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Sui AR, Piao H, Xiong ST, Zhang P, Guo SY, Kong Y, Gao CQ, Wang ZX, Yang J, Ge BY, Supratik K, Yang JY, Li S. Scorpion venom heat-resistant synthesized peptide ameliorates epileptic seizures and imparts neuroprotection in rats mediated by NMDA receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176704. [PMID: 38830458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Finding new and effective natural products for designing antiepileptic drugs is highly important in the scientific community. The scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide (SVHRP) was purified from Buthus martensii Karsch scorpion venom, and subsequent analysis of the amino acid sequence facilitated the synthesis of a peptide known as scorpion venom heat-resistant synthesis peptide (SVHRSP) using a technique for peptide synthesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that the SVHRSP can inhibit neuroinflammation and provide neuroprotection. This study aimed to investigate the antiepileptic effect of SVHRSP on both acute and chronic kindling seizure models by inducing seizures in male rats through intraperitoneal administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Additionally, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neuronal injury model was used to observe the anti-excitotoxic effect of SVHRSP in vitro. Our findings showed that treatment with SVHRSP effectively alleviated seizure severity, prolonged latency, and attenuated neuronal loss and glial cell activation. It also demonstrated the prevention of alterations in the expression levels of NMDA receptor subunits and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein, as well as an improvement in spatial reference memory impairment during Morris water maze (MWM) testing in PTZ-kindled rats. In vitro experiments further revealed that SVHRSP was capable of attenuating neuronal action potential firing, inhibiting NMDA receptor currents and intracellular calcium overload, and reducing neuronal injury. These results suggest that the antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects of SVHRSP may be mediated through the regulation of NMDA receptor function and expression. This study provides new insight into therapeutic strategies for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Ran Sui
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hua Piao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Si-Ting Xiong
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Song-Yu Guo
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Qian Gao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Child Health, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264008, China
| | - Bi-Ying Ge
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Kundu Supratik
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jin-Yi Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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2
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Bu J, Ren N, Wang Y, Wei R, Zhang R, Zhu H. Identification of abnormal closed-loop pathways in patients with MRI-negative pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00880-z. [PMID: 38592332 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disorder of brain networks, that is usually combined with cognitive and emotional impairment. However, most of the current research on closed-loop pathways in epilepsy is limited to the neuronal level or has focused only on known closed-loop pathways, and studies on abnormalities in closed-loop pathways in epilepsy at the whole-brain network level are lacking. A total of 26 patients with magnetic resonance imaging-negative pharmacoresistant epilepsy (MRIneg-PRE) and 26 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Causal brain networks and temporal-lag brain networks were constructed from resting-state functional MRI data, and the Johnson algorithm was used to identify stable closed-loop pathways. Abnormal closed-loop pathways in the MRIneg-PRE cohort compared with the HC group were identified, and the associations of these pathways with indicators of cognitive and emotional impairments were examined via Pearson correlation analysis. The results revealed that the abnormal stable closed-loop pathways were distributed across the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes and included altered functional connectivity values both within and between cerebral hemispheres. Four abnormal closed-loop pathways in the occipital lobe were associated with emotional and cognitive impairments. These abnormal pathways may serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and guidance of individualized treatments for MRIneg-PRE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Bu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Nanxiao Ren
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Division of Child Care, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215002, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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3
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050784. [PMID: 37239256 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder involving spontaneous and recurring seizures that affects 50 million individuals globally. Because approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to drug therapy, the development of new therapeutic strategies against epilepsy could be beneficial. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently observed in epilepsy. Additionally, neuroinflammation is increasingly understood to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also recognized for its contributions to neuronal excitability and apoptosis, which can lead to neuronal loss in epilepsy. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, NAPDH oxidase, the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation in the development of epilepsy. We also review the therapies used to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures, including anti-seizure medications, anti-epileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and antioxidant therapies. In addition, we review the use of neuromodulation and surgery in the treatment of epilepsy. Finally, we present the role of dietary and nutritional strategies in the management of epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet and the intake of vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. By reviewing available interventions and research on the pathophysiology of epilepsy, this review points to areas of further development for therapies that can manage epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithi Madireddy
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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4
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Kilias A, Tulke S, Barheier N, Ruther P, Häussler U. Integration of the CA2 region in the hippocampal network during epileptogenesis. Hippocampus 2023; 33:223-240. [PMID: 36421040 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The CA2 pyramidal cells are mostly resistant to cell death in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis, but they are aberrantly integrated into the epileptic hippocampal network via mossy fiber sprouting. Furthermore, they show increased excitability in vitro in hippocampal slices obtained from human MTLE specimens or animal epilepsy models. Although these changes promote CA2 to contribute to epileptic activity (EA) in vivo, the role of CA2 in the epileptic network within and beyond the sclerotic hippocampus is still unclear. We used the intrahippocampal kainate mouse model for MTLE, which recapitulates most features of the human disease including pharmacoresistant epileptic seizures and hippocampal sclerosis, with preservation of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells and CA2 pyramidal cells. In vivo recordings with electrodes in CA2 and the DG showed that EA occurs at high coincidence between the ipsilateral DG and CA2 and current source density analysis of silicon probe recordings in dorsal ipsilateral CA2 revealed CA2 as a local source of EA. Cell-specific viral tracing in Amigo2-icreERT2 mice confirmed the preservation of the axonal projection from ipsilateral CA2 pyramidal cells to contralateral CA2 under epileptic conditions and indeed, EA propagated from ipsi- to contralateral CA2 with increasing likelihood with time after KA injection, but always at lower intensity than within the ipsilateral hippocampus. Furthermore, we show that CA2 presents with local theta oscillations and like the DG, shows a pathological reduction of theta frequency already from 2 days after KA onward. The early changes in activity might be facilitated by the loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (Gad67) mRNA-expressing interneurons directly after the initial status epilepticus in ipsi- but not contralateral CA2. Together, our data highlight CA2 as an active player in the epileptic network and with its contralateral connections as one possible router of aberrant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kilias
- Institute for Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Tulke
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Barheier
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Ruther
- Microsystem Materials Laboratory, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Häussler
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Center BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of epilepsy: A updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Epilepsy Res 2023; 189:107075. [PMID: 36603453 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of epilepsy. METHODS A comprehensive search of the database in both Chinese and English was performed. Data from the selected studies were extracted and analyzed independently by two authors. RESULTS 30 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 2471 patients. Among them, 4 trials (n = 235) focused on TCM monotherapy, while the other 26 trials (n = 2236) assessed the benefit of TCM as an add-on therapy to antiseizure medications (ASMs). For the efficacy, the meta-analysis found (1) The effective rate in TCM monotherapy group was higher than that in control group (OR = 4.92, 95 % CI: 2.29-10.57, Z = 4.08, P 0.0001); (2) The add-on of TCM also increased the effective rate (OR = 3.37, 95 % CI: 2.65-4.30, Z = 9.85, P 0.00001) and seizure freedom rate (OR = 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.53-2.44, Z = 5.58, P 0.00001). In terms of safety, the add-on of TCM reduced the rate of total adverse events (OR = 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.31-0.67, Z = 3.96, P 0.0001) as well as adverse events of the gastrointestinal and nervous system. 26 different TCM prescriptions were used in these included RCTs. Among them, the 5 most frequently used herbs were Acorus tatarinowii (19 out of 26), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (13 out of 26), Gastrodia elata (12 out of 26), Pinellia ternata (11 out of 26) and Poria cocos (11 out of 26). CONCLUSION This study suggested that TCM may be a relatively efficacious and safe clinical strategy for the treatment of epilepsy. Several limitations still exist, such as the risk of bias in the included studies, the diversified composition of TCM prescriptions, and the relatively low quality of study design.
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6
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Kubová H, Mikulecká A, Mareš P. The outcome of early life status epilepticus—lessons from laboratory animals. Epilepsia Open 2022; 8 Suppl 1:S90-S109. [PMID: 36352789 PMCID: PMC10173850 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is the most common neurologic emergency in children. Both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that SE in early life can cause brain damage and permanent behavioral abnormalities, trigger epileptogenesis, and interfere with normal brain development. In experimental rodent models, the consequences of seizures are dependent upon age, the model used, and seizure duration. In studies involving neonatal and infantile animals, the model used, experimental design, conditions during the experiment, and manipulation of animals can significantly affect the course of the experiments as well as the results obtained. Standardization of laboratory approaches, harmonization of scientific methodology, and improvement in data collection can improve the comparability of data among laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Kubová
- Developmental Epileptology Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Science Prague Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mikulecká
- Developmental Epileptology Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Science Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mareš
- Developmental Epileptology Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Science Prague Czech Republic
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7
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Vilà-Balló A, De la Cruz-Puebla M, López-Barroso D, Miró J, Sala-Padró J, Cucurell D, Falip M, Rodríguez-Fornells A. Reward-based decision-making in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis pre- and post-surgery. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103251. [PMID: 36510413 PMCID: PMC9668642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct functioning of the reward processing system is critical for optimizing decision-making as well as preventing the development of addictions and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, apathy, and anhedonia. Consequently, patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE-UHS) represent an excellent opportunity to study the brain networks involved in this system. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to evaluate decision-making and the electrophysiological correlates of feedback processing in a sample of mTLE-UHS patients, compared to healthy controls. In addition, we assessed the impact of mesial temporal lobe surgical resection on these processes, as well as general, neuropsychological functioning. METHOD 17 mTLE-UHS patients and 17 matched healthy controls completed: [1] a computerized version of the Game of Dice Task, [2] a Standard Iowa Gambling Task, and [3] a modified ERP version of a probabilistic gambling task coupled with multichannel electroencephalography. Neuropsychological scores were also obtained both pre- and post-surgery. RESULTS Behavioral analyses showed a pattern of increased risk for the mTLE-UHS group in decision-making under ambiguity compared to the control group. A decrease in the amplitude of the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN), a weaker effect of valence on delta power, and a general reduction of delta and theta power in the mTLE-UHS group, as compared to the control group, were also found. The beta-gamma activity associated with the delivery of positive reward was similar in both groups. Behavioral performance and electrophysiological measures did not worsen post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS Patients with mTLE-UHS showed impairments in decision-making under ambiguity, particularly when they had to make decisions based on the outcomes of their choices, but not in decision-making under risk. No group differences were observed in decision-making when feedbacks were random. These results might be explained by the abnormal feedback processing seen in the EEG activity of patients with mTLE-UHS, and by concomitant impairments in working memory, and memory. These impairments may be linked to the disruption of mesial temporal lobe networks. Finally, feedback processing and decision-making under ambiguity were already affected in mTLE-UHS patients pre-surgery and did not show evidence of clear worsening post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Vilà-Balló
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain,Corresponding authors.
| | - Myriam De la Cruz-Puebla
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Neurosciences Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Equity in Brain Health, Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Technical University of Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador,Dept. of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diana López-Barroso
- Cognitive Neurology and Aphasia Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain,Dept. of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Júlia Miró
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Epilepsy Unit, Neurological Service, Neurology and Genetics Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacint Sala-Padró
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Dept. of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Cucurell
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Falip
- Epilepsy Unit, Neurological Service, Neurology and Genetics Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang R, Xia L, Cai Y, Tong F, Gao Y, Ding J, Wang X. Conditional knockout of ASK1 in microglia/macrophages attenuates epileptic seizures and long-term neurobehavioural comorbidities by modulating the inflammatory responses of microglia/macrophages. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:202. [PMID: 35941644 PMCID: PMC9361603 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) not only causes neuronal programmed cell death via the mitochondrial pathway but also is an essential component of the signalling cascade during microglial activation. We hypothesize that ASK1 selective deletion modulates inflammatory responses in microglia/macrophages(Mi/Mϕ) and attenuates seizure severity and long-term cognitive impairments in an epileptic mouse model. Methods Mi/Mϕ-specific ASK1 conditional knockout (ASK1 cKO) mice were obtained for experiments by mating ASK1flox/flox mice with CX3CR1creER mice with tamoxifen induction. Epileptic seizures were induced by intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA). ASK1 expression and distribution were detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Seizures were monitored for 24 h per day with video recordings. Cognition, social and stress related activities were assessed with the Y maze test and the three-chamber social novelty preference test. The heterogeneous Mi/Mϕ status and inflammatory profiles were assessed with immunofluorescence staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the proportion of Mi/Mϕ in contact with apoptotic neurons, as well as neuronal damage. Results ASK1 was highly expressed in Mi/Mϕ during the acute phase of epilepsy. Conditional knockout of ASK1 in Mi/Mϕ markedly reduced the frequency of seizures in the acute phase and the frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs) in the chronic phase. In addition, ASK1 conditional knockout mice displayed long-term neurobehavioral improvements during the Y maze test and the three-chamber social novelty preference test. ASK1 selective knockout mitigated neuroinflammation, as evidenced by lower levels of Iba1+/CD16+ proinflammatory Mi/Mϕ. Conditional knockout of ASK1 increased Mi/Mϕ proportion in contact with apoptotic neurons. Neuronal loss was partially restored by ASK1 selective knockout. Conclusion Conditional knockout of ASK1 in Mi/Mϕ reduced seizure severity, neurobehavioral impairments, and histological damage, at least via inhibiting proinflammatory microglia/macrophages responses. ASK1 in microglia/macrophages is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory responses in epilepsy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02560-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhangyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiying Cai
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangchao Tong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- Department of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of the State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Liu KM, Huang Y, Wan PP, Lu YH, Zhou N, Li JJ, Yu CY, Chou JJ, Zhang L, Zhang C, Qiang YY, Zhang R, Guo L. Ursolic Acid Protects Neurons in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Cognitive Impairment by Repressing Inflammation and Oxidation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:877898. [PMID: 35677445 PMCID: PMC9169096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.877898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is characterized as an impaired ability of learning and memory with periodic and unpredictable seizures. Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the main causes of TLE. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are directly involved in epileptogenesis and neurodegeneration, promoting chronic epilepsy and cognitive deficit. Previous studies have shown that ursolic acid (UA) represses inflammation and oxidative stress, contributing to neuroprotection. Herein, we demonstrated that UA treatment alleviated seizure behavior and cognitive impairment induced by epilepsy. Moreover, UA treatment rescued hippocampal neuronal damage, aberrant neurogenesis, and ectopic migration, which are commonly accompanied by epilepsy occurrence. Our study also demonstrated that UA treatment remarkably suppressed the SE-induced neuroinflammation, evidenced by activated microglial cells and decreased inflammation factors, including TNF-α and IL-1β. Likewise, the expression levels of oxidative stress damage markers and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzyme complexes of mitochondria were also remarkably downregulated following the UA treatment, suggesting that UA suppressed the damage caused by the high oxidative stress and the defect mitochondrial function induced by SE. Furthermore, UA treatment attenuated GABAergic interneuron loss. In summary, our study clarified the notable anti-seizure and neuroprotective properties of UA in pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats, which is mainly achieved by abilities of anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Our study indicates the potential advantage of UA application in ameliorating epileptic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-mei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Medical Science Research Institution of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Kun-mei Liu, ; Le Guo,
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pan-pan Wan
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun-hua Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan-juan Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chun-yang Yu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin-jiang Chou
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lianxiang Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Qiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Kun-mei Liu, ; Le Guo,
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10
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Bencurova P, Laakso H, Salo RA, Paasonen E, Manninen E, Paasonen J, Michaeli S, Mangia S, Bares M, Brazdil M, Kubova H, Gröhn O. Infantile status epilepticus disrupts myelin development. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 162:105566. [PMID: 34838665 PMCID: PMC8845085 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent type of epilepsy in adults; it often starts in infancy or early childhood. Although TLE is primarily considered to be a grey matter pathology, a growing body of evidence links this disease with white matter abnormalities. In this study, we explore the impact of TLE onset and progression in the immature brain on white matter integrity and development utilising the rat model of Li-pilocarpine-induced TLE at the 12th postnatal day (P). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Black-Gold II histology uncovered disruptions in major white matter tracks (corpus callosum, internal and external capsules, and deep cerebral white matter) spreading through the whole brain at P28. These abnormalities were mostly not present any longer at three months after TLE induction, with only limited abnormalities detectable in the external capsule and deep cerebral white matter. Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field in the rotating frame of rank 4 indicated that white matter changes observed at both timepoints, P28 and P72, are consistent with decreased myelin content. The animals affected by TLE-induced white matter abnormalities exhibited increased functional connectivity between the thalamus and medial prefrontal and somatosensory cortex in adulthood. Furthermore, histological analyses of additional animal groups at P15 and P18 showed only mild changes in white matter integrity, suggesting a gradual age-dependent impact of TLE progression. Taken together, TLE progression in the immature brain distorts white matter development with a peak around postnatal day 28, followed by substantial recovery in adulthood. This developmental delay might give rise to cognitive and behavioural comorbidities typical for early-onset TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bencurova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hanne Laakso
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raimo A Salo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Paasonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eppu Manninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Paasonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Martin Bares
- Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Milan Brazdil
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kubova
- Academy of Sciences Czech Republic, Institute of Physiology, Department of Developmental Epileptology, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Petrasek T, Vojtechova I, Klovrza O, Tuckova K, Vejmola C, Rak J, Sulakova A, Kaping D, Bernhardt N, de Vries PJ, Otahal J, Waltereit R. mTOR inhibitor improves autistic-like behaviors related to Tsc2 haploinsufficiency but not following developmental status epilepticus. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:14. [PMID: 33863288 PMCID: PMC8052752 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a multi-system genetic disorder often associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is caused by mutations of TSC1 or TSC2, which lead to constitutive overactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In several Tsc1+/- and Tsc2+/- animal models, cognitive and social behavior deficits were reversed by mTOR inhibitors. However, phase II studies have not shown amelioration of ASD and cognitive deficits in individuals with TSC during mTOR inhibitor therapy. We asked here if developmental epilepsy, common in the majority of individuals with TSC but absent in most animal models, could explain the discrepancy. Methods At postnatal day P12, developmental status epilepticus (DSE) was induced in male Tsc2+/- (Eker) and wild-type rats, establishing four experimental groups including controls. In adult animals (n = 36), the behavior was assessed in the paradigms of social interaction test, elevated plus-maze, light-dark test, Y-maze, and novel object recognition. The testing was carried out before medication (T1), during a 2-week treatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (T2) and after an 8-week washing-out (T3). Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded in a separate set of animals (n = 18). Results Both Tsc2+/- mutation and DSE caused social behavior deficits and epileptiform EEG abnormalities (T1). Everolimus led to a persistent improvement of the social deficit induced by Tsc2+/-, while deficits related to DSE did not respond to everolimus (T2, T3). Conclusions These findings may contribute to an explanation why ASD symptoms in individuals with TSC, where comorbid early-onset epilepsy is common, were not reliably ameliorated by mTOR inhibitors in clinical studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11689-021-09357-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Petrasek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Iveta Vojtechova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Klovrza
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Tuckova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cestmir Vejmola
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rak
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sulakova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kaping
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petrus J de Vries
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jakub Otahal
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Waltereit
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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12
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Synaptic Reshaping and Neuronal Outcomes in the Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083860. [PMID: 33917911 PMCID: PMC8068229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common types of focal epilepsy, characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures originating in the temporal lobe(s), with mesial TLE (mTLE) as the worst form of TLE, often associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Abnormal epileptiform discharges are the result, among others, of altered cell-to-cell communication in both chemical and electrical transmissions. Current knowledge about the neurobiology of TLE in human patients emerges from pathological studies of biopsy specimens isolated from the epileptogenic zone or, in a few more recent investigations, from living subjects using positron emission tomography (PET). To overcome limitations related to the use of human tissue, animal models are of great help as they allow the selection of homogeneous samples still presenting a more various scenario of the epileptic syndrome, the presence of a comparable control group, and the availability of a greater amount of tissue for in vitro/ex vivo investigations. This review provides an overview of the structural and functional alterations of synaptic connections in the brain of TLE/mTLE patients and animal models.
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13
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Ribeiro FT, de Serro-Azul MIS, Lorena FB, do Nascimento BPP, Arnold AJT, Barbosa GHL, Ribeiro MO, Cysneiros RM. Increased Endocannabinoid Signaling Reduces Social Motivation in Intact Rats and Does Not Affect Animals Submitted to Early-Life Seizures. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:560423. [PMID: 33362484 PMCID: PMC7756094 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.560423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The early life status epilepticus (SE) causes high anxiety and chronic socialization abnormalities, revealed by a low preference for social novelty and deficit in social discrimination. This study investigated the involvement of the endocannabinoid system on the sociability in this model, due to its role in social motivation regulation. Male Wistar rats at postnatal day 9 were subjected to pilocarpine-induced neonatal SE and controls received saline. From P60 the groups received vehicle or JZL195 2 h before each behavioral test to increase endocannabinoids availability. In the sociability test, animals subjected to neonatal SE exhibited impaired sociability, characterized by social discrimination deficit, which was unaffected by the JZL195 treatment. In contrast, JZL195-treated control rats showed low sociability and impaired social discrimination. The negative impact of JZL195 over the sociability in control rats and the lack of effect in animals subjected to neonatal SE was confirmed in the social memory paradigm. In this paradigm, as expected for vehicle-treated control rats, the investigation toward the same social stimulus decreased with the sequential exposition and increased toward a novel stimulus. In animals subjected to neonatal SE, regardless of the treatment, as well as in JZL195-treated control rats, the investigation toward the same social stimulus was significantly reduced with no improvement toward a novel stimulus. Concerning the locomotion, the JZL195 increased it only in control rats. After behavioral tests, brain tissues of untreated animals were used for CB1 receptor quantification by Elisa and for gene expression by RT-PCR: no difference between control and experimental animals was noticed. The results reinforce the evidence that the early SE causes chronic socialization abnormalities, revealed by the low social interest for novelty and impaired social discrimination. The dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor (JZL195) administration before the social encounter impaired the social interaction in intact rats with no effect in animals subjected to early-life seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Teixeira Ribeiro
- Developmental Disabilities Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ivany Silva de Serro-Azul
- Developmental Disabilities Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Beraldo Lorena
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre José Tavolari Arnold
- Developmental Disabilities Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Henrique Lemos Barbosa
- Developmental Disabilities Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Oliveira Ribeiro
- Developmental Disabilities Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Monterazzo Cysneiros
- Developmental Disabilities Postgraduate Program, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Metabolism, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Hattiangady B, Kuruba R, Shuai B, Grier R, Shetty AK. Hippocampal Neural Stem Cell Grafting after Status Epilepticus Alleviates Chronic Epilepsy and Abnormal Plasticity, and Maintains Better Memory and Mood Function. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1374-1394. [PMID: 33269095 PMCID: PMC7673840 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal damage after status epilepticus (SE) leads to multiple epileptogenic changes, which lead to chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Morbidities such as spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and memory and mood impairments are seen in a significant fraction of SE survivors despite the administration of antiepileptic drugs after SE. We examined the efficacy of bilateral intra-hippocampal grafting of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) derived from the embryonic day 19 rat hippocampi, six days after SE for restraining SE-induced SRS, memory, and mood impairments in the chronic phase. Grafting of NSCs curtailed the progression of SRS at 3-5 months post-SE and reduced the frequency and severity of SRS activity when examined at eight months post-SE. Reduced SRS activity was also associated with improved memory function. Graft-derived cells migrated into different hippocampal cell layers, differentiated into GABA-ergic interneurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Significant percentages of graft-derived cells also expressed beneficial neurotrophic factors such as the fibroblast growth factor-2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. NSC grafting protected neuropeptide Y- and parvalbumin-positive host interneurons, diminished the abnormal migration of newly born neurons, and rescued the reelin+ interneurons in the dentate gyrus. Besides, grafting led to the maintenance of a higher level of normal neurogenesis in the chronic phase after SE and diminished aberrant mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus. Thus, intrahippocampal grafting of hippocampal NSCs shortly after SE considerably curbed the progression of epileptogenic processes and SRS, which eventually resulted in less severe chronic epilepsy devoid of significant cognitive and mood impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Hattiangady
- 1Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.,2Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans' Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.,3Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,4Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ramkumar Kuruba
- 3Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,4Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bing Shuai
- 1Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.,2Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans' Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.,3Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,4Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Remedios Grier
- 3Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,4Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- 1Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.,2Research Service, Olin E. Teague Veterans' Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA.,3Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery) Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,4Research and Surgery Services, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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15
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Vodička M, Vavřínová A, Mikulecká A, Zicha J, Behuliak M. Hyper-reactivity of HPA axis in Fischer 344 rats is associated with impaired cardiovascular and behavioral adaptation to repeated restraint stress. Stress 2020; 23:667-677. [PMID: 32543321 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1777971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fischer 344 (F344) rats are characterized by the hyper-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stressful stimuli, while Lewis (LEW) rats are considered to be hypo-reactive. We studied stress-induced cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses of adult male F344 and LEW rats subjected to the single (120 min) or the repeated restraint stress (daily 120 min for 1 week). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in the restrained rats (n = 7-8 for each group) via a catheter inserted into the femoral artery. Baroreceptor sensitivity was evaluated using NO donor sodium nitroprusside and α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. The plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, aldosterone, and adrenaline were determined before and during the restraint. Exploratory behavior was tested in open field test. F344 rats exerted the augmented stress-induced increase in plasma ACTH, corticosterone, and adrenaline as well as the impaired endocrine adaptation to the repeated stress compared to LEW rats. F344 rats exhibited higher MAP than LEW rats during single and repeated restraint. Moreover, repeatedly restrained F344 showed elevated HR and diminished baroreflex sensitivity. F344 and LEW rats exhibited similar total locomotor activity and the time spent in the center of open field arena, both parameters being decreased by the repeated restraint. The detailed analysis revealed altered pattern of locomotor behavior in F344 rats subjected to repeated restraint. In conclusion, F344 rats showed the impaired endocrine adaptation that resulted in allostatic overload, which might contribute to the impaired cardiovascular and behavioral adaptation to chronic stress observed in this strain. Lay summary F344 rats, characterized by HPA axis hyper-reactivity, exhibited higher blood pressure during restraint than LEW rats. Moreover, repeatedly restrained F344 rats showed elevated heart rate and impaired baroreflex sensitivity. It can be concluded that a poor adaptation to the repeated stress in F344 rats is not only limited to the neuroendocrine response but also has important cardiovascular consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vodička
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vavřínová
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mikulecká
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zicha
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Behuliak
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Baloun J, Bencurova P, Totkova T, Kubova H, Hermanova M, Hendrych M, Pail M, Pospisilova S, Brazdil M. Epilepsy miRNA Profile Depends on the Age of Onset in Humans and Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:924. [PMID: 33041753 PMCID: PMC7522367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a severe neurological disorder accompanied by recurrent spontaneous seizures. Although the knowledge of TLE onset is still incomplete, TLE pathogenesis most likely involves the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs play an essential role in organism homeostasis and are widely studied in TLE as potential therapeutics and biomarkers. However, many discrepancies in discovered miRNAs occur among TLE studies due to model-specific miRNA expression, different onset ages of epilepsy among patients, or technology-related bias. We employed a massive parallel sequencing approach to analyze brain tissues from 16 adult mesial TLE (mTLE)/hippocampal sclerosis (HS) patients, 8 controls and 20 rats with TLE-like syndrome, and 20 controls using the same workflow and categorized these subjects based on the age of epilepsy onset. All categories were compared to discover overlapping miRNAs with an aberrant expression, which could be involved in TLE. Our cross-comparative analyses showed distinct miRNA profiles across the age of epilepsy onset and found that the miRNA profile in rats with adult-onset TLE shows the closest resemblance to the profile in mTLE/HS patients. Additionally, this analysis revealed overlapping miRNAs between patients and the rat model, which should participate in epileptogenesis and ictogenesis. Among the overlapping miRNAs stand out miR-142-5p and miR-142-3p, which regulate immunomodulatory agents with pro-convulsive effects and suppress neuronal growth. Our cross-comparison study enhanced the insight into the effect of the age of epilepsy onset on miRNA expression and deepened the knowledge of epileptogenesis. We employed the same methodological workflow in both patients and the rat model, thus improving the reliability and accuracy of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Baloun
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Bencurova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Brno Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tereza Totkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Kubova
- Department of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- First Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michal Hendrych
- First Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Pail
- Brno Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Milan Brazdil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Brno Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
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