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Brice B, Gao H, Berto BP, Thomas G, Elloit A, Zahedi A. Identification and genetic characterization of a novel species of Choleoeimeria Schneider, 1875 from a captive-bred bilby (Thylacomyidae; Macrotis lagotis) (Reid, 1837) in Western Australia. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10933. [PMID: 38384821 PMCID: PMC10879838 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Eimeria sp. from a captive-bred bilby (Macrotis lagotis Reid, 1837) has been identified in Western Australia. The bilby was bred at the Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, Perth, as part of the National Bilby Recovery Plan. Oocysts (n = 31) irregular blunt ellipsoidal, 17-18 × 11-12 (17.2 × 11.3); length/width (L/W) ratio 1.4-1.5 (1.5). Wall bi-layered, 0.8-1.0 (0.9) thick, outer layer smooth, c.2/3 of total thickness. Micropyle barely discernible. Oocyst residuum is absent, but 2-3 small polar granules are present. Sporocysts (n = 31) ovoidal, 7-8 × 5-6 (7.8 × 5.7); L/W ratio 1.3-1.4 (1.4). Stieda, sub-Stieda and para-Stieda bodies absent or indiscernible; sporocyst residuum present, usually as an irregular body consisting of numerous granules that appear to be membrane-bound or sometimes diffuse among sporozoites. Sporozoites vermiform with a robust refractile body. Further molecular characterization was conducted on the sporulated oocysts. At the 18S locus, it sat in a large clade of the phylogenetic tree with two isolates of Eimeria angustus from quendas (Isoodon obesulus Shaw, 1797) and the Choleoeimeria spp. It shared the highest identity with E. angustus (KU248093) at 98.84%; at the COI gene locus, it was unique and most closely related to Choleoeimeria taggarti, which is hosted by another species of marsupial, the yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinus flavipes flavipes), with 90.58% genetic similarity. Based on morphological and molecular data, this isolate is a new species and named as Choleoeimeria yangi n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Brice
- Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation CentreLesmurdieWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Huimin Gao
- Institute of Cash CropsHebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesShijiazhuangChina
| | - Bruno P. Berto
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Gwyneth Thomas
- Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation CentreLesmurdieWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Aileen Elloit
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Alireza Zahedi
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
- The Centre of Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Next-generation sequencing amplicon analysis of the genetic diversity of Eimeria populations in livestock and wildlife samples from Australia. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:615-624. [PMID: 36544013 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria is an important coccidian enteric parasite that infects a wide range of hosts and can cause substantial economic losses in the poultry and livestock industries. It is common for multiple Eimeria species to infect individual hosts, and this can make species identification difficult due to morphological similarities between species and mixed chromatograms when using Sanger sequencing. Relatively few studies have applied next-generation amplicon sequencing (NGS) to determining the genetic diversity of Eimeria species in different hosts. The present study screened 408 faecal samples from a range of hosts including livestock and wildlife using a previously developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at the 18S locus and conducted amplicon NGS on the positives using a ~ 455-bp fragment of the 18S locus. A total of 41 positives (10.1%) were identified by qPCR from various hosts and NGS was successful for 38 of these positives. Fifteen Eimeria species and three genotypes were detected by NGS: E. ferrisi, E. kanyana, E. potoroi, E. quokka, E. setonicis, E. trichosuri, E. reichenowi, E. angustus, E. ahsata, E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. brasiliensis, E. christenseni, E. crandallis, E. ovinoidalis, Eimeria sp. (JF419345), Eimeria sp. (JF419349) and Eimeria sp. (JF419351). Mixed infections were detected in 55.3% (21/38) of positive samples. The most striking finding was the identification of the same species in different hosts. This could be due to contamination and/or mechanical transmission or may provide support for previous studies suggesting that Eimeria species can infect not just closely related hosts but different genera and further research is required. This is also the first study to audit Eimeria populations in livestock (sheep and cattle) by NGS and could be applied in the future to determine the extent of pathogenic species and outcomes of Eimeria control strategies.
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Ekawasti F, Kitagawa K, Domae H, Wardhana AH, Shibahara T, Uni S, Tokoro M, Sasai K, Matsubayashi M. Molecular identification of Eimeria hestermani and Eimeria prionotemni from a red-necked wallaby (Macropodidae; Macropus rufogriseus) in Japan. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1271-1279. [PMID: 32072327 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To date, more than 50 Eimeria spp. have been isolated from marsupials of the family Macropodidae. Although 18 species of Eimeria have been previously detected from multiple animal species belonging to the genus Macropus of the family, limited genetic analyses of the parasites are available, and their pathogenicity remains unclear. Here, we report the isolation of Eimeria spp. from a zoo specimen of red-necked wallaby (Macropodidae; Macropus rufogriseus). Specifically, two distinct types of Eimeria oocysts were recovered, one from the feces before treatment with an anthelmintic and the second from the intestinal contents after death of the animal. The oocysts obtained from the two sources were morphologically identified as E. hestermani and E. prionotemni, respectively. We successfully determined partial gene sequences from the two isolates, including segments of the 18S rRNA genes, and for the first time have used phylogenetic analyses of these sequences to assign the species to distinct clades. In combination with further genetic data, these results are expected to help elucidate the pathogenicity and host ranges of Eimeria spp. within the respective family and genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitrine Ekawasti
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia.,Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.,Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | | | | | - April Hari Wardhana
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, 16114, Indonesia.,Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.,Division of Pathology and Pathophysiology, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Uni
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, 650-0046, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tokoro
- Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sasai
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan. .,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia. .,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.
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Northover AS, Keatley S, Elliot AD, Hobbs RP, Yang R, Lymbery AJ, Godfrey SS, Wayne AF, Thompson RCA. Identification of a novel species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 from the woylie, Bettongia penicillata Gray (Diprotodontia: Potoroidae) and the genetic characterisation of three Eimeria spp. from other potoroid marsupials. Syst Parasitol 2019; 96:553-563. [PMID: 31332672 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-019-09870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Faecal samples (n = 1,093) collected from the woylie Bettongia penicillata Gray, in south-western Australia were examined for the presence of coccidian parasites. Eimeria sp. oöcysts were detected in 15.2% of samples. Faecal samples obtained from the eastern bettong Bettongia gaimardi (Desmarest) (n = 4) and long-nosed potoroo Potorous tridactylus (Kerr) (n = 12) in Tasmania, were also screened for the presence of Eimeria spp. (prevalence 50% and 41.7%, respectively). Morphological and genetic comparison with other known species of Eimeria indicates that the material identified in woylies is novel. This study aimed to (i) morphologically describe and genetically characterise Eimeria woyliei n. sp. found in woylies; and (ii) genetically characterise Eimeria gaimardi Barker, O'Callaghan & Beveridge, 1988, Eimeria potoroi Barker, O'Callaghan & Beveridge, 1988, and Eimeria mundayi Barker, O'Callaghan & Beveridge, 1988, from other potoroid marsupials. Molecular phylogenetic analyses conducted at the 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) loci revealed that E. woyliei n. sp. was most closely related to Eimeria setonicis Barker, O'Callaghan & Beveridge, 1988, at the 18S rDNA locus, and Eimeria trichosuri O'Callaghan & O'Donoghue, 2001, at the cox1 locus. Eimeria woyliei n. sp. is the sixth species of Eimeria to be formally described from potoroid marsupials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Northover
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
| | - Sarah Keatley
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Aileen D Elliot
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Russell P Hobbs
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Rongchang Yang
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Alan J Lymbery
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Stephanie S Godfrey
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 362 Leith Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Adrian F Wayne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Brain Street, Manjimup, WA, 6258, Australia
| | - R C Andrew Thompson
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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Couso-Pérez S, Ares-Mazás E, Gómez-Couso H. First molecular data on Eimeria truttae from brown trout (Salmo trutta). Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2121-2127. [PMID: 31073829 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Eimeria comprises obligate intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Members of this genus cause enteric disease in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. A total of 157 species of Eimeria that parasitize fish have been described; however, molecular information regarding these piscine parasites is scarce. In the present study, Eimeria oocysts were detected in 189 of 613 (30.8%) gastrointestinal tracts of brown trout (Salmo trutta) captured in several rivers in Galicia (NW Spain). Measurements of the sporulated oocysts, sporocysts, and other morphological characteristics enabled identification of the oocysts as Eimeria truttae. By molecular analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene, a single sequence of ~ 420 bp was obtained in 100 fish samples. After amplification of a ~ 1300-bp fragment of the same locus, two representative sequences that exhibited five nucleotide differences were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the samples within the piscine clade closest to Eimeria nemethi as they exhibited 96.7% similarity with this species. This study is the first to characterize E. truttae at the molecular level, thus helping to clarify the phylogenetic relationships between this and other Eimeria species isolated from fish and contributing further to the knowledge about this protozoan parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seila Couso-Pérez
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elvira Ares-Mazás
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Hipólito Gómez-Couso
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
- Institute of Food Research and Analysis, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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Morphological and molecular diagnosis of Eimeria sp. that caused fatality in a red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) in Korea. Parasitol Int 2019; 71:147-150. [PMID: 30980896 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus) in the Republic of Korea, introduced from Australia, died in 12 d after exhibiting anorexia and diarrhea. Postmortem examination revealed that the wallaby died due to coccidiosis by Eimeria sp. Morphologically, Eimeria sp. identified closely resembled E. mykytowyczi. The 18S rRNA sequence analysis showed that Eimeria sp. identified in this study has a 98.5% identity with that in Australian red kangaroo (M. rufus). However, owing to insufficient molecular information on marsupial-specific Eimeria, exact species could not be determined. Phylogenetically, Eimeria sp. identified in this study belonged to clade five of the marsupial group.
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Sharma D, Singh NK, Singh H, Joachim A, Rath SS, Blake DP. Discrimination, molecular characterisation and phylogenetic comparison of porcine Eimeria spp. in India. Vet Parasitol 2018; 255:43-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hillman AE, Yang R, Lymbery AJ, Thompson RA. Eimeria spp. infecting quenda (Isoodon obesulus) in the greater Perth region, Western Australia. Exp Parasitol 2016; 170:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chapman PA, Owen H, Flint M, Traub RJ, Cribb TH, Mills PC. Molecular Characterization of Coccidia Associated with an Epizootic in Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in South East Queensland, Australia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149962. [PMID: 26901786 PMCID: PMC4763108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the spring of 2014, mass mortalities among wild green sea turtles occurred off the coast of south-east Queensland, Australia. The suspected causative agent was Caryospora cheloniae, an eimeriid coccidian implicated in previous epizootics. Necropsies were undertaken on a subset of 11 dead turtles, with subsequent histopathology and molecular analyses. All turtles returned positive PCR results for coccidial infection in various tissues; these included the brain, gastrointestinal tract, lung, kidney and thyroid. Granulomatous encephalitis was consistently observed, as well as enteritis and, less frequently, thyroiditis and nephritis. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of two distinct coccidian genotypes, presumably separate species—one associated with the brain, gastrointestinal tract and lung, and the second with the thyroid and kidney. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses placed the first genotype closest to the lankesterellid genus Schellackia, rather than in the Eimeriidae, while the second was paraphyletic to the eimeriids. Presence of coccidial stages in extra-intestinal tissues of the primary host raises questions about the potential presence of intermediate or paratenic hosts within the life cycles, as well as their current placement relative to the genus Caryospora. This study represents the first genetic characterization of this emerging disease agent in green sea turtles, an endangered species, and has relevance for life-cycle elucidation and future development of diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A. Chapman
- Veterinary-Marine Animal Research Teaching and Investigation Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Helen Owen
- Veterinary-Marine Animal Research Teaching and Investigation Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Flint
- Veterinary-Marine Animal Research Teaching and Investigation Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, The Florida Aquarium’s Center for Conservation, Apollo Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J. Traub
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas H. Cribb
- School of Biological Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul C. Mills
- Veterinary-Marine Animal Research Teaching and Investigation Unit, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
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Eimeria collieie n. sp. (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae) from the western long-necked turtle (Chelodina colliei). Exp Parasitol 2015; 154:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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