunction and faulty DNA repair are closely intertwined pathobiological processes that may contribute to several neurodegenerative disorders. CDKN1A interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) plays a critical role in DNA replication and cell-cycle progression at the G1/S checkpoint. Germline or somatic variants in CIZ1 have been linked to several neural and extra-neural diseases. Recently, we showed that germline knockout of Ciz1 is associated with motor and hematological abnormalities in young adult mice. However, the effects of CIZ1 deficiency in much older mice may be more relevant to understanding age-related declines in cognitive and motor functioning and age-related neurologic disorders such as isolated dystonia and Alzheimer disease. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from Ciz1-/- mice showed abnormal sensitivity to the effects of γ-irradiation with persistent DNA breaks, aberrant cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis. Aged (18-month-old) Ciz1-/- mice exhibited marked deficits in motor and cognitive functioning, and, in brain tissues, overt DNA damage, NF-κB upregulation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and cell death. These findings indicate that the deleterious effects of CIZ1 deficiency become more pronounced with aging and suggest that defects of cell-cycle control and associated DNA repair pathways in postmitotic neurons could contribute to global neurologic decline in elderly human populations. Accordingly, the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint and associated DNA repair pathways may be targets for the prevention and treatment of age-related neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Damini Patel
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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7
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Xiao J, Khan MM, Vemula S, Tian J, LeDoux MS. Consequences of Cre-mediated deletion of Ciz1 exon 5 in mice. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3101-3110. [PMID: 30098009 PMCID: PMC6275157 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CIZ1 plays a role in DNA synthesis at the G1/S checkpoint. Ciz1 gene-trap null mice manifest motor dysfunction, cell-cycle abnormalities, and DNA damage. In contrast, it has previously been reported that mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from presumed Ciz1 knock-out mice (Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy ) generated by crossing Cre-expressing mice with exon 5-floxed mice (Ciz1tm1Homy/tm1Homy ) do not exhibit evidence of enhanced DNA damage following γ-irradiation or cell-cycle defects. Here, we report that Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy mice show loss of Ciz1 exon 5 but are neurologically normal and express abnormal transcripts (Ciz1ΔE5/ΔE5 mice) that are translated into one or more proteins of approximate wild-type size. Therefore, Ciz1tm1.1Homy/tm1.1Homy mice (Ciz1ΔE5/ΔE5 ) lose residues encoded by exon 5 but may gain function from novel amino acid sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Satya Vemula
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School
of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Mark S. LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology, and Anatomy and Neurobiology,
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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8
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Toro C, Hori RT, Malicdan MCV, Tifft CJ, Goldstein A, Gahl WA, Adams DR, Fauni HB, Wolfe LA, Xiao J, Khan MM, Tian J, Hope KA, Reiter LT, Tremblay MG, Moss T, Franks AL, Balak C, LeDoux MS. A recurrent de novo missense mutation in UBTF causes developmental neuroregression. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:691-705. [PMID: 29300972 PMCID: PMC5886272 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UBTF (upstream binding transcription factor) exists as two isoforms; UBTF1 regulates rRNA transcription by RNA polymerase 1, whereas UBTF2 regulates mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase 2. Herein, we describe 4 patients with very similar patterns of neuroregression due to recurrent de novo mutations in UBTF (GRCh37/hg19, NC_000017.10: g.42290219C > T, NM_014233.3: c.628G > A) resulting in the same amino acid change in both UBTF1 and UBTF2 (p.Glu210Lys [p.E210K]). Disease onset in our cohort was at 2.5 to 3 years and characterized by slow progression of global motor, cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. Notable early features included hypotonia with a floppy gait, high-pitched dysarthria and hyperactivity. Later features included aphasia, dystonia, and spasticity. Speech and ambulatory ability were lost by the early teens. Magnetic resonance imaging showed progressive generalized cerebral atrophy (supratentorial > infratentorial) with involvement of both gray and white matter. Patient fibroblasts showed normal levels of UBTF transcripts, increased expression of pre-rRNA and 18S rRNA, nucleolar abnormalities, markedly increased numbers of DNA breaks, defective cell-cycle progression, and apoptosis. Expression of mutant human UBTF1 in Drosophila neurons was lethal. Although no loss-of-function variants are reported in the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database and Ubtf-/- is early embryonic lethal in mice, Ubtf+/- mice displayed only mild motor and behavioral dysfunction in adulthood. Our data underscore the importance of including UBTF E210K in the differential diagnosis of neuroregression and suggest that mainly gain-of-function mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of the UBTF E210K neuroregression syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roderick T Hori
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Adams
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harper B Fauni
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad M Khan
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Tian
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kevin A Hope
- Integrated Program in Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lawrence T Reiter
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michel G Tremblay
- Laboratory of Growth and Development, St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Cancer Division of the Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Tom Moss
- Laboratory of Growth and Development, St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Cancer Division of the Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis L Franks
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chris Balak
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders (C4RCD), Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - C4RCD Research Group
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders (C4RCD), Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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9
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Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is widely used as broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. However, it may threaten the health of human offspring if the mother is exposed to TCS during pregnancy. The present study aimed to identify potential mechanisms behind the toxic effect of TCS on the offspring of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), using this nematode as a suitable animal model. The results of the current study demonstrated that the locomotory behavior and reproductive capacity of C. elegans offspring was severely affected by prenatal exposure to different concentrations of TCS. A high-throughput gene microarray was performed to investigate molecular alterations in C. elegans offspring following TCS exposure during pregnancy. Microarray results indicated that 113 genes were differentially expressed following TCS treatment compared with the control group. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that these dysregulated genes were primarily associated with neuron development, muscular strength and reproduction. Pathway analysis results demonstrated that differentially expressed genes participated in several signaling pathways, including arginine, proline, and purine metabolism, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Finally, 7 TCS toxicity-associated genes were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The present study indicates that TCS exposure during pregnancy may disturb the locomotory behavior and reproductive capacity of C. elegans offspring, primarily through 7 TCS toxicity-associated genes, which merits further study from an environmental health perspective.
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10
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Ridings-Figueroa R, Stewart ER, Nesterova TB, Coker H, Pintacuda G, Godwin J, Wilson R, Haslam A, Lilley F, Ruigrok R, Bageghni SA, Albadrani G, Mansfield W, Roulson JA, Brockdorff N, Ainscough JFX, Coverley D. The nuclear matrix protein CIZ1 facilitates localization of Xist RNA to the inactive X-chromosome territory. Genes Dev 2017; 31:876-888. [PMID: 28546514 PMCID: PMC5458755 DOI: 10.1101/gad.295907.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, Ridings-Figueroa et al. show that the nuclear matrix protein Cip1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) is highly enriched on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in mouse and human female cells and is retained by interaction with the RNA-dependent nuclear matrix. Their findings suggest that CIZ1 has an essential role in anchoring Xist to the nuclear matrix in specific somatic lineages. The nuclear matrix protein Cip1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (CIZ1) promotes DNA replication in association with cyclins and has been linked to adult and pediatric cancers. Here we show that CIZ1 is highly enriched on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in mouse and human female cells and is retained by interaction with the RNA-dependent nuclear matrix. CIZ1 is recruited to Xi in response to expression of X inactive-specific transcript (Xist) RNA during the earliest stages of X inactivation in embryonic stem cells and is dependent on the C-terminal nuclear matrix anchor domain of CIZ1 and the E repeats of Xist. CIZ1-null mice, although viable, display fully penetrant female-specific lymphoproliferative disorder. Interestingly, in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells derived from CIZ1-null embryos, Xist RNA localization is disrupted, being highly dispersed through the nucleoplasm rather than focal. Focal localization is reinstated following re-expression of CIZ1. Focal localization of Xist RNA is also disrupted in activated B and T cells isolated from CIZ1-null animals, suggesting a possible explanation for female-specific lymphoproliferative disorder. Together, these findings suggest that CIZ1 has an essential role in anchoring Xist to the nuclear matrix in specific somatic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma R Stewart
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Tatyana B Nesterova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Coker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Greta Pintacuda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Godwin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Aidan Haslam
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Lilley
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Renate Ruigrok
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sumia A Bageghni
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ghadeer Albadrani
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.,Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - William Mansfield
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, United Kingdom
| | - Jo-An Roulson
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine (LIMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Brockdorff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Justin F X Ainscough
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Coverley
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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11
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Xiao J, Vemula SR, Xue Y, Khan MM, Carlisle FA, Waite AJ, Blake DJ, Dragatsis I, Zhao Y, LeDoux MS. Role of major and brain-specific Sgce isoforms in the pathogenesis of myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 98:52-65. [PMID: 27890709 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in SGCE, which encodes ε-sarcoglycan (ε-SG), cause myoclonus-dystonia syndrome (OMIM159900, DYT11). A "major" ε-SG protein derived from CCDS5637.1 (NM_003919.2) and a "brain-specific" protein, that includes sequence derived from alternative exon 11b (CCDS47642.1, NM_001099400.1), are reportedly localized in post- and pre-synaptic membrane fractions, respectively. Moreover, deficiency of the "brain-specific" isoform and other isoforms derived from exon 11b may be central to the pathogenesis of DYT11. However, no animal model supports this hypothesis. Gene-trapped ES cells (CMHD-GT_148G1-3, intron 9 of NM_011360) were used to generate a novel Sgce mouse model (C57BL/6J background) with markedly reduced expression of isoforms derived from exons 3' to exon 9 of NM_011360. Among those brain regions analyzed in adult (2month-old) wild-type (WT) mice, cerebellum showed the highest relative expression of isoforms incorporating exon 11b. Homozygotes (SgceGt(148G1)Cmhd/Gt(148G1)Cmhd or SgceGt/Gt) and paternal heterozygotes (Sgcem+/pGt, m-maternal, p-paternal) showed 60 to 70% reductions in expression of total Sgce. Although expression of the major (NM_011360) and brain-specific (NM_001130189) isoforms was markedly reduced, expression of short isoforms was preserved and relatively small amounts of chimeric ε-SG/β-galactosidase fusion protein was produced by the Sgce gene-trap locus. Immunoaffinity purification followed by mass spectrometry assessments of Sgcem+/pGt mouse brain using pan- or brain-specific ε-SG antibodies revealed significant reductions of ε-SG and other interacting sarcoglycans. Genome-wide gene-expression data using RNA derived from adult Sgcem+/pGt mouse cerebellum showed that the top up-regulated genes were involved in cell cycle, cellular development, cell death and survival, while the top down-regulated genes were associated with protein synthesis, cellular development, and cell death and survival. In comparison to WT littermates, Sgcem+/pGt mice exhibited "tiptoe" gait and stimulus-induced appendicular posturing between Postnatal Days 14 to 16. Abnormalities noted in older Sgcem+/pGt mice included reduced body weight, altered gait dynamics, and reduced open-field activity. Overt spontaneous or stimulus-sensitive myoclonus was not apparent on the C57BL/6J background or mixed C57BL/6J-BALB/c and C57BL/6J-129S2 backgrounds. Our data confirm that mouse Sgce is a maternally imprinted gene and suggests that short Sgce isoforms may compensate, in part, for deficiency of major and brain-specific Sgce isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Satya R Vemula
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yi Xue
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad M Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Francesca A Carlisle
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Great Britain, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Waite
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Great Britain, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J Blake
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Great Britain, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Dragatsis
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mark S LeDoux
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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