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Schreiber M, Vajs V, Horák P. How tapeworms interact with cancers: a mini-review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17196. [PMID: 38563013 PMCID: PMC10984186 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, with an estimated 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020 alone. Approximately 2.2 million cancer cases are attributed to infectious diseases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite the apparent involvement of some parasitic helminths (especially trematodes) in cancer induction, there are also records of the potential suppressive effects of helminth infections on cancer. Tapeworms such as Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia crassiceps, and more seem to have the potential to suppress malignant cell development, although in a few cases the evidence might be contradictory. Our review aims to summarize known epidemiological data on the cancer-helminth co-occurrence in the human population and the interactions of tapeworms with cancers, i.e., proven or hypothetical effects of tapeworms and their products on cancer cells in vivo (i.e., in experimental animals) or in vitro. The prospect of bioactive tapeworm molecules helping reduce the growth and metastasis of cancer is within the realm of future possibility, although extensive research is yet required due to certain concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schreiber
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Vajs
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Horák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Schreiber M, Macháček T, Vajs V, Šmídová B, Majer M, Hrdý J, Tolde O, Brábek J, Rösel D, Horák P. Suppression of the growth and metastasis of mouse melanoma by Taenia crassiceps and Mesocestoides corti tapeworms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376907. [PMID: 38571957 PMCID: PMC10987685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death, with an estimated 19.3 million new cases every year. Our paper presents the tumor-suppressing effect of Taenia crassiceps and Mesocestoides corti on B16F10 melanoma, the intraperitoneal application of which followed the experimental infection with these tapeworms, resulting in varying degrees of effectiveness in two strains of mice. In the case of M. corti-infected ICR mice, a strong tumor growth suppression occurred, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in the formation of distant metastases in the liver and lung. Tapeworm-infected C57BL/6J mice also showed a suppression of tumor growth and, in addition, the overall survival of infected C57BL/6J mice was significantly improved. Experiments with potential cross-reaction of melanoma and tapeworm antigens with respective specific antibodies, restimulation of spleen T cells, or the direct effect of tapeworm excretory-secretory products on melanoma cells in vitro could not explain the phenomenon. However, infections with T. crassiceps and M. corti increased the number of leukocytes possibly involved in anti-tumor immunity in the peritoneal cavity of both ICR and C57BL/6J mice. This study unveils the complex interplay between tapeworm infections, immune responses, and melanoma progression, emphasizing the need for further exploration of the mechanisms driving observed tumor-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Schreiber
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Macháček
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Vajs
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Šmídová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Majer
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Hrdý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Tolde
- Department of Cell Biology, and Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, and Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, and Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Horák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Rostamirad S, Daneshpour S, Mofid MR, Andalib A, Eskandariyan A, Mousavi S, Yousofi Darani H. Inhibition of mouse colon cancer growth following immunotherapy with a fraction of hydatid cyst fluid. Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108501. [PMID: 36931383 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydatid cyst is the larval stage of the tape worm Echinococcus granulosus which is located in human and livestock viscera. There are some scientific evidences indicating that parasitic infections induce antitumor activity against certain types of cancers. In this study, the effects of a fraction of hydatid cyst fluid on colon cancer tumor in BALB/c mice were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental work six groups of mice were challenged with mouse colon cancer cells. 5 days later when the sign of tumor growth in mice was seen, group 1-4 were injected with hydatid cyst fluid, the 78 kDa fraction, live protoscolices and BCG respectively. Group five was injected with alum alone and the sixth group left intact without any injection. The size of the tumor was measured and compared in all groups. Then blood samples of mice were evaluated for serum cytokine levels. RESULT In mice injected with hydatid cyst antigens especially a fraction of hydatid cyst fluid, tumor size was smaller than the that of control groups and the difference of tumor size in cases and control groups was statistically significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that injection of mice with a fraction of hydatid cyst fluid significantly inhibits the growth of mouse colon cancer and this inhibition may be related to effect of immune response to these antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rostamirad
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Shima Daneshpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- Immunology Department, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Eskandariyan
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Yue TT, Zhang N, Li JH, Lu XY, Wang XC, Li X, Zhang HB, Cheng SQ, Wang BB, Gong PT, Zhang XC. Anti-osteosarcoma effect of antiserum against cross antigen TPD52 between osteosarcoma and Trichinella spiralis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:498. [PMID: 34565443 PMCID: PMC8474799 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) is a parasite occurring worldwide that has been proven to have antitumour ability. However, studies on the antitumour effects of cross antigens between the tumour and T. spiralis or antibodies against cross antigens between tumours and T. spiralis are rare. METHODS To study the role of cross antigens between osteosarcoma and T. spiralis, we first screened the cDNA expression library of T. spiralis muscle larvae to obtain the cross antigen gene tumour protein D52 (TPD52), and prepared fusion protein TPD52 and its antiserum. The anti-osteosarcoma effect of the anti-TPD52 antiserum was studied using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays as well as in vivo animal models; preliminary data on the mechanism were obtained using western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Our results indicated that TPD52 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of MG-63 cells. Anti-TPD52 antiserum inhibited the proliferation of MG-63 cells and the growth of osteosarcoma in a dose-dependent manner. The tumour inhibition rate in the 100 μg treatment group was 61.95%. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that injection of anti-TPD52 antiserum increased the serum levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 in nude mice. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed that anti-TPD52 antiserum did not cause significant pathological damage. Apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells was induced by anti-TPD52 antiserum in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Anti-TPD52 antiserum exerts an anti-osteosarcoma effect by inducing apoptosis without causing histopathological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Yue
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiang-Yun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiao-Cen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shu-Qin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Bo-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Peng-Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Xi-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Shakibapour M, Kefayat A, Reza Mofid M, Shojaie B, Mohamadi F, Maryam Sharafi S, Mahmoudzadeh M, Yousofi Darani H. Anti-cancer immunoprotective effects of immunization with hydatid cyst wall antigens in a non-immunogenic and metastatic triple-negative murine mammary carcinoma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107955. [PMID: 34247052 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have gained lots of attention as the future of cancer treatment. However, poor immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens often fails to induce an efficient immune response against the tumor. Strange anti-tumor immune responses at the parasite-infected patients due to cross-reactivity have been reported in various studies. Therefore, parasite antigens with significant immunogenicity and high epitope homology with cancer antigens may activate a strong immune response against cancer cells. Herein, the sera of immunized rabbits with the hydatid cyst wall (HCW) antigens were incubated with 4 T1 mammary carcinoma cells to investigate cross-reactivity between the HCW antigens antisera and surface antigens of the breast cancer cells. Also, the SDS-PAGE profile of HCW antigens was prepared and incubated with the breast cancer patients' sera and considerable reactivity was observed between their sera and a specific band (~27/28 kDa) according to Western blotting analyzes. Then, the protein bands with cross-reactivity with breast cancer patients' sera were utilized for prophylactic immunizations of Balb/c mice. The immunoprotective effect of immunization with the HCW antigens caused significant inhibition of 4 T1 breast tumor growth, decrease of metastasis, and enlargement of the tumor-bearing mice survival time in comparison with PBS and pure immune adjuvant injected groups. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the ~ 27/28 kDa band has numbers of proteins/polypeptides with a high degree of homology with cancer cells antigens which can be the reason for this cross-reactivity and anti-tumor immune response. Taking together, immunization with HCW antigens would be a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy after further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Shakibapour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrokh Shojaie
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mohamadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seydeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Centre, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Guan W, Zhang X, Wang X, Lu S, Yin J, Zhang J. Employing Parasite Against Cancer: A Lesson From the Canine Tapeworm Echinococcus Granulocus. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1137. [PMID: 31607934 PMCID: PMC6774290 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a devastating zoonotic condition caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, remain a significant public health problem worldwide. However, after a negative correlation between solid tumor and CE has been incidentally discovered, accumulating evidence have suggested that this parasite may induce anticancer effect through activating host immune response and secreting molecules with anticancer potential, which may provide some new understanding for immunotherapy. This article will review the evidence supporting the anticancer effect of E. granulosus and its underlying mechanisms and discuss the possible implications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Guan
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Mohamadi F, Shakibapour M, Sharafi SM, Reza AA, Tolouei S, Darani HY. Anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies attach to mouse cancer cell lines but not normal mouse lymphocytes. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:183-188. [PMID: 30906547 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is prevalent intracellular parasite and a cause of worldwide infection in the human population. An inhibitory effect of this parasite on cancer growth has been demonstrated in cell culture and animal models. To determine whether the anticancer activities of T. gondii are associated with host immune response, in the current study the reactivity of anti-T. gondii antiserum with the surface of cancer cell lines was investigated. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were raised in rabbit and the reaction of this antiserum in comparison with other anti-parasite antisera (anti-T. vaginalis, anti-hydatid cyst fluid, anti-protoscolices antigens) with mouse melanoma or breast cancer cells lines was investigated using flow cytometry. Anti-T. gondii antiserum reacted markedly with the surface of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells, and less so with the normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. Meanwhile, the other anti-parasite antisera did not react strongly with the surface of cancer cells compared with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. In summary, it has been demonstrated herein that anti-T. gondii antiserum may selectively react with the surface of mouse cancer cells but not with normal mouse spleen lymphocytes. Therefore, further study on anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may be useful for directing the application of selective drug delivery in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mohamadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Mahshid Shakibapour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Ali Andalib Reza
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Sepideh Tolouei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran.,Cancer Prevention Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8179498861, Iran
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Daneshpour S, Bahadoran M, Hejazi SH, Eskandarian AA, Mahmoudzadeh M, Darani HY. Common antigens between hydatid cyst and cancers. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:9. [PMID: 26962511 PMCID: PMC4770709 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.175242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Different research groups reported a negative correlation between cancers and parasitical infections. As an example, the prevalence of a hydatid cyst among patients with cancer was significantly lower than its prevalence among normal population. Tn antigens exist both in cancer and hydatid cyst. This common antigen may be involved in the effect of parasite on cancer growth. So in this work, common antigens between hydatid cyst and cancers have been investigated. Materials and Methods: Different hydatid cyst antigens including hydatid fluid, laminated and germinal layer antigens, and excretory secretory antigens of protoscolices were run in SDS PAGE and transferred to NCP paper. In western immunoblotting, those antigens were probed with sera of patients with different cancer and also sera of non-cancer patients. Also, cross reaction among excretory secretory products of cancer cells and antisera raised against different hydatid cyst antigen was investigated. Results: In western immunoblotting, antisera raised against laminated and germinal layers of hydatid cyst reacted with excretory secretory products of cancer cells. Also, a reaction was detected between hydatid cyst antigens and sera of patients with some cancers. Conclusion: Results of this work emphasize existence of common antigens between hydatid cyst and cancers. More investigation about these common antigens is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Daneshpour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehran Bahadoran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hejazi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abas Ali Eskandarian
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Mucin-Type O-Glycosylation in Invertebrates. Molecules 2015; 20:10622-40. [PMID: 26065637 PMCID: PMC6272458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It takes part in protein conformation, protein sorting, developmental processes and the modulation of enzymatic activities. In vertebrates, the basics of the biosynthetic pathway of O-glycans are already well understood. However, the regulation of the processes and the molecular aspects of defects, especially in correlation with cancer or developmental abnormalities, are still under investigation. The knowledge of the correlating invertebrate systems and evolutionary aspects of these highly conserved biosynthetic events may help improve the understanding of the regulatory factors of this pathway. Invertebrates display a broad spectrum of glycosylation varieties, providing an enormous potential for glycan modifications which may be used for the design of new pharmaceutically active substances. Here, overviews of the present knowledge of invertebrate mucin-type O-glycan structures and the currently identified enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of these oligosaccharides are presented, and the few data dealing with functional aspects of O-glycans are summarised.
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Dorosti Z, Yousefi M, Sharafi SM, Darani HY. Mutual action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs: are there any shared targets? Future Oncol 2014; 10:2529-39. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Parasites and cancers have some common features. It has been shown that some parasites interfere with tumor growth. In addition, they both have common antigens such as the Tn antigen. A communal action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs has been reported. This shared action may be related to common targets for these drugs in cancers and parasites. In this paper, mutual action of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs, with the aim of discussing shared targets of these drugs, has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dorosti
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Sharafi
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Darani HY, Yousefi M. Parasites and cancers: parasite antigens as possible targets for cancer immunotherapy. Future Oncol 2013; 8:1529-35. [PMID: 23231515 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An adverse relationship between some parasite infections and cancer in the human population has been reported by different research groups. Anticancer activity of some parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocara canis, Acantamoeba castellani and Plasmodium yoelii has been shown in experimental animals. Moreover, it has been shown that cancer-associated mucin-type O-glycan compositions are made by parasites, therefore cancers and parasites have common antigens. In this report anticancer activities of some parasites have been reviewed and the possible mechanisms of these actions have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Yousofi Darani
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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12
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Increased accumulation of regulatory granulocytic myeloid cells in mannose receptor C type 1-deficient mice correlates with protection in a mouse model of neurocysticercosis. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1052-63. [PMID: 23319563 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01176-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by the metacestode stage of the parasite Taenia solium. During NCC, the parasites release immunodominant glycan antigens in the CNS environment, invoking immune responses. The majority of the associated pathogenesis is attributed to the immune response against the parasites. Glycans from a number of pathogens, including helminths, act as pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs), which are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) known as C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Using a mouse model of NCC by infection with the related parasite Mesocestoides corti, we have investigated the role of mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1), a CLR which recognizes high-mannose-containing glycan antigens. Here we show that MRC1(-/-) mice exhibit increased survival times after infection compared with their wild-type (WT) counterparts. The decreased disease severity correlates with reduced levels of expression of markers implicated in NCC pathology, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, CCL5, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), in addition to induction of an important repair marker, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). Furthermore, the immune cell subsets that infiltrate the brain of MRC1(-/-) mice are dramatically altered and characterized by reduced numbers of T cells and the accumulation of granulocytic cells with an immune phenotype resembling granulocytic myeloid-dependent suppressor cells (gMDSCs). The results suggest that MRC1 plays a critical role in myeloid plasticity, which in turn affects the adaptive immune response and immunopathogenesis during murine NCC.
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Hulsmeier AJ, Deplazes P, Naem S, Nonaka N, Hennet T, Kohler P. An Echinococcus multilocularis coproantigen is a surface glycoprotein with unique O-gycosylation. Glycobiology 2009; 20:127-35. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Medeiros A, Chiribao ML, Ubillos L, Festari MF, Saldaña J, Robello C, Domínguez L, Calvete JJ, Osinaga E. Mucin-type O-glycosylation in Mesocestoides vogae (syn. corti). Int J Parasitol 2008; 38:265-76. [PMID: 17892882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is an important post-translational modification underlying host-parasite interactions, which may determine the outcome of infection. Although Mesocestoides vogae represents an important model for investigating the various aspects of cestode biology, virtually no information is available about the structure and synthesis of glycans in this parasite. In this work, focused on the initiation pathway of mucin-type O-glycosylation in M. vogae, we characterized O-glycoproteins bearing the simple mucin-type cancer-associated Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens, and the expression and activity of ppGalNAc-T, the key enzyme responsible for the first step of mucin-type O-glycosylation. Using immunohistochemistry, Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens were detected mainly in the tegument (microtriches) and in parenchymal cells. Tn expression was also observed in lateral nerve cords. Both Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens were detected in in vitro cultured parasites. Based on their electrophoretic mobility, Tn- and sialyl-Tn-bearing glycoproteins from M. vogae were separated into several components of 22 to 60 kDa. The observation that Tn and sialyl-Tn glycoproteins remained in the 0.6N perchloric acid-soluble fraction suggested that they could be good candidates for characterizing mucin-type glycosylation in this parasite. O-glycoproteins were purified and initially characterized using a proteomic approach. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue distribution of ppGalNAc-T revealed that this enzyme is expressed in the sub-tegumental region and in the parenchyma of the parasite. In M. vogae cultured in vitro, ppGalNAc-T was mainly detected in the suckers. Using a panel of 8 acceptor substrate synthetic peptides, we found that M. vogae ppGalNAc-T preferentially glycosylate threonine residues, the best substrates being peptides derived from human mucin MUC1 and from Trypanosoma cruzi mucin. These results suggest that M. vogae might represent a useful model to study O-glycosylation, and provide new research avenues for future studies on the glycopathobiology of helminth parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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