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Meng X, Liu X, Bao Y, Luo T, Wang J. Effect of citric acid on cell membrane structure and function of Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae057. [PMID: 38449343 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the changes of cell membrane structure and function of Issatchenkia terricola under citric acid by performing physiological analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS The membrane integrity, surface hydrophobicity, structure, fluidity, apoptosis, and fatty acid methyl esters composition of I. terricola WJL-G4 cells were determined by propidium iodide staining, microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon test, transmission electron microscopy analysis, fluorescence anisotropy, flow cytometry, and gas chromatography-mass, respectively. The results showed that with the increasing of citric acid concentrations, the cell vitality, membrane integrity, and fluidity of I. terricola reduced; meanwhile, apoptosis rate, membrane permeable, hydrophobicity, and ergosterol contents augmented significantly. Compared to control, the activities of Na+, K+-ATPase, and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase increased by 3.73-fold and 6.70-fold, respectively, when citric acid concentration increased to 20 g l-1. The cells cracked and their cytoplasm effused when the citric acid concentration reached 80 g l-1. CONCLUSIONS I. terricola could successfully adjust its membrane structure and function below 60 g l-1 of citric acid. However, for citric acid concentrations above 80 g l-1, its structure and function were dramatically changed, which might result in reduced functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing St., Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing St., Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yihong Bao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing St., Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, No. 26, Hexing St., Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 999, Xuefu St., Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing St., Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, No. 26, Hexing St., Harbin 150040, China
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Jiang X, Cao J, Ye Z, Klobučar G, Li M. Microplastics - Back to Reality: Impact of Pristine and Aged Microplastics in Soil on Earthworm Eisenia fetida under Environmentally Relevant Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16788-16799. [PMID: 37897490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, studies have highlighted the potential danger for soil organisms posed by film-derived microplastics (MPs). However, the majority of those does not accurately reflect the field conditions and the degree of MP contamination that can be found in actual settings. To fill the gap between laboratory and field scenarios, the polyethylene (PE) plastic film was made into PE-MPs and aged. Toxicity and molecular mechanisms of pristine PE-MPs (PMPs) and aged PE-MPs (AMPs) with the concentration at 500 mg/kg of dry weight were determined after 14 days of exposure by measuring the oxidative stress, osmoregulation pressure, gut microbiota, and metabolic responses in earthworms under environmentally relevant conditions. Our research showed that, when compared to PMPs (13.13 ± 1.99 items/g), AMPs accumulated more (16.19 ± 8.47 items/g), caused more severe tissue lesions, and caused a higher increase of cell membrane osmotic pressure in earthworms' intestines. Furthermore, the proportion of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus johnsonii in the gut bacterial communities was 24.26%, 23.26%, and 12.96%, while the proportion of pathogenic bacteria of the phylum Verrucomicrobia was 2.28%, 4.79%, and 10.39% in the control and PMP- and AMP-exposed earthworms, indicating that the decrease in number of probiotic bacteria and the increase in number of pathogenic bacteria were more pronounced in the gut of AMP- rather than PMP-exposed earthworms. Metabolomic analysis showed that AMP exposure reduced earthworm energy metabolites. Consequently, the constant need for energy may result in protein catabolism, which raises levels of some amino acids, disturbs normal cell homeostasis, causes changes of cell membrane osmolarity, and destroys the cell structure. Our studies showed that aged MPs, with the same characteristics as those found in the environment, have greater toxicity than pristine MPs. The results of this study broaden our understanding of the toxicological effects of MPs on soil organisms under environmentally relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Nie W, Chen X, Tang Y, Xu N, Zhang H. Potential dsRNAs can be delivered to aquatic for defense pathogens. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1066799. [PMID: 36466329 PMCID: PMC9712207 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics to facilitate resistance to pathogens in aquatic animals is a traditional method of pathogen control that is harmful to the environment and human health. RNAi is an emerging technology in which homologous small RNA molecules target specific genes for degradation, and it has already shown success in laboratory experiments. However, further research is needed before it can be applied in aquafarms. Many laboratories inject the dsRNA into aquatic animals for RNAi, which is obviously impractical and very time consuming in aquafarms. Therefore, to enable the use of RNAi on a large scale, the methods used to prepare dsRNA need to be continuously in order to be fast and efficient. At the same time, it is necessary to consider the issue of biological safety. This review summarizes the key harmful genes associated with aquatic pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) and provides potential targets for the preparation of dsRNA; it also lists some current examples where RNAi technology is used to control aquatic species, as well as how to deliver dsRNA to the target hydrobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Guo X, Han T, Tan L, Zhao T, Zhu X, Huang W, Lin K, Zhang N, Wang J. The allelopathy and underlying mechanism of Skeletonema costatum on Karenia mikimotoi integrating transcriptomics profiling. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 242:106042. [PMID: 34861574 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The roles of allelopathy for succession of marine phytoplankton communities remain controversial, especially for the development of blooms. Physiological parameters measurement (Fv/Fm value, MDA content, SOD activity, Na+/K+, Ca2+/ Mg2+-ATPase activity, cell size, chlorophyll content, apoptosis and cell cycle) and whole transcriptome profiling analysis were used to investigate allelopathy effect of Skeletonema costatum on Karenia mikimotoi. Filtrate and extracts from S. costatum culture inhibited the growth of K. mikimotoi. Allelopathic effects were dose-dependent for filtrate culture and extract culture. K. mikimotoi scavenged excessive ROS and adapted to the stress fastly and easily, so oxidative damage was not the main cause of the growth inhibition. Allelochemicals of S. costatum were found to influence the structure and function of cell membrane of K. mikimotoi by damaging membrane structure till to cell necrosis, which caused high mortality. Coupled with the sensitivity of algal cells to environmental stress and restricted cell cycle, allelopathy was suggested to be deeply detrimental to the development of competition algal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Tongzhu Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, PCR, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Wenqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Heat preadaptation improved the ability of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii to salt stress: a combined physiological and transcriptomic analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 105:259-270. [PMID: 33216160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii plays important roles in the brewing process of fermented foods such as soy sauce, where salt stress is a frequently encountered condition. In this study, effect of heat preadaptation on salt tolerance of Z. rouxii and the protective mechanisms underlying heat preadaptation were investigated based on physiological and transcriptomic analyses. Results showed that cells subjected to heat preadaptation (37 °C, 90 min) prior to salt stress aroused many physiological responses, including maintaining cell surface smooth and intracellular pH level, increasing Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Cells subjected to heat preadaptation increased the amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic C16:1, oleic C18:1, linoleic C18:2) and decreased the amounts of saturated fatty acids (palmitic C16:0, stearic C18:0) which caused the unsaturation degree (unsaturated/saturated = U/S ratio) increased by 2.4 times when compared with cells without preadaptation under salt stress. Besides, salt stress led to increase in contents of 5 amino acids (valine, proline, threonine, glycine, and tyrosine) and decrease of 2 amino acids (serine and lysine). When comparing the cells pre-exposed to heat preadaptation followed by challenged with salt stress and the cells without preadaptation under salt stress, the serine, threonine, and lysine contents increased significantly. RNA sequencing revealed that the metabolic level of glycolysis by Z. rouxii was weakened, while the metabolic levels of the pentose phosphate pathway and the riboflavin were enhanced in cells during heat preadaptation. Results presented in this study may contribute to understand the bases of adaptive responses in Z. rouxii and rationalize its exploitation in industrial processes.Key points• Heat preadaptation can improve high salinity tolerance of Z. rouxii.• Combined physiological and transcriptomic analyses of heat preadaptation mechanisms.• Provide theoretical support for the application of Z. rouxii.
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Kumari J, Rathore MS. Na+/K+-ATPase a Primary Membrane Transporter: An Overview and Recent Advances with Special Reference to Algae. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:191-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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