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Next-generation sequencing amplicon analysis of the genetic diversity of Eimeria populations in livestock and wildlife samples from Australia. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:615-624. [PMID: 36544013 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eimeria is an important coccidian enteric parasite that infects a wide range of hosts and can cause substantial economic losses in the poultry and livestock industries. It is common for multiple Eimeria species to infect individual hosts, and this can make species identification difficult due to morphological similarities between species and mixed chromatograms when using Sanger sequencing. Relatively few studies have applied next-generation amplicon sequencing (NGS) to determining the genetic diversity of Eimeria species in different hosts. The present study screened 408 faecal samples from a range of hosts including livestock and wildlife using a previously developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at the 18S locus and conducted amplicon NGS on the positives using a ~ 455-bp fragment of the 18S locus. A total of 41 positives (10.1%) were identified by qPCR from various hosts and NGS was successful for 38 of these positives. Fifteen Eimeria species and three genotypes were detected by NGS: E. ferrisi, E. kanyana, E. potoroi, E. quokka, E. setonicis, E. trichosuri, E. reichenowi, E. angustus, E. ahsata, E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. brasiliensis, E. christenseni, E. crandallis, E. ovinoidalis, Eimeria sp. (JF419345), Eimeria sp. (JF419349) and Eimeria sp. (JF419351). Mixed infections were detected in 55.3% (21/38) of positive samples. The most striking finding was the identification of the same species in different hosts. This could be due to contamination and/or mechanical transmission or may provide support for previous studies suggesting that Eimeria species can infect not just closely related hosts but different genera and further research is required. This is also the first study to audit Eimeria populations in livestock (sheep and cattle) by NGS and could be applied in the future to determine the extent of pathogenic species and outcomes of Eimeria control strategies.
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Berto BP, Brice B, Thomas G, Elloit A, Zahedi A, Yang R. Eimeria spp. and Tyzzeria perniciosa Allen, 1936 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from a Pacific black duck, Anas superciliosa Gmelin (Aves: Anseriformes), in western Australia. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 2:100075. [PMID: 36589875 PMCID: PMC9795352 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Four species of the Eimeriidae, Eimeria anatis Scholtyseck, 1955, Eimeria aythyae Farr, 1965, Eimeria krylovi Svanbaev & Rakhmatullina, 1967 and Tyzzeria perniciosa Allen, 1936, were morphologically identified from oöcysts recovered from a Pacific black duck, Anas superciliosa Gmelin. Additionally, genotypic characterization of E. anatis is provided via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S) genes. The four species are redescribed, providing additional morphological details. The validity of genera and coccidian species parasitizing birds of the order Anseriformes such as Wenyonella Hoare, 1933 and some Tyzzeria spp. are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic analyses for the cox1 and 18S rRNA genes resulted in monophylies of Eimeria spp. from Anseriformes which included the sequences obtained from E. anatis oöcysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P. Berto
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465 km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil,Corresponding author.
| | - Belinda Brice
- Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, 120 Gilchrist Road, Lesmurdie, WA 6076, Australia
| | - Gwyneth Thomas
- Kanyana Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, 120 Gilchrist Road, Lesmurdie, WA 6076, Australia
| | - Aileen Elloit
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Alireza Zahedi
- The Centre of Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Rongchang Yang
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia,Australian National Phenome Centre, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia,Corresponding author. College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Harry Perkins Building, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
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Jacobson ER, Ossiboff RJ, Paquet-Durand I, Childress AL, Barrett H, Marlin J, McAllister CT, Walden HDS. A NEW COCCIDIAN (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) IN THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED CENTRAL AMERICAN RIVER TURTLE (DERMATEMYS MAWII) IN BELIZE. J Parasitol 2022; 108:93-99. [PMID: 35192694 DOI: 10.1645/21-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of a biannual health examination, coprological samples from 3-mo-old Central American river turtles, Dermatemys mawii (Gray, 1847) in a breeding program in Belize, Central America, revealed a previously undescribed coccidian (Apicomplexa) in 17 of 46 (37%) samples. Of 3 positive fecal samples transported to the University of Florida, coccidian oocysts were observed in 1 sample. Sporulated oocysts were measured and described, and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an approximately 400-base pair (bp) region of both the small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA gene and 1,200-bp region of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene were amplified in all 3 samples and their products were sequenced. For comparative value, the same PCR reactions and amplifications were performed on a fecal sample containing oocysts of Eimeria mitraria obtained from a red-eared slider, Trachemys scripta elegans. Results indicated a new eimerian in D. mawii, Eimeria grayi n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott R Jacobson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Robert J Ossiboff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | | | - April L Childress
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Heather Barrett
- Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education, Mile Marker 58, Southern Highway, Toledo, Belize, Central America
| | - Jacob Marlin
- Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education, Mile Marker 58, Southern Highway, Toledo, Belize, Central America
| | - Chris T McAllister
- Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, Oklahoma 74745
| | - Heather D S Walden
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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Kočíková B, Majláth I, Majláthová V. The Occurrence of Protozoan Parasites (Schellackia sp. Reichenow, 1919, Tritrichomonas sp. Kofoid, 1920, and Proteromonas sp. Kunstler, 1883) in Lacertid Lizards from Selected Localities in Europe. COMP PARASITOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-85.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Božena Kočíková
- Institute of Parasitology SAS, Hlinkova 3, Košice, Slovakia and
| | - Igor Majláth
- P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Moyzesova 11, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Majláthová
- Institute of Parasitology SAS, Hlinkova 3, Košice, Slovakia and
- P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Moyzesova 11, Košice, Slovakia
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Ogedengbe ME, El-Sherry S, Ogedengbe JD, Chapman HD, Barta JR. Phylogenies based on combined mitochondrial and nuclear sequences conflict with morphologically defined genera in the eimeriid coccidia (Apicomplexa). Int J Parasitol 2017; 48:59-69. [PMID: 28989067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Partial mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and near-complete nuclear (nu) 18S rDNA sequences were obtained from various eimeriid coccidia infecting vertebrates. New and published sequences were used in phylogenetic reconstructions based on nu 18S rDNA, mt COI and concatenated sequence datasets. Bayesian analyses of nu 18S rDNA sequences used secondary structure-based alignments with a doublet nucleotide substitution model; the codon nucleotide substitution model was applied to COI sequences. Although alignment of the mt COI sequences was unambiguous, substitution saturation was evident for comparisons of COI sequences between ingroup (eimeriid) and outgroup (sarcocystid) taxa. Consequently, a combined dataset applying partition-specific analytical and alignment improvements was used to generate a robust molecular phylogeny. Most eimeriid parasites that infect closely related definitive hosts were found in close proximity on the resulting tree, frequently in a single clade. Whether this represents coevolution or co-accommodation or a combination remains an open point. Unlike host associations, basic oocyst configuration (number of sporocysts per oocyst and sporozoites per sporocyst) was not correlated with phylogeny. Neither 'Eimeria-type' nor 'Isospora-type' oocyst morphotypes formed monophyletic groups. In the combined dataset tree (representing only a tiny fraction of described eimeriid coccidia), at least 10 clades of Eimeria spp. would need to be re-assigned to nine distinct genera to resolve their paraphyly. The apparent lack of congruence between morphotype and genotype will require taxonomists to balance nomenclatural stability and diagnostic ease against the ideal of monophyletic genera. For now, recognition of paraphyletic eimeriid genera defined by basic oocyst configuration may be necessary for reasons of taxonomic stability and diagnostic utility. Future taxonomic revisions to produce monophyletic eimeriid genera will ultimately require the identification of reliable phenotypic characters that agree with the molecular phylogeny of these parasites or, less optimally, acceptance that genotyping may be needed to support monophyletic supraspecific taxonomic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosun E Ogedengbe
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shiem El-Sherry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | | | - H David Chapman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - John R Barta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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