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Quek S, Hadermann A, Wu Y, De Coninck L, Hegde S, Boucher JR, Cresswell J, Foreman E, Steven A, LaCourse EJ, Ward SA, Wanji S, Hughes GL, Patterson EI, Wagstaff SC, Turner JD, Parry RH, Kohl A, Heinz E, Otabil KB, Matthijnssens J, Colebunders R, Taylor MJ. Diverse RNA viruses of parasitic nematodes can elicit antibody responses in vertebrate hosts. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2488-2505. [PMID: 39232205 PMCID: PMC11445058 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes have an intimate, chronic and lifelong exposure to vertebrate tissues. Here we mined 41 published parasitic nematode transcriptomes from vertebrate hosts and identified 91 RNA viruses across 13 virus orders from 24 families in ~70% (28 out of 41) of parasitic nematode species, which include only 5 previously reported viruses. We observe widespread distribution of virus-nematode associations across multiple continents, suggesting an ancestral acquisition event and host-virus co-evolution. Characterization of viruses of Brugia malayi (BMRV1) and Onchocerca volvulus (OVRV1) shows that these viruses are abundant in reproductive tissues of adult parasites. Importantly, the presence of BMRV1 RNA in B. malayi parasites mounts an RNA interference response against BMRV1 suggesting active viral replication. Finally, BMRV1 and OVRV1 were found to elicit antibody responses in serum samples from infected jirds and infected or exposed humans, indicating direct exposure to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Quek
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Amber Hadermann
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yang Wu
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lander De Coninck
- Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shrilakshmi Hegde
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jordan R Boucher
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jessica Cresswell
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ella Foreman
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Steven
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - E James LaCourse
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen A Ward
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samuel Wanji
- Parasite and Vector Biology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and the Environment (REFOTDE), Buea, Cameroon
| | - Grant L Hughes
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Departments of Tropical Disease Biology and Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edward I Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon C Wagstaff
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph D Turner
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhys H Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alain Kohl
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Departments of Tropical Disease Biology and Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eva Heinz
- Departments of Vector Biology and Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kenneth Bentum Otabil
- Consortium for Neglected Tropical Diseases and One Health, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mark J Taylor
- Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
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Thekke-Veetil T, McCoppin NK, Domier LL, Hajimorad M, Lambert KN, Lim HS, Hartman GL. Transient expression of a luciferase mRNA in plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes by electroporation. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 250:111489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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