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Cattaneo GM, Varotto-Boccazzi I, Molteni R, Ronchetti F, Gabrieli P, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Otranto D, Montomoli E, Bandi C, Epis S. A novel chemically defined medium for the biotechnological and biomedical exploitation of the cell factory Leishmania tarentolae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9562. [PMID: 38671070 PMCID: PMC11053126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of media for cell culture is a major issue in the biopharmaceutical industry, for the production of therapeutics, immune-modulating molecules and protein antigens. Chemically defined media offer several advantages, as they are free of animal-derived components and guarantee high purity and a consistency in their composition. Microorganisms of the genus Leishmania represent a promising cellular platform for production of recombinant proteins, but their maintenance requires supplements of animal origin, such as hemin and fetal bovine serum. In the present study, three chemically defined media were assayed for culturing Leishmania tarentolae, using both a wild-type strain and a strain engineered to produce a viral antigen. Among the three media, Schneider's Drosophila Medium supplemented with Horseradish Peroxidase proved to be effective for the maintenance of L. tarentolae promastigotes, also allowing the heterologous protein production by the engineered strain. Finally, the engineered strain was maintained in culture up to the 12th week without antibiotic, revealing its capability to produce the recombinant protein in the absence of selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric CRC 'Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Molteni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric CRC 'Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Republic of China
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- VisMederi, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric CRC 'Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Pediatric CRC 'Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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Torres Suarez E, Granados-Falla DS, Robledo SM, Murillo J, Upegui Y, Delgado G. Antileishmanial activity of synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring quinolone alkaloid N-methyl-8-methoxyflindersin. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243392. [PMID: 33370295 PMCID: PMC7769561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected, parasitic tropical disease caused by an intracellular protozoan from the genus Leishmania. Quinoline alkaloids, secondary metabolites found in plants from the Rutaceae family, have antiparasitic activity against Leishmania sp. N-methyl-8-methoxyflindersin (1), isolated from the leaves of Raputia heptaphylla and also known as 7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H,5H,6H-pyran[3,2-c]quinolin-5-one, shows antiparasitic activity against Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes. This study used in silico tools to identify synthetic quinoline alkaloids having structure similar to that of compound 1 and then tested these quinoline alkaloids for their in vitro antiparasitic activity against Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis, in vivo therapeutic response in hamsters suffering from experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and ex vivo immunomodulatory potential in healthy donors’ human peripheral blood (monocyte)-derived macrophages (hMDMs). Compounds 1 (natural), 2 (synthetic), and 8 (synthetic) were effective against intracellular promastigotes (9.9, 3.4, and 1.6 μg/mL medial effective concentration [EC50], respectively) and amastigotes (5.07, 7.94, and 1.91 μg/mL EC50, respectively). Compound 1 increased nitric oxide production in infected hMDMs and triggered necrosis-related ultrastructural alterations in intracellular amastigotes, while compound 2 stimulated oxidative breakdown in hMDMs and caused ultrastructural alterations in the parasite 4 h posttreatment, and compound 8 failed to induce macrophage modulation but selectively induced apoptosis of infected hMDMs and alterations in the intracellular parasite ultrastructure. In addition, synthetic compounds 2 and 8 improved the health of hamsters suffering from experimental CL, without evidence of treatment-associated adverse toxic effects. Therefore, synthetic compounds 2 and 8 are potential therapeutic candidates for topical treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Torres Suarez
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunotoxicología, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Susana Granados-Falla
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunotoxicología, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sara María Robledo
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Javier Murillo
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yulieth Upegui
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Delgado
- Grupo de Investigación en Inmunotoxicología, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Baek KH, Piel L, Rosazza T, Prina E, Späth GF, No JH. Infectivity and Drug Susceptibility Profiling of Different Leishmania-Host Cell Combinations. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050393. [PMID: 32443883 PMCID: PMC7281264 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a spectrum of a disease that threatens public health worldwide. Although next-generation therapeutics are urgently needed, the early stage of the drug discovery process is hampered by very low hit rates from intracellular Leishmania phenotypic high-throughput screenings. Designing and applying a physiologically relevant in vitro assay is therefore in high demand. In this study, we characterized the infectivity, morphology, and drug susceptibility of different Leishmania and host cell infection combinations. Primary bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) and differentiated human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cells were infected with amastigote or promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani. Regardless of host cell types, amastigotes were generally well phagocytosed and showed high infectivity, whereas promastigotes, especially those of L. donovani, had predominantly remained in the extracellular space. In the drug susceptibility test, miltefosine and sodium stibogluconate (SSG) showed varying ranges of activity with 14 and >10-fold differences in susceptibility, depending on the host-parasite pairs, indicating the importance of assay conditions for evaluating antileishmanial activity. Overall, our results suggest that combinations of Leishmania species, infection forms, and host cells must be carefully optimized to evaluate the activity of potential therapeutic compounds against Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwa Baek
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea;
| | - Laura Piel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 75015 Paris, France; (L.P.); (T.R.); (E.P.); (G.F.S.)
| | - Thibault Rosazza
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 75015 Paris, France; (L.P.); (T.R.); (E.P.); (G.F.S.)
| | - Eric Prina
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 75015 Paris, France; (L.P.); (T.R.); (E.P.); (G.F.S.)
| | - Gerald F. Späth
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 75015 Paris, France; (L.P.); (T.R.); (E.P.); (G.F.S.)
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-8018-8210
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Schwarz NG, Loderstaedt U, Hahn A, Hinz R, Zautner AE, Eibach D, Fischer M, Hagen RM, Frickmann H. Microbiological laboratory diagnostics of neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs). Acta Trop 2017; 165:40-65. [PMID: 26391646 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review reports on laboratory diagnostic approaches for selected, highly pathogenic neglected zoonotic diseases, i.e. anthrax, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, echinococcosis, leishmaniasis, rabies, Taenia solium-associated diseases (neuro-/cysticercosis & taeniasis) and trypanosomiasis. Diagnostic options, including microscopy, culture, matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, molecular approaches and serology are introduced. These procedures are critically discussed regarding their diagnostic reliability and state of evaluation. For rare diseases reliable evaluation data are scarce due to the rarity of samples. If bio-safety level 3 is required for cultural growth, but such high standards of laboratory infrastructure are not available, serological and molecular approaches from inactivated sample material might be alternatives. Multiple subsequent testing using various test platforms in a stepwise approach may improve sensitivity and specificity. Cheap and easy to use tests, usually called "rapid diagnostic tests" (RDTs) may impact disease control measures, but should not preclude developing countries from state of the art diagnostics.
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Gutiérrez J, Vallejo B, Barbosa H, Pinzón J, Delgado G. In vitroanalysis regarding the safety of components used in a film-based therapeutic system loaded with meglumine antimoniate and its activity towardLeishmania majorexperimental infections: a preliminary study. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:321-8. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.768635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Evenson WE, Boden LM, Muzikar KA, O'Leary DJ. 1H and 13C NMR assignments for the cyanine dyes SYBR Safe and thiazole orange. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10967-71. [PMID: 23137048 DOI: 10.1021/jo3021659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of (1)H and (13)C NMR and mass spectral data for the fluorescent nucleic acid stain SYBR Safe indicates that it contains a cyanine-based cationic core structure identical to thiazole orange. The difference between these two compounds is the type of N-substitution on the quinolinium ring system (SYBR Safe, n-Pr; thiazole orange, Me). The (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances for both compounds were assigned on the basis of one- and two-dimensional (COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC) experiments. The preferred conformation of these compounds was computed by ab initio methods and found to be consistent with the NMR data.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Evenson
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, 645 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, USA
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Frickmann H, Alnamar Y, Essig A, Clos J, Racz P, Barth TF, Hagen RM, Fischer M, Poppert S. Rapid identification ofLeishmaniaspp. in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples by fluorescencein situhybridization. Trop Med Int Health 2012; 17:1117-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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