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Leal AF, Suarez DA, Echeverri-Peña OY, Albarracín SL, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Espejo-Mojica ÁJ. Sphingolipids and their role in health and disease in the central nervous system. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 85:100900. [PMID: 35870382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are lipids derived from sphingosine, and their metabolism involves a broad and complex network of reactions. Although SLs are widely distributed in the body, it is well known that they are present in high concentrations within the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, their abundance and distribution in the CNS depend on brain development and cell type. Consequently, SLs metabolism impairment may have a significant impact on the normal CNS function, and has been associated with several disorders, including sphingolipidoses, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. This review summarizes the main SLs characteristics and current knowledge about synthesis, catabolism, regulatory pathways, and their role in physiological and pathological scenarios in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Diego A Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Sonia Luz Albarracín
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
| | - Ángela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
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The GM2 gangliosidoses: Unlocking the mysteries of pathogenesis and treatment. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136195. [PMID: 34450229 PMCID: PMC8572160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abed Rabbo M, Khodour Y, Kaguni LS, Stiban J. Sphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases: from bench to bedside. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33941173 PMCID: PMC8094529 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Rabbo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine.
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Effect of Yuzu ( Citrus junos) Seed Limonoids and Spermine on Intestinal Microbiota and Hypothalamic Tissue in the Sandhoff Disease Mouse Model. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:medsci9010017. [PMID: 33799734 PMCID: PMC8005996 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of limonoids and spermine (Spm) extracted from yuzu (Citrus junos) seeds on the gut and the brain in a mouse model with Sandhoff disease (SD) was investigated. Wild-type and SD mice were fed a normal diet, or a diet supplemented with limonoid, Spm, or limonoid + Spm for 14-18 weeks, and then 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with extracted DNA from their feces was executed. For SD control mice, intestinal microbiota was mostly composed of Lactobacillus and linked to dysbiosis. For SD and wild-type mice fed with limonoids + Spm or limonoids alone, intestinal microbiota was rich in mucin-degrading bacteria, including Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Firmicutes, and displayed a higher production of short-chain fatty acids and immunoglobulin A. Additionally, SD mice fed with limonoids + Spm or limonoids alone had less inflammation in hypothalamic tissues and displayed a greater number of neurons. Administration of limonoids and/or Spm improved the proportions of beneficial intestinal microbiota to host health and reduced neuronal degeneration in SD mice. Yuzu seed limonoids and Spermine may help to maintain the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota and hypothalamic tissue in the SD mouse model.
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Kuk MU, Lee YH, Kim JW, Hwang SY, Park JT, Park SC. Potential Treatment of Lysosomal Storage Disease through Modulation of the Mitochondrial-Lysosomal Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020420. [PMID: 33671306 PMCID: PMC7921977 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disease (LSD) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by enzyme deficiency in lysosomes. Some treatments for LSD can slow progression, but there are no effective treatments to restore the pathological phenotype to normal levels. Lysosomes and mitochondria interact with each other, and this crosstalk plays a role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Deficiency of lysosome enzymes in LSD impairs the turnover of mitochondrial defects, leading to deterioration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). Cells with MRC impairment are associated with reduced lysosomal calcium homeostasis, resulting in impaired autophagic and endolysosomal function. This malicious feedback loop between lysosomes and mitochondria exacerbates LSD. In this review, we assess the interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes and propose the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis as a research target to treat LSD. The importance of the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis has been systematically characterized in several studies, suggesting that proper regulation of this axis represents an important investigative guide for the development of therapeutics for LSD. Therefore, studying the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis will not only add knowledge of the essential physiological processes of LSD, but also provide new strategies for treatment of LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Su Young Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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Brekk OR, Korecka JA, Crapart CC, Huebecker M, MacBain ZK, Rosenthal SA, Sena-Esteves M, Priestman DA, Platt FM, Isacson O, Hallett PJ. Upregulating β-hexosaminidase activity in rodents prevents α-synuclein lipid associations and protects dopaminergic neurons from α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:127. [PMID: 32762772 PMCID: PMC7409708 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a lysosomal storage disease, caused by loss of β-hexosaminidase (HEX) activity resulting in the accumulation of ganglioside GM2. There are shared features between SD and Parkinson's disease (PD). α-synuclein (aSYN) inclusions, the diagnostic hallmark sign of PD, are frequently found in the brain in SD patients and HEX knockout mice, and HEX activity is reduced in the substantia nigra in PD. In this study, we biochemically demonstrate that HEX deficiency in mice causes formation of high-molecular weight (HMW) aSYN and ubiquitin in the brain. As expected from HEX enzymatic function requirements, overexpression in vivo of HEXA and B combined, but not either of the subunits expressed alone, increased HEX activity as evidenced by histochemical assays. Biochemically, such HEX gene expression resulted in increased conversion of GM2 to its breakdown product GM3. In a neurodegenerative model of overexpression of aSYN in rats, increasing HEX activity by AAV6 gene transfer in the substantia nigra reduced aSYN embedding in lipid compartments and rescued dopaminergic neurons from degeneration. Overall, these data are consistent with a paradigm shift where lipid abnormalities are central to or preceding protein changes typically associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oeystein R Brekk
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Joanna A Korecka
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Current address: Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecile C Crapart
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Mylene Huebecker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Current address: Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zachary K MacBain
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Sara Ann Rosenthal
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Sena-Esteves
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Penelope J Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital / Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
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Heon-Roberts R, Nguyen ALA, Pshezhetsky AV. Molecular Bases of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline, the Major Burden of Sanfilippo Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020344. [PMID: 32012694 PMCID: PMC7074161 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of diseases caused by the lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, due to genetic deficiencies of enzymes involved in their degradation. MPS III or Sanfilippo disease, in particular, is characterized by early-onset severe, progressive neurodegeneration but mild somatic involvement, with patients losing milestones and previously acquired skills as the disease progresses. Despite being the focus of extensive research over the past years, the links between accumulation of the primary molecule, the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, and the neurodegeneration seen in patients have yet to be fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular bases of neurological decline in Sanfilippo disease. It emerges that this deterioration results from the dysregulation of multiple cellular pathways, leading to neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, impaired autophagy and defects in cellular signaling. However, many important questions about the neuropathological mechanisms of the disease remain unanswered, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Heon-Roberts
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (R.H.-R.); (A.L.A.N.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Annie L. A. Nguyen
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (R.H.-R.); (A.L.A.N.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Division of Medical Genetics, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (R.H.-R.); (A.L.A.N.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4931 (ext. 2736)
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Gigliobianco MR, Di Martino P, Deng S, Casadidio C, Censi R. New Advanced Strategies for the Treatment of Lysosomal Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1933-1950. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708213159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs), also known as lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a group of serious genetic diseases characterized by not only the accumulation of non-catabolized compounds in the lysosomes due to the deficiency of specific enzymes which usually eliminate these compounds, but also by trafficking, calcium changes and acidification. LDs mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS), which is difficult to reach for drugs and biological molecules due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While some therapies have proven highly effective in treating peripheral disorders in LD patients, they fail to overcome the BBB. Researchers have developed many strategies to circumvent this problem, for example, by creating carriers for enzyme delivery, which improve the enzyme’s half-life and the overexpression of receptors and transporters in the luminal or abluminal membranes of the BBB. This review aims to successfully examine the strategies developed during the last decade for the treatment of LDs, which mainly affect the CNS. Among the LD treatments, enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) and gene therapy have proven effective, while nanoparticle, fusion protein, and small molecule-based therapies seem to offer considerable promise to treat the CNS pathology. This work also analyzed the challenges of the study to design new drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of LDs. Polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes are explored from their technological point of view and for the most relevant preclinical studies showing that they are excellent choices to protect active molecules and transport them through the BBB to target specific brain substrates for the treatment of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Gigliobianco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Piera Di Martino
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Siyuan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Cristina Casadidio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
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The Link between Gaucher Disease and Parkinson's Disease Sheds Light on Old and Novel Disorders of Sphingolipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133304. [PMID: 31284408 PMCID: PMC6651136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism starts with the biosynthesis of ceramide, a bioactive lipid and the backbone for the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids. These are degraded back to ceramide and then to sphingosine, which enters the ceramide–sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway or is further degraded. Several enzymes with multiple catalytic properties and subcellular localizations are thus involved in such metabolism. Hereditary defects of lysosomal hydrolases have been known for several years to be the cause of lysosomal storage diseases such as gangliosidoses, Gaucher disease, Niemann–Pick disease, Krabbe disease, Fabry disease, and Farber disease. More recently, many other inborn errors of sphingolipid metabolism have been recognized, involving enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids. Concurrently, epidemiologic and biochemical evidence has established a link between Gaucher disease and Parkinson’s disease, showing that glucocerebrosidase variants predispose individuals to α-synuclein accumulation and neurodegeneration even in the heterozygous status. This appears to be due not only to lysosomal overload of non-degraded glucosylceramide, but to the derangement of vesicle traffic and autophagy, including mitochondrial autophagy, triggered by both sphingolipid intermediates and misfolded proteins. In this review, old and novel disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, in particular those of ganglioside biosynthesis, are evaluated in light of recent investigations of the link between Gaucher disease and Parkinson’s disease, with the aim of better understanding their pathogenic mechanisms and addressing new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Soe K, Beard H, Neumann D, Trim PJ, Duplock S, Snel MF, Hopwood JJ, Hemsley KM. Early disease course is unaltered in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice lacking α-synuclein. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:715-731. [PMID: 30907009 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA; MPS IIIA) is an inherited paediatric-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lysosomal deficiency of sulphamidase with subsequent accumulation of heparan sulphate. The pathological mechanisms responsible for clinical disease are unknown; however, intraneuronal accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins such as α-synuclein, phosphorylated tau and amyloid precursor protein suggests inefficient intracellular trafficking and lysosomal degradation. AIM To investigate the contribution the accumulating α-synuclein plays in early symptom emergence that is, impaired cognition, reduced anxiety and motor deficits, first detectable between 3-5 months of age. METHODS We have crossed congenic MPS IIIA mice with α-synuclein-deficient (Sncatm1Rosl /J) mice and evaluated phenotype and brain disease lesions. RESULTS In a battery of behavioural tests performed on mice aged 12-22 weeks, we were unable to differentiate α-synuclein-deficient MPS IIIA mice from those with one or both copies of the α-synuclein gene; all three affected genotypes were significantly impaired in test performance when compared to wild-type littermates. Histological studies revealed that the rate, location and nature of deposition of other proteinaceous lesions, the disruption to endolysosomal protein expression and the inflammatory response seen in the brain of α-synuclein-deficient MPS IIIA mice reflected that seen in MPS IIIA mice homo- or heterozygous for α-synuclein. CONCLUSION Deletion and/or deficiency of α-synuclein does not influence clinical and neuropathological disease progression in murine MPS IIIA, demonstrating that in and of itself, this protein does not initiate the cognitive and motor symptoms that occur in the first 5 months of life in MPS IIIA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Soe
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - H Beard
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - D Neumann
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - P J Trim
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S Duplock
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M F Snel
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J J Hopwood
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - K M Hemsley
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology (HCN), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Audano M, Schneider A, Mitro N. Mitochondria, lysosomes, and dysfunction: their meaning in neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2018; 147:291-309. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Audano
- DiSFeB; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; DZNE; Bonn Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry; University Clinic; Bonn Germany
| | - Nico Mitro
- DiSFeB; Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
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Abstract
One of the fundamental properties of the cell is the capability to digest and remodel its own components according to metabolic and developmental needs. This is accomplished via the autophagy-lysosome system, a pathway of critical importance in the brain, where it contributes to neuronal plasticity and must protect nonreplaceable neurons from the potentially harmful accumulation of cellular waste. The study of lysosomal biogenesis and function in the context of common and rare neurodegenerative diseases has revealed that a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosome system is the shared nexus where multiple, interconnected pathogenic events take place. The characterization of pathways and mechanisms regulating the lysosomal system and autophagic clearance offers unprecedented opportunities for the development of polyvalent therapeutic strategies based on the enhancement of the autophagy-lysosome pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis and achieve neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Alberto di Ronza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Parisa Lotfi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
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13
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Cachón-González MB, Zaccariotto E, Cox TM. Genetics and Therapies for GM2 Gangliosidosis. Curr Gene Ther 2018; 18:68-89. [PMID: 29618308 PMCID: PMC6040173 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666180404162622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease, caused by impaired β-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity, was the first GM2 gangliosidosis to be studied and one of the most severe and earliest lysosomal diseases to be described. The condition, associated with the pathological build-up of GM2 ganglioside, has acquired almost iconic status and serves as a paradigm in the study of lysosomal storage diseases. Inherited as a classical autosomal recessive disorder, this global disease of the nervous system induces developmental arrest with regression of attained milestones; neurodegeneration progresses rapidly to cause premature death in young children. There is no effective treatment beyond palliative care, and while the genetic basis of GM2 gangliosidosis is well established, the molecular and cellular events, from diseasecausing mutations and glycosphingolipid storage to disease manifestations, remain to be fully delineated. Several therapeutic approaches have been attempted in patients, including enzymatic augmentation, bone marrow transplantation, enzyme enhancement, and substrate reduction therapy. Hitherto, none of these stratagems has materially altered the course of the disease. Authentic animal models of GM2 gangliodidosis have facilitated in-depth evaluation of innovative applications such as gene transfer, which in contrast to other interventions, shows great promise. This review outlines current knowledge pertaining the pathobiology as well as potential innovative treatments for the GM2 gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Zaccariotto
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration in Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:116-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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