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Darwish IA, Alzoman NZ, Abuhejail RM. Development of Green and High-Throughput Microwell Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Galidesivir in Bulk Drug and Dosage Forms Based on Simple Oxidimetric Reactions With Inorganic Agents. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:529-537. [PMID: 38521540 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galidesivir hydrochloride (GDV) is a new potent and safe antiviral drug used for the treatment of a broad spectrum of viral diseases, including COVID-19. In the literature, no analytical method exists for the determination of GDV in bulk or dosage form. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was the investigation of oxidation reactions of GDV with five inorganic oxidizing reagents and the employment of the reactions in the development of five green microwell spectrophotometric methods (MW-SPMs) with simple procedure and high throughputs for determination of GDV in its bulk and dosage forms (capsules). METHODS The reactions were carried out in 96-well plates, and the absorbances of reaction solutions were measured by an absorbance microplate reader. Variables influencing the reactions were carefully investigated and optimized. RESULTS Under the refined optimum conditions, Beer's law with excellent correlation coefficients (0.9992-0.9997) was followed in GDV concentrations in a general range of 5-700 µg/mL, and the limits of detection were ≥1.8 µg/mL. All validation parameters of all methods were acceptable. The methods were successfully applied to the analysis of GDV in bulk drug and capsules with high accuracy and precision; the recovery percentages were 98.6-101.2 ± 0.58-1.14%. The greenness of MW-SPMs was evaluated by three comprehensive metric tools, which demonstrated the adherence of MW-SPMs to the principles of the green analytical chemistry (GAC) approach. CONCLUSIONS The proposed MW-SPMs combined the advantages of microwell-based practice and the use of common laboratory reagents for the analysis. The advantages of microwell analysis were the high throughput, readily available for semi-automation, reduced samples/reagents volume, precise measurements, and versatility. The advantages of using common laboratory reagents were the availability, consistency, compatibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness. HIGHLIGHTS Overall, the proposed MW-SPMs are versatile, valuable tools for the quantitation of GDV during its pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Z Alzoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Abuhejail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Omar MA, Mohamed AM, Nagy DM, Salem H, Abdelmageed OH. Highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric procedure for the assay of phenothiazine derivatives in the presence of their sulfoxide oxidized product. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1134-1141. [PMID: 32696623 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A validated straightforward and sensitive spectrofluorimetric procedure was developed to assay trifluoperazine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, and perazine maleate. The procedure was dependent on oxidation of the investigated phenothiazines using a known excess of ammonium cerium sulfate as oxidizing agent and overseeing the fluorescence intensity of the resultant Ce3+ ion as the product of this reaction at λcx = 254 nm. and λem = 355 nm. Various parameters controlling the reaction were investigated and optimized. Linear calibration graphs were found in the general concentration range 5-30 ng/ml with a general correlation coefficient range 0.9994-0.9995. Limits of detection were 0.97, 0.70 and 0.56 ng/ml, whereas limits of quantification were 3.24, 2.12 and 1.89 ng/ml for trifluoperazine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride and perazine maleate, respectively. The procedure was implemented successfully for analyses of the cited drugs in their trade dosage preparations such as tablets and syrups. The effect of possible interference from common excipients and their sulfoxide oxidized product was studied and the procedure showed good recovery of the drugs under study in their available dosage preparations. The possible effect of structure variation of the studied drugs on the experimental conditions and sensitivity observed with each one was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Omar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia.,Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Maaboud Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Nagy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hesham Salem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Osama H Abdelmageed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kłysik K, Pietraszek A, Karewicz A, Nowakowska M. Acyclovir in the Treatment of Herpes Viruses – A Review. Curr Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180309105519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Herpes Simplex (HSV) viruses are widely spread, highly contagious
human pathogens. The statistics indicate that 50-90% of adults worldwide are seropositive for
these viruses, mainly HSV-1 and HSV-2. The primary infection results in the appearance of
watery blisters (cold sores) on the skin, lips, tongue, buccal mucosa or genitals. The ocular
infection is the major cause of corneal blindness in the Western World. Once the HSV virus
enters human body, it cannot be completely eradicated because HSV viruses are able to
change into their latent form which can survive the treatment. The viron resides in trigeminal
ganglia of the host, who becomes vulnerable to the reoccurrence of the disease during the
whole lifespan. The neurotropic and neuro-invasive properties of HSV are responsible for
neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease. Acyclovir and its analogues, being
the inhibitors of the viral DNA replication, are the only approved medicines for HSV infection
therapies.
Objective:
The current paper presents the up-to-date overview of the important pharmacological
features of acyclovir, its analogues and their delivery systems including the mechanism of
action, routes of administration, absorption and metabolism, as well as side effects of the therapy.
Conclusion:
Acyclovir remains the gold standard in the treatment of herpes virus infections,
mainly due to the emerging of the new delivery systems improving considerably its bioavailability.
The analogues of acyclovir, especially their esters, characterized by significantly
higher bioavailability and safety, may gradually replace acyclovir in selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kłysik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Pietraszek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Karewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Ahmed MJ, Islam MT, Farhana F. A highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of cerium at pico-trace levels in some real, environmental, biological, soil, food and bone samples using 2-(α-pyridyl)-thioquinaldinamide. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25609-25626. [PMID: 35530092 PMCID: PMC9070012 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A very simple, ultra-sensitive and highly selective non-extractive new spectrofluorimetric method is presented for the determination of cerium at pico-trace levels using 2-(α-pyridyl)-thioquinaldinamide (PTQA). PTQA has been proposed as a new analytical reagent for the direct non-extractive spectrofluorimetric determination of cerium(iv). This novel fluorimetric reagent, PTQA becomes oxidized in a slightly acidic (0.0005-0.0015 M H2SO4) solution with cerium(iv) in absolute ethanol to produce a highly fluorescent oxidized product (λ ex = 303 nm; λ em = 370 nm). Constant and maximum fluorescence intensities were observed over a wide range of acidity (0.0005-0.0015 M H2SO4) for the period between 5 min and 24 h. Linear calibration graphs were obtained for 0.001-600 μg L-1 of Ce, having a detection limit of 0.1 ng L-1; the quantification limit of the reaction system was found to be 1 ng L-1 and the RSD was 0-2%. A large excess of over 60 cations, anions and complexing agents (like, chloride, phosphate, azide, tartrate, oxalate, SCN- etc.) do not interfere in the determination. The developed method was successfully used in the determination of cerium in several certified reference materials (alloys, steels, noodles, ores and sediments) as well as in some environmental waters (potable and polluted), biological fluids (human blood, urine and milk), soil samples, food samples (vegetable, rice, corn and wheat), bone samples (human, cow, bull, fish, hen, goat, sheep), solutions containing both cerium(iii) and cerium(iv) and complex. The results of the proposed method for assessing biological, food and vegetables samples were comparable with ICP-OES and were found to be in excellent agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jamaluddin Ahmed
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331 Bangladesh
| | - M Tazul Islam
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331 Bangladesh
| | - Fahima Farhana
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong Chittagong-4331 Bangladesh
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Sivakumar K, Parinamachivayam G, Murali Krishnan M, Chakravarty S, Bharathi A. Preparation, characterization and molecular modeling studies of the beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with benzoguanamine and its analytical application as chemosensor for the selective sensing of Ce 4. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 200:212-225. [PMID: 29689512 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with benzoguanamine (BGA) has been investigated in three states. UV-Visible and fluorescence spectral techniques are used in liquid state. FTIR, NMR and MASS techniques are used in solid state and virtual state studies are done by molecular simulation work. The binding constants for the formation of 1:1 BGA:β-CD inclusion complex is estimated by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectral techniques. The chemosensory ability of BGA:β-CD complex was investigated thoroughly for various metal cations and we found the emission of complex showed a linear increase in the intensity for Ce4+ with the linearity range of 1000 μM-2000 μM. Sensitivity analysis shows good sensing for Ce4+ with the LOD of 671 μM and LOQ of 2034 μM. Our result suggests that the BGA:β-CD inclusion complex would be promising material for developing solid state sensory device for sensing Ce4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya University (SCSVMV University), Enathur, Kanchipuram 631 561, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - G Parinamachivayam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya University (SCSVMV University), Enathur, Kanchipuram 631 561, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Murali Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638 401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sujay Chakravarty
- University Grants Commission-Department of Atomic Energy Consortium for Scientific Research, Kalpakkam Node, Kokilamedu 603 104, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Bharathi
- University Grants Commission-Department of Atomic Energy Consortium for Scientific Research, Kalpakkam Node, Kokilamedu 603 104, Tamilnadu, India
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Zhu L, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhang H, Liang F, Liu S. A Highly Selective and Strong Anti-Interference Host-Guest Complex as Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Amantadine by Indicator Displacement Assay. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040947. [PMID: 29670072 PMCID: PMC6017886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amantadine (AMA) and its derivatives are illicit veterinary drugs that are hard to detect at very low concentrations. Developing a fast, simple and highly sensitive method for the detection of AMA is highly in demand. Here, we designed an anthracyclic compound (ABAM) that binds to a cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) host with a high association constant of up to 8.7 × 108 M−1. The host-guest complex was then used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of AMA. Competition by AMA for occupying the cavity of CB[7] allows ABAM to release from the CB[7]-ABAM complex, causing significant fluorescence quenching of ABAM (indicator displacement assay, IDA). The linear range of the method is from 0.000188 to 0.375 μg/mL, and the detection limit can be as low as 6.5 × 10−5 μg/mL (0.35 nM). Most importantly, due to the high binding affinity between CB[7] and ABAM, this fluorescence host-guest system shows great anti-interference capacity. Thus, we are able to accurately determine the concentration of AMA in various samples, including pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhao Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Xiongzhi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Haijun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Simin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
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7
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Tarlekar P, Khan A, Chatterjee S. Nanoscale determination of antiviral drug acyclovir engaging bifunctionality of single walled carbon nanotubes – nafion film. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Kong D, Liu Y, Wang Z, Jiang L, Cheng J, Xu L, Zhuang Q, Lu CH, Chi Y, Wei QH. Establishment of an electrochemiluminescence quenching method for ribavirin detection in Ru(bpy) 3 2+ /TEA system. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Bavili-Tabrizi A, Bahrami F, Badrouj H. A Very Simple and Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Method Based on the Oxidation with Cerium (IV) for the Determination of Four Different Drugs in Their Pharmaceutical Formulations. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2017.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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10
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Application of Cerium (IV) as an Oxidimetric Agent for the Determination of Ethionamide in Pharmaceutical Formulations. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2016; 2016:5410573. [PMID: 27818836 PMCID: PMC5081969 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5410573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two simple methods are described for the determination of ethionamide (ETM) in bulk drug and tablets using cerium (IV) sulphate as the oxidimetric agent. In both methods, the sample solution is treated with a measured excess of cerium (IV) solution in H2SO4 medium, and after a fixed standing time, the residual oxidant is determined either by back titration with standard iron (II) solution to a ferroin end point in titrimetry or by reacting with o-dianisidine followed by measurement of the absorbance of the orange-red coloured product at 470 nm in spectrophotometry. In titrimetry, the reaction proceeded with a stoichiometry of 1 : 2 (ETM : Ce (IV)) and the amount of cerium (IV) consumed by ETM was related to the latter's amount, and the method was applicable over 1.0–8.0 mg of drug. In spectrophotometry, Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range of 0.5–5.0 μg/mL ETM with a molar absorptivity value of 2.66 × 104 L/(mol·cm). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) calculated according to ICH guidelines were 0.013 and 0.043 μg/mL, respectively. The proposed titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods were found to yield reliable results when applied to bulk drug and tablets analysis, and hence they can be applied in quality control laboratories.
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11
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Abdollahi A, Bavili-Tabrizi A. Determination of Some Cephalosporins in Pharmaceutical Formulations by a Simple and Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Method. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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12
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Sorouraddin SM, Farajzadeh MA, Hassanyani A, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Combination of homogenous liquid–liquid extraction and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of amantadine from biological samples followed by its indirect determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16572a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and simple procedure has been developed for the indirect determination of amantadine in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Sorouraddin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - M. A. Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - A. Hassanyani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - M. R. Afshar Mogaddam
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
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Saleh GA, Askal HF, Refaat IH, Abdel-aal FAM. Adsorptive Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of Acyclovir and Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study Using a Novel Sensor of β-Cyclodextrin Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A. Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
| | - Hassan F. Askal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
| | - Ibrahim H. Refaat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
| | - Fatma A. M. Abdel-aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University
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Can S, Yilmaz S, Saglikoglu G, Sadikoglu M, Menek N. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Acyclovir on Poly(p-Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid) Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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El-Din MS, Eid M, Talaat W. MICELLAR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF RIBAVIRIN, SILYBIN, INTERFERON α 2A, LAMIVUDINE, AND URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID IN DOSAGE FORMS AND BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.698682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohie Sharaf El-Din
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Manal Eid
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Wael Talaat
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Mansoura , Mansoura , Egypt
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El-Didamony AM. Spectrofluorimetric Determination of the Hypertensive Drug Captopril Based on Its Oxidation with Cerium(IV). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Ibrahim FA, Ali FA, Ahmed SM, Tolba MM. Kinetic Spectrofluorometric Determination of Thioctic Acid in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparationsviaits Oxidation with Cerium(IV). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Wang GQ, Qin YF, Du LM, Li JF, Jing X, Chang YX, Wu H. Determination of amantadine and rimantadine using a sensitive fluorescent probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 98:275-281. [PMID: 22959366 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amantadine hydrochloride (AMA) and rimantadine hydrochloride (RIM) are non-fluorescent in aqueous solutions. This property makes their determination through direct fluorescent method difficult. The competing reactions and the supramolecular interaction mechanisms between the two drugs and coptisine (COP) as they fight for occupancy of the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) cavity, were studied using spectrofluorimetry, (1)H NMR, and molecular modeling calculations. Based on the significant quenching of the supramolecular complex fluorescence intensity, a fluorescent probe method of high sensitivity and selectivity was developed to determine AMA or RIM in their pharmaceutical dosage forms and in urine samples with good precision and accuracy. The linear range of the method was from 0.0040 to 1.0 μg mL(-1) with a detection limit ranging from 0.0012 to 0.0013 μg mL(-1). This shows that the proposed method has promising potential for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacokinetics and for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Quan Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, Shanxi 041004, PR China
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19
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Sobczak A, Muszalska I, Rohowska P, Inerowicz T, Dotka H, Jelińska A. Determination of adamantane derivatives in pharmaceutical formulations by using spectrophotometric UV-Vis method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:657-61. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.684391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Alarfaj NA, El‐Tohamy MF. Determination of the anti‐viral drug Ribavirin in dosage forms via micelle‐enhanced spectrofluorimetric method. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:190-4. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawal A. Alarfaj
- Department of Chemistry, College of ScienceKing Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F. El‐Tohamy
- Department of Chemistry, College of ScienceKing Saud University P.O. Box 22452 Riyadh 11495 Saudi Arabia
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Omara HA, Amin AS. Extractive-spectrophotometric methods for determination of anti-Parkinsonian drug in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological samples using sulphonphthalein acid dyes. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Long X, Chen F. Flow injection-chemiluminescence determination of acyclovir. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 27:478-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing; People's Republic of China
| | - Funan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Southwest University; Chongqing; People's Republic of China
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Simultaneous determination of Maillard reaction impurities in memantine tablets using HPLC with charged aerosol detector. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:887-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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AYDOGMUS Z. Spectrofluorometric and HPLC Determinations of Ribavirin in Capsules Based on Fluorescence Derivatization of the Sugar Moiety. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:277-82. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep AYDOGMUS
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University
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Selective Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorometric Methods for the Determination of Amantadine Hydrochloride in Capsules and Plasma via Derivatization with 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate. Int J Anal Chem 2010; 2009:810104. [PMID: 20140080 PMCID: PMC2814141 DOI: 10.1155/2009/810104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
New selective and sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of amantadine hydrochloride (AMD) in capsules and plasma. The methods were based on the condensation of AMD with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium to form an orange-colored product. The spectrophotometric method involved the measurement of the colored product at 460 nm. The spectrofluorometric method involved the reduction of the product with potassium borohydride, and the subsequent measurement of the formed fluorescent reduced AMD-NQS product at 382 nm after excitation at 293 nm. The variables that affected the reaction were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9972–0.9974) and low LOD (1.39 and 0.013 μg mL−1) were obtained in the ranges of 5–80 and 0.05–10
μg mL−1 for the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods, respectively. The precisions of the methods were satisfactory; RSD
≤2.04%. Both methods were successfully applied to the determination of AMD in capsules. As its higher sensitivity, the spectrofluorometric method was applied to the determination of AMD in plasma; the recovery was 96.3–101.2 ± 0.57–4.2%. The results obtained by the proposed methods were comparable with those obtained by the official method
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27
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Al Azzam KM, Saad B, Makahleah A, Aboul-Enein HY, Elbashir AA. Assay and stability-indicating micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of valacyclovir, acyclovir and their major impurity guanine in pharmaceutical formulations. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 24:535-43. [PMID: 19739243 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method for the simultaneous determination of the antiviral drugs acyclovir and valacyclovir and their major impurity, guanine, was developed. The influences of several factors (surfactant and buffer concentration, pH, applied voltage, capillary temperature and injection time) were studied. Using tyramine hydrochloride as internal standard, the analytes were all separated in about 4 min. The separation was carried out in reversed polarity mode at 28 degrees C, 25 kV and using hydrodynamic injection (15 s). The separation was effected in a fused-silica capillary 100 microm x 56 cm and a background electrolyte of 20 mM citric acid-1 M Tris solution (pH 2.75), containing 125 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and detection at 254 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision and selectivity. Calibration curves were linear over the range 0.1-1 microg/mL (guanine) and from 0.1 to 120 microg/mL for both valacyclovir and acyclovir. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day migration times and corrected peak areas were less than 5.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the analytes in tablets and creams. From the previous study it is concluded that the stability-indicating method developed for acyclovir and valacyclovir can be used for analysis of the drug in various stability samples.
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New spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods for determination of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical formulations. Int J Anal Chem 2009; 2009:257306. [PMID: 20107560 PMCID: PMC2809328 DOI: 10.1155/2009/257306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New simple and sensitive spectrophotometric and fluorimetric
methods have been developed and validated for the determination of
fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX) in its pharmaceutical formulations.
The spectrophotometric method was based on the reaction of FLX
with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium
(pH 11) to form an orange-colored product that was measured at 490
nm. The fluorimetric method was based on the reaction of FLX with
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) in an alkaline
medium (pH 8) to form a highly fluorescent product that was
measured at 545 nm after excitation at 490 nm. The variables
affecting the reactions of FLX with both NQS and NBD-Cl were
carefully studied and optimized. The kinetics of the reactions
were investigated, and the reaction mechanisms were presented.
Under the optimum reaction conditions, good linear relationships
were found between the readings and the concentrations of FLX in
the ranges of 0.3–6 and 0.035–0.5 μg mL−1 for the
spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods, respectively. The
limits of detection were 0.1 and 0.01 μg mL−1 for the
spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods, respectively. Both
methods were successfully applied to the determination of FLX in
its pharmaceutical formulations.
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Yadav M, Upadhyay V, Singhal P, Goswami S, Shrivastav PS. Stability evaluation and sensitive determination of antiviral drug, valacyclovir and its metabolite acyclovir in human plasma by a rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:680-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dhaliwal S, Jain S, Singh HP, Tiwary AK. Mucoadhesive microspheres for gastroretentive delivery of acyclovir: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. AAPS JOURNAL 2008; 10:322-30. [PMID: 18523891 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the potential use of mucoadhesive microspheres for gastroretentive delivery of acyclovir. Chitosan, thiolated chitosan, Carbopol 71G and Methocel K15M were used as mucoadhesive polymers. Microsphere formulations were prepared using emulsion-chemical crosslinking technique and evaluated in vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo. Gelatin capsules containing drug powder showed complete dissolution (90.5 +/- 3.6%) in 1 h. The release of drug was prolonged to 12 h (78.8 +/- 3.9) when incorporated into mucoadhesive microspheres. The poor bioavailability of acyclovir is attributed to short retention of its dosage form at the absorption sites (in upper gastrointestinal tract to duodenum and jejunum). The results of mucoadhesion study showed better retention of thiolated chitosan microspheres (8.0 +/- 0.8 h) in duodenal and jejunum regions of intestine. The results of qualitative and quantitative GI distribution study also showed significant higher retention of mucoadhesive microspheres in upper GI tract. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that administration of mucoadhesive microspheres could maintain measurable plasma concentration of acyclovir through 24 h, as compared to 5 h after its administration in solution form. Thiolated chitosan microsphere showed superiority over the other formulations as observed with nearly 4.0-fold higher AUC(0-24) value (1,090 +/- 51 ng h/ml) in comparison to drug solution (281 +/- 28 ng h/ml). Overall, the result indicated prolonged delivery with significant improvement in oral bioavailability of acyclovir from mucoadhesive microspheres due to enhanced retention in the upper GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Dhaliwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Simultaneous determination of aciclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 867:270-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2007] [Revised: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bosch ME, Sánchez AJR, Rojas FS, Ojeda CB. Ribavirin: Analytical determinations since the origin until today. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:185-93. [PMID: 17628382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin (RV) (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), is a synthetic purine nucleoside analog with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. To better understand the mechanism of action of RV, as well as its pharmacokinetic characteristics, an assay that can allow specific, sensitive, and accurate measurement of RV in biologic samples is critical. In this way, diverse analytical methods have been established. In this work, we have recompiled these methods with the aim to present the different options for the RV determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Espinosa Bosch
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Wang N, Tang Y, Xiong X, Han X, Yu C. A New Flow‐Injection Chemiluminescence Method for the Determination of Acyclovir and Gancyclovir. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600614206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Karim MM, Lee SH, Kim YS, Bae HS, Hong SB. Fluorimetric Determination of Cerium(IV) with Ascorbic Acid. J Fluoresc 2006; 16:17-22. [PMID: 16496217 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-005-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, and selective method for the determination of cerium(IV), based on the oxidative reaction between cerium(IV) and ascorbic acid, has been described. The fluorescence comes from Ce(III) at lambda(excitation) 298 nm and lambda(emission) 358 nm, which, in turn, is obtained from the oxidation of ascorbic acid by Ce(IV) in the presence of sulfuric acid. The optimum conditions such as concentrations of ascorbic acid, sulfuric acid media and pH of the buffer solution were investigated. The fluorescent intensity of the system is linear over the range 0.0531 microg/ml to 0.3322 mg/ml Ce(IV) and detection limit and correlation coefficient are 0.0145 microg/ml and R=0.99987, respectively.
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