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Zhang D, Duan R, Liu J, Wang M, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Liu M, Sun S. Development and evaluation of time-resolved rapid immunofluorescence test for detection of TSOL18 specific antibody in porcine cysticercosis infections. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:182. [PMID: 38720329 PMCID: PMC11077887 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine cysticercosis, a serious zoonotic parasitic disease, is caused by the larvae of Taenia solium and has been acknowledged by the World Organization for Animal Health. The current detection methods of Cysticercus cellulosae cannot meet the needs of large-scale and rapid detection in the field. We hypothesized that the immunofluorescence chromatography test strip (ICS) for detecting Cysticercus cellulosae, according to optimization of a series of reaction systems was conducted, and sensitivity, specificity, and stability testing, and was finally compared with ELISA. This method utilizes Eu3+-labeled time-resolved fluorescent microspheres (TRFM) coupled with TSOL18 antigen to detect TSOL18 antibodies in infected pig sera. RESULTS ICS and autopsy have highly consistent diagnostic results (n = 133), as determined by Cohen's κ analysis (κ = 0.925). And the results showed that the proposed ICS are high sensitivity (0.9459) with specificity (0.9792). The ICS was unable to detect positive samples of other parasites. It can be stored for at least six months at 4℃. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we established a TRFM-ICS method with higher sensitivity and specificity than indirect ELISA. Results obtained from serum samples can be read within 10 min, indicating a rapid, user-friendly test suitable for large-scale field detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejia Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia MinZu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Rui Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia MinZu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia MinZu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia MinZu University, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225000, China.
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Gonzales-Gustavson E, Pray IW, Gamboa R, Muro C, Vilchez P, Gomez-Puerta L, Vargas-Calla A, Bonnet G, Pizzitutti F, Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, O’Neal SE. Evaluating the Role of Corrals and Insects in the Transmission of Porcine Cysticercosis: A Cohort Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:597. [PMID: 37111483 PMCID: PMC10143142 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread dispersion of pigs infected with cysticercosis across endemic villages, low cyst burden among infected pigs, and low prevalence of taeniasis all suggest that pig ingestion of human feces is not the only mode of transmission for Taenia solium. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of porcine cysticercosis associated with exposure to human feces, dung beetles, and flies in an endemic community setting. We used a cluster-randomized cohort design to compare the risk of developing antibodies and infection among 120 piglets raised in either free-roaming (FR), standard corral (SC), or netted corral environments (NC). We collected monthly blood samples to detect serum antibodies and necropsied all pigs after 10 months to identify cysts. A total of 66 piglets developed antibodies with the relative risk of seropositivity in FR vs. all corralled pigs increasing significantly after 18 weeks. Of 108 necropsied pigs, 15 had T. solium cysts, all belonging to the FR group. Corrals were protective against infection but less so against seropositivity. NC, which did not completely exclude insects, did not provide added protection against seropositivity as compared to SC. The results of this study suggest that dung beetles and flies do not play an important role in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Gonzales-Gustavson
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Ian W. Pray
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Center of Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru
| | - Claudio Muro
- Center of Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru
| | - Percy Vilchez
- Center of Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru
| | - Luis Gomez-Puerta
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Ana Vargas-Calla
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Gabrielle Bonnet
- Centre for the Mathematical Modeling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | | | - Hector H. Garcia
- Center of Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru
- Cysticercosis Unit, National Institute of Neurological Sciences, Lima 15003, Peru
| | - Armando E. Gonzalez
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15081, Peru
| | - Seth E. O’Neal
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Center of Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15202, Peru
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Zhang Y, Luo B, Liu MC, OuYang RH, Fan XM, Jiang N, Yang FJ, Wang LJ, Zhou BY. Analysis of immune response in BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 of Taenia solium. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106517. [PMID: 35595093 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of vaccine against human cysticercosis, thus making a huge population at the risk of infection. In this study, we chose a novel potential antigen molecule Taenia solium 14-3-3.3 (Ts14-3-3.3) and optimized it as sp-Ts14-3-3.3 (sp is immunoglobulin H chain V-region precursor, partial) in order to construct recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups for immunization: pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3, pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3, pMZ-X3 plasmid control group and PBS control group. Compared with two control groups, the proliferation level of splenic lymphocytes increased significantly in pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 groups and reached the maximum in week 6. And the same case arose as cytokines associated with Th1 response, IFN-γ, and IL-2 while those with Th2 response, IL-4, IL-10 went up and reached the maximum in week 4. The levels of serum specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a rose and reached the maximum in week 6, 4 and 6, respectively. Meanwhile, the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes increased and reached the peak in week 6. The results indicated that the recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 can induce specific cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice with immunization. Notably, the recombinant plasmid pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 has a better immune effect, which proves that Ts14-3-3.3 enjoys a higher possibility as a potential antigen molecule to T. solium vaccine.
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Lightowlers MW, Gasser RB, Hemphill A, Romig T, Tamarozzi F, Deplazes P, Torgerson PR, Garcia HH, Kern P. Advances in the treatment, diagnosis, control and scientific understanding of taeniid cestode parasite infections over the past 50 years. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:1167-1192. [PMID: 34757089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past 50 years, enormous progress has been made in the diagnosis, treatment and control of taeniid cestode infections/diseases and in the scientific understanding thereof. Most interest in this group of parasites stems from the serious diseases that they cause in humans. It is through this lens that we summarize here the most important breakthroughs that have made a difference to the treatment of human diseases caused by these parasites, reduction in transmission of the taeniid species associated with human disease, or understanding of the parasites' biology likely to impact diagnosis or treatment in the foreseeable future. Key topics discussed are the introduction of anti-cestode drugs, including benzimidazoles and praziquantel, and the development of new imaging modalities that have transformed the diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of human echinococcoses and neurocysticercosis. The availability of new anti-cestode drugs for use in dogs and a detailed understanding of the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato have underpinned successful programs that have eliminated cystic echinococcosis in some areas of the world and greatly reduced the incidence of infection in others. Despite these successes, cystic and alveolar echinococcosis and neurocysticercosis continue to be prevalent in many parts of the world, requiring new or renewed efforts to prevent the associated taeniid infections. Major advances made in the development of practical vaccines against E. granulosus and Taenia solium will hopefully assist in this endeavour, as might the understanding of the parasites' biology that have come from an elucidation of the nuclear genomes of each of the most important taeniid species causing human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall W Lightowlers
- Department of Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Romig
- University of Hohenheim, Parasitology Unit, Emil-Wolff-Strasse 34, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Peter Deplazes
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse, and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hector H Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory Research-LID, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Alberto Cazorla Talleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Perú
| | - Peter Kern
- Ulm University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Immunodiagnostic usefulness of monoclonal antibodies specific to conformational epitopes of Taenia solium oncosphere protein TSOL18. J Immunol Methods 2021; 497:113121. [PMID: 34352238 PMCID: PMC8440224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium oncosphere protein TSOL18 is the host-protective antigen against porcine cysticercosis. Little attention has been given to use it as target molecule in immunodiagnostic tests. The objective of this paper is to describe the immunodiagnostic potential of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) raised against conformational epitopes of TSOL18. Three murine IgG1 MoAbs (25D12C1, 21C2D2, 10H1F2) against three different conformational epitopes of TSOL18 were produced and evaluated with an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) for the detection of anti-TSOL18 and anti-oncosphere antibodies. Serum samples from pigs immunized with TSOL18 inhibited the binding of the three MoAbs to TSOL18 antigen in i-ELISA. The highest inhibition of anti-TSOL18 antibodies in immunized pigs was observed with MoAb 25D12C1. Ten field sera (12.19%) from 82 non-vaccinated and non-infected pigs showed anti-oncosphere antibodies inhibiting the binding of MoAb 25D12C1. Anti-oncosphere antibodies in pigs experimentally infected with T. solium eggs inhibited the binding of MoAb 25D12C1 from 2 to 8 week-post infection. It is concluded that MoAb 25D12C1 has excellent immunodiagnostic potentials to detect anti-oncosphere antibodies in the intermediate hosts at early exposure to T. solium eggs. Further investigations on potential use of MoAb 25D12C1 in a capture antigen ELISA for the detection of post-oncospheral antigens in infected pigs cannot be overemphasized. We describe the potential usefulness of the monoclonal antibody 25D12C1 to TSOL18 protein. Serum samples from pigs immunized with TSOL18 inhibited the binding of 25D12C1 in an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA) for the detection of anti-TSOL18 and anti-oncosphere antibodies. Anti-oncosphere antibodies in pigs infected with T. solium eggs inhibited also the binding of 25D12C1. It is concluded that MoAb i-ELISA using 25D12C1 has the potential to identify animals exposed to T. solium infection.
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Taenia solium insulin receptors: promising candidates for cysticercosis treatment and prevention. Acta Trop 2020; 209:105552. [PMID: 32485167 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling pathway is an ancient and highly conserved pathway known to play critical roles in cell growth, control and metabolic regulation. In this study, we identified and characterized two insulin receptor genes (TsIR-1316 and TsIR-4810) from Taenia solium. TsIR-1316 was grouped with E. multilocularis insulin receptor (EmIR-1) and TsIR-4810 was closer to Taenia pisiformis insulin-like growth factor receptor (TpIR) on the same branch with a very high bootstrap value. TsIR-1316 was located on the integument of larvae and adult worms, as well as the ovary of adults and eggs. Alternatively, TsIR-4810 was located in the parenchyma and reproductive organs of the adult worms. By using in vitro cultivation systems with Cysticercus pisiformis as a model, we demonstrated that anti-TsIRs-LBD antibodies could effectively block the insulin signaling pathway, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor as well as lower levels of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. The rabbits immunized with TsIR-1316-LBD, TsIR-4810-LBD and TsIR-1316-LBD + TsIR-4810-LBD produced protection against infection of T. pisiformis as demonstrated by a 94.6%, 96% and 80% reduction of establishment of larvae, respectively. These data suggested that TsIR-1316-LBD and TsIR-4810-LBD are promising vaccine candidates or novel drug targets against swine cysticercosis.
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Immunogenicity and protection induced by recombinant Toxocara canis proteins in a murine model of toxocariasis. Vaccine 2020; 38:4762-4772. [PMID: 32451213 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxocariasis, a natural helminth infection of dogs and cats caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati, respectively, that are transmitted to mammals, including humans. Infection control is based currently on periodic antihelmintic treatment and there is a need for the development of vaccines to prevent this infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight potential vaccine candidate T. canis recombinant proteins were identified by in silico (rTcGPRs, rTcCad, rTcVcan, rTcCyst) and larval proteomics (rTES26, rTES32, rMUC-3 and rCTL-4) analyses. Immunogenicity and protection against infectious challenge for seven of these antigens were determined in a murine model of toxocariasis. C57BL/6 female mice were immunized with each of or combinations of recombinant antigens prior to challenge with 500 T. canis embryonated eggs. Levels of specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgE) in sera and cytokines (IL-5, INF-ɣ and IL-10) produced by antigens-stimulated splenocytes, were measured. Presence of specific antibodies to the molecules was measured in sera of T. canis-seropositive dogs and humans. RESULTS All seven molecules were immunogenic in immunized mice; all stimulated significantly elevated levels of specific IgG, IgG1 or IgG2a and six were associated with elevated levels of specific IgE; all induced elevated production of IFN- ɣ and IL-10 by splenocytes, but only the in silico-identified membrane-associated recombinants (rTcCad, rTcVcan, and rTcCyst) induced significantly increased IL-5 production. Vaccination with two of the latter (rTcCad and rTcVcan) reduced larval loads in the T. canis challenged mice by 54.3% and 53.9% (P < 0.0001), respectively, compared to unimmunized controls. All seven recombinants were recognized by T. canis-seropositive dog and human sera. CONCLUSION The identification of vaccine targets by in silico analysis was an effective strategy to identify immunogenic T. canis proteins capable of reducing larval burdens following challenge with the parasite. Two recombinant proteins, rTcCad and rTcVcan, were identified as promising vaccine candidates for canine toxocariasis.
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Molecular characterization of the Taenia solium Tso31 antigen and homologous of other Taenia species from Peru. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1307-1309. [PMID: 30627807 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-06195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have been performed to determine specific antigens for the diagnosis of tapeworms. One of these antigens is Tso31, which is used to differentiate Taenia solium and Taenia saginata in human feces. The aim of the present work was the molecular characterization of this protein in different tapeworm specimens collected in Peru: T. omisa (n = 6), T. hydatigena (n = 7), T. taeniaeformis (n = 4), T. pisiformes (n = 1), T. multiceps (n = 7), and T. solium (n = 10). Total DNA was extracted from each proglottid using a commercial DNA kit for tissue. A nested PCR was used to amplify a fragment of the previously described oncosphere-specific protein Tso31 gene. The nested PCR products were analyzed by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized after ethidium bromide staining. All nested PCR-positive products were sequenced and their sequences were compared. Of all the tapeworms analyzed, only T. solium and T. multiceps amplified the Tso31 gene. All sequences were identical for each species. Our T. solium Tso31 showed 100% similarity when compared with published GenBank sequences. The difference between T. solium and T. multiceps Tso31 samples was 8.1%. In conclusion, our results show that the tsol31 gene is not exclusive to T. solium.
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Guimarães-Peixoto RPM, Pinto PSA, Santos MR, Zilch TJ, Apolinário PF, Silva-Júnior A. Development of the multi-epitope chimeric antigen rqTSA-25 from Taenia saginata for serological diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006371. [PMID: 29649259 PMCID: PMC6078323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine cysticercosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis caused by the larval form of Taenia saginata present in bovine muscles. The diagnosis is based on the postmortem inspection at slaughterhouses and consists of the macroscopic visualization of lesions caused by cysticercosis in muscle sites. However, parasitized animals can pass unnoticed during sanitary inspection. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the performance of different peptides from different regions of T. saginata for the cysticercosis diagnosis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We generated and evaluated a new recombinant protein chimera derived from the fusion of different peptides. We selected three distinct regions of T. saginata and predicted six peptides with antigenic potential (EP2–EP7). These peptides were analyzed individually and selected for generating a new chimeric recombinant protein. The new protein was termed rqTSA-25, and its performance rates were: 93.3% sensitivity (confidence interval (CI) = 76–98%), 95.3% specificity (CI = 82–99%), 93% positive predictive value (CI = 76–98%), 95% negative predictive value (CI = 82–99%), and 95% accuracy. In the immunoblot, this protein showed no false positive or false negative reaction. Thus, the use of rqTSA-25 is recommended for the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. Taenia saginata cysticercosis occurs worldwide. The prevalence related is higher mainly in developing countries, causing damage to public health and economic losses. Through our study, a new antigen with high diagnostic potential was developed for use in laboratory serological tests, aiming at the detection of bovine cysticercosis. In this way, it was possible to contribute significantly to the improvement of the diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella P. M. Guimarães-Peixoto
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Paulo S. A. Pinto
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus R. Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago J. Zilch
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula F. Apolinário
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Designing a Minimal Intervention Strategy to Control Taenia solium. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:426-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Little
- Barrow Neurological Institute, LTD, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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12
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Control of Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis: past practices and new possibilities. Parasitology 2013; 140:1566-77. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYNeurocysticercosis continues to be a major health burden on humans living in many regions of the world, despite the availability of highly effective taeniacides and identification of the cause, Taenia solium, as being potentially eradicable. Several T. solium control trials have been undertaken, generally achieving limited success and none that has been fully documented has achieved what was demonstrated to be a sustainable level of disease control. Pigs act as intermediate hosts for T. solium and two new control tools have become available for application in pigs – single-dose oxfendazole treatment of porcine cysticercosis and the TSOL18 vaccine. Three potential intervention scenarios for pigs are compared for control of cysticercosis, using either oxfendazole or vaccination. A control scenario involving vaccination plus oxfendazole treatment delivered at 4 monthly intervals was predicted to achieve the best outcome, with no pigs slaughtered at 12 months of age having viable T. solium cysticerci. Now that new control tools are available, there are opportunities to concentrate research attention on evaluation of novel control scenarios leading to the implementation of effective and sustainable control programmes and a reduction in the global burden of neurocysticercosis.
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Ding J, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Dou Y, Chen X, Zhu X, Wang S, Zhang S, Liu Z, Hou J, Zhai J, Yan H, Luo X, Cai X. Immune responses to a recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing a Taenia solium oncosphere antigen TSOL18. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gauci C, Lightowlers MW. Genes encoding homologous antigens in taeniid cestode parasites: Implications for development of recombinant vaccines produced in Escherichia coli. Bioengineered 2012; 4:168-71. [PMID: 23090389 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.22576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant vaccine antigens are being evaluated for their ability to protect livestock animals against cysticercosis and related parasitic infections. Practical use of some of these vaccines is expected to reduce parasite transmission, leading to a reduction in the incidence of neurocysticercosis and hydatid disease in humans. We recently showed that an antigen (TSOL16), expressed in Escherichia coli, confers high levels of protection against Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs, which provides a strategy for control of T. solium parasite transmission. Here, we discuss the characteristics of this antigen that may affect the utility of TSOL16 and related antigens for development as recombinant vaccines. We also report that genes encoding antigens closely related to TSOL16 from T. solium also occur in other related species of parasites. These highly homologous antigens have the potential to be used as vaccines and may provide protection against related species of Taenia that cause infection in other hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Gauci
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
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Gauci CG, Jayashi CM, Gonzalez AE, Lackenby J, Lightowlers MW. Protection of pigs against Taenia solium cysticercosis by immunization with novel recombinant antigens. Vaccine 2012; 30:3824-8. [PMID: 22521850 PMCID: PMC3383989 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant antigens from the oncosphere stage of the parasite Taenia solium were expressed in Escherichia coli. The TSOL16, TSOL45-1A and TSOL45-1B recombinant antigens, each consisting of fibronectin type III (FnIII) domain S, were produced as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST) and maltose binding protein (MBP). Groups of pigs were immunized twice with the GST fusions of the antigens and boosted a third time with the MBP fusions prior to receiving a challenge infection with T. solium eggs. The TSOL16 antigen was found to be capable of inducing high levels of immunity in pigs against a challenge infection with T. solium. Immunological investigations identified differences in immune responses in the pigs vaccinated with the various antigens. The results demonstrate that the TSOL16 antigen could be a valuable adjunct to current porcine vaccination approaches and may allow the further development of new vaccination strategies against T. solium cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles G Gauci
- University of Melbourne, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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16
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Eradication of Taenia solium cysticercosis: a role for vaccination of pigs. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1183-92. [PMID: 20470777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium is the causative agent of neurocysticercosis, a disease responsible for substantial human morbidity and mortality. It is a zoonotic parasite, involving pigs as intermediate hosts. The parasite's full life cycle is restricted to poor people in developing countries. Attempts to date to control transmission of the parasite have been relatively poorly effective and not sustainable. Over the past decade research has been undertaken to develop practical vaccines for use in pigs to prevent transmission of T. solium. The most effective of these vaccines in controlled experimental trials has been the TSOL18 vaccine. More recently, TSOL18 has been proven to be highly effective against naturally acquired infection with T. solium in pigs. Application of TSOL18 together with a single treatment of pigs with oxfendazole achieved the complete elimination of transmission of the parasite by pigs involved in the field trial. This strategy may provide a relatively low cost and sustainable control tool which could assist towards the goal of achieving eradication of the parasite. An assessment is made of the potential value of various control measures that are available for T. solium, and two options are suggested as potential parasite control programs.
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17
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Localisation of three host-protective oncospheral antigens of Taenia ovis. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:579-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Assana E, Kyngdon CT, Gauci CG, Geerts S, Dorny P, De Deken R, Anderson GA, Zoli AP, Lightowlers MW. Elimination of Taenia solium transmission to pigs in a field trial of the TSOL18 vaccine in Cameroon. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:515-9. [PMID: 20138046 PMCID: PMC2856920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A pilot field trial of the TSOL18 vaccine was undertaken in Cameroon. Two hundred and forty, 2–3 month-old piglets were distributed to 114 individual households in pairs. Vaccinated animals received three immunisations with 200 μg TSOL18 plus 5 mg Quil A and 30 mg/kg oxfendazole at the time of the second immunisation. Necropsies were undertaken when the pigs were approximately 12 months of age. Viable Taenia solium cysticerci were identified in 20 control pigs (prevalence 19.6%); no cysticerci were found in any of the vaccinated animals (P < 0.0001). Combined application of TSOL18 vaccination and a single oxfendazole treatment in pigs may be a relatively simple and sustainable procedure that has the potential to control T. solium transmission in endemic areas and, indirectly, reduce the number of new cases of neurocysticercosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Assana
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Animal Health, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
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19
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Chiaratti MR, Bressan FF, Ferreira CR, Caetano AR, Smith LC, Vercesi AE, Meirelles FV. Embryo Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Is Reversed During Early Embryogenesis in Cattle1. Biol Reprod 2010; 82:76-85. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.077776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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20
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The ultrastructure of taeniid cestode oncospheres and localization of host-protective antigens. Parasitology 2009; 137:521-35. [PMID: 19835645 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182009991260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Taeniid eggs contain an infective larval form of the parasite, known as the oncosphere, which has been found to be highly susceptible to attack by the host's immune system and this fact has been exploited in the development of highly effective vaccines. Relatively little is known about the structure of taeniid oncospheres and the localization of host-protective antigens within or on the oncosphere. Here, we briefly review the current state of knowledge of the structure of the oncosphere and present preliminary data on the localization of a host-protective antigen within the oncospheres of Taenia ovis. The precise localization of the antigens, in the context of a detailed knowledge of the ultrastructure of the parasite, may reveal the immune mechanisms by which the taeniid parasites are killed by vaccine-induced immune responses, which, in turn, may provide clues about how vaccines could be developed against other parasitic helminths.
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21
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Hu S, Law PK, Fung MC. Microarray analysis of genes highly expressed in cercarial stage of Schistosoma japonicum and the characterization of the antigen Sj20H8. Acta Trop 2009; 112:26-32. [PMID: 19520053 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomes have a complex life cycle which alternates between two hosts and includes two short-lived water-born forms. Cercariae are the larval forms of schistosomes responsible for infection of the vertebrate hosts. The infection is initiated when the cercariae penetrate host skin. During penetration, cercariae will undergo profound changes and release excretory/secretory products to adapt to the new environment and to escape from host's immune attack. Part of these events should be determined, to some degree, by the activation of certain genes in the cercariae. In this study, we performed cDNA microarray analysis to monitor the profile of the genes actively expressed in Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. Microarray analysis showed that 76 of 3840 cDNA clones were expressed more than 20-fold in cercariae compared to adult worms. After cluster analysis, 19 non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, 4 of which represented functionally annotated genes, 14 of which represented functionally un-characterized genes, and 1 of which represented a novel gene sequence. The full-length cDNA of the second most abundant EST, Sj20H8, was cloned and preliminarily characterized. Although the precise biological role of all cercarial actively expressed transcripts identified in this investigation awaits further functional analysis, our findings may offer insight into novel control strategies or help to develop potential vaccine candidates against schistosomiasis.
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22
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Parkhouse RME, Bonay P, González LM, Ferrer E, Gárate T, Aguilar CM, Cortez A. MM, Harrison LJS. TSOL18/HP6-Tsol, an immunogenic Taenia solium oncospheral adhesion protein and potential protective antigen. Parasitol Res 2008; 102:921-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Garcia HH, Moro PL, Schantz PM. Zoonotic helminth infections of humans: echinococcosis, cysticercosis and fascioliasis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2007; 20:489-94. [PMID: 17762782 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e3282a95e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tissue parasites of humans are still prevalent in most regions of the world, and are also seen more frequently in developed countries due to increasing travel patterns. In particular, Echinococcus infections still account for hepatic and pulmonary pathology, cysticercosis is a major cause of seizures and epilepsy, and fascioliasis also causes significant liver pathology. This review summarizes current knowledge on clinical and epidemiologic aspects of zoonotic disease caused by tissue helminths. RECENT FINDINGS Tissue helminth infections remain as a public health concern. Recent research has provided new insights into clinical disease in humans and improved methods for diagnosis, treatment and control, arising mostly from the application of new techniques for immune and molecular diagnosis, availability of data from controlled trials, and development of new vaccines. Specific antiparasitic therapies are now better characterized, and new control tools are available. SUMMARY Recent research has provided new diagnostic technologies applicable to diagnosis, treatment and control, but effective interventions to reduce transmission are rarely applied. Despite some progress in their control, these zoonoses continue to be a major public health problem in many regions both in developing countries and in some more developed ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector H Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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24
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Gauci C, Vural G, Oncel T, Varcasia A, Damian V, Kyngdon CT, Craig PS, Anderson GA, Lightowlers MW. Vaccination with recombinant oncosphere antigens reduces the susceptibility of sheep to infection with Taenia multiceps. Int J Parasitol 2007; 38:1041-50. [PMID: 18160069 PMCID: PMC2706984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taenia multiceps is a cestode parasite, the larval stage of which encysts in the brain of sheep, goats and cattle causing an often fatal condition. The parasite also causes zoonotic infections in humans. Homologues of the recombinant oncosphere vaccine antigens from Taenia ovis and other Taenia species were identified in T. multiceps. Sequencing of the associated T. multiceps genes and cloning of the encoding mRNA has revealed conserved features in the genes and proteins. The T. multiceps oncosphere proteins, designated Tm16 and Tm18, contain a predicted secretory signal and fibronectin type III domain. The recombinant Tm16 and Tm18 proteins were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with GST. The antigens, formulated with Quil A adjuvant, were tested in a vaccine trial in sheep. The antigens stimulated immunity in sheep against challenge infection with T. multiceps eggs. Five of nine control sheep died due to a challenge infection with T. multiceps whereas none of 20 vaccinated animals died as a result of the parasite challenge (P = 0.001). In addition, vaccination with the Tm16 protein, or Tm16 plus Tm18, induced significant protection against the number of parasites encysting in the brain as a result of the challenge infection (P = 0.023, P = 0.015, respectively). No clear relationship was apparent between the level of specific serum antibody in vaccinated animals and either the presence or absence of parasites or the number of parasites that occurred in some of the vaccinated animals. We believe this study is the first description of recombinant vaccine-related investigations for T. multiceps. The recombinant oncosphere antigens identified may allow development of effective vaccination strategies against T. multiceps infection in sheep. They raise the potential for the development of a combined vaccine with the Echinococcus granulosus EG95 antigen for prevention of T. multiceps as well as preventing the transmission of cystic hydatid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Gauci
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Veterinary Science, Werribee, Vic. 3030, Australia.
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25
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Mayta H, Hancock K, Levine MZ, Gilman RH, Farfán MJ, Verastegui M, Lane WS, Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Tsang VCW. Characterization of a novel Taenia solium oncosphere antigen. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2007; 156:154-61. [PMID: 17850901 PMCID: PMC2082053 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2007.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infections due to Taenia solium in humans (taeniasis/cysticercosis) remain a complex health problem, particularly in developing countries. We identified two oncosphere proteins that might protect the porcine intermediate host against cysticercosis and therefore help prevent disease in humans. One of these proteins was further identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and micro-sequencing. The gene encoding this protective protein was also identified, cloned and characterized. The native 31.5 kDa protein Tso31 has four variants at the cDNA level. The longest sequence from which the others seem to derive, encodes a 253 amino acid peptide. The predicted protein has a molecular weight of 25.1 kDa, one putative N-glycosylation site, two fibronectin type III domains, and one C terminal transmembrane domain. The gene structure of the protein consists of four exons and three introns. The finding of one gene and four different cDNAs for Tso31 suggests the existence of a possible mechanism of differential splicing in this parasite. The Tso31 protein is exclusive to T. solium oncospheres with a putative protein structure of an extra-cellular receptor-like protein. The Tso31 protein was expressed as a recombinant protein fused to GST and tested in a vaccine to determine its effectiveness in protecting pigs against cysticercosis. Only two pigs out of eight vaccinated were protected and although the total median number of cyst decreased in vaccinated pigs compared to controls this decrease was not statistically significant (P = 0.09).
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/chemistry
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification
- Binding Sites/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cysticercosis/prevention & control
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- DNA, Helminth/chemistry
- DNA, Helminth/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Glycosylation
- Helminth Proteins/chemistry
- Helminth Proteins/genetics
- Helminth Proteins/immunology
- Helminth Proteins/isolation & purification
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- RNA Splicing/physiology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- Swine
- Taenia solium/genetics
- Taenia solium/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Mayta
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kathy Hancock
- DPD/NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Min Z. Levine
- DPD/NCID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- *Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street W5515, Baltimore, MD 21205. Phone: (410) 614-3959, Fax: (410) 614-6060. E-mail:
| | - Marilú J. Farfán
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuela Verastegui
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - William S. Lane
- Microchemistry and Proteomics Analysis Facility, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hector H. Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas
| | - Armando E. Gonzalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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