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Abdulhafez Hamad A, Saad Al-Farhan B, El Hamd MA, Abdelrahman KS, Soltan OM, Abdel-Aal MAA, Fouad A, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Soltan MK. Utility of Cilefa Pink B, a foodstuff dye as a fluoro-substrate in the devising of the first facile green Molecular-mass-Related Fluorescence Sensor for quantifying amlodipine in batched material and dosage forms; content uniformity evaluation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123744. [PMID: 38157690 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces the first and unique Molecular-mass-Related Fluorescence Sensor as the first fluorimetric strategy for determining amlodipine. An environmentally friendly, single-step, and direct spectrofluorimetric approach was utilized to evaluate the analyte. In an acidic setting, combining the amlodipine medication and the fluorescent dye Cilefa Pink B generated an instantaneous ultra-fluorescent product. An increase in dye response after adding amlodipine was proportional to the molecular weight of the generated complex, as measured at 329 nm. was the idea ofthe applied fluorimetric analysis. The complexing process increased the molecular mass from 879.86 to 1288.739 g mol-1. The medication's range of 0.050-1.00 µg mL-1 is directly correlated with this molecular massenlargement. The ideal settings for the changeable parameters of the system were established through an analysis of the response of the amlodipine-Cilefa Pink B system. Furthermore, the developed sensor complied with ICH (International Council for Harmonization) standards. The sensitivity limits were 0.0139 µg mL-1 (for the detection limit, LOD) and 0.042 µg mL-1 (for the quantification limit, LOQ). Additionally, this method effectively recovered the drug in its original and therapeutic dosage forms. Finally, the proposed process's environmental impact was also assessed through different modern greenness evaluation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Badriah Saad Al-Farhan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
| | - Kamal S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa K Soltan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
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Z Sharkawi MM, Mohamed NR, El-Saadi MT, Amin NH. Validated green chromatographic methods for determination of amlodipine and celecoxib in presence of methylacetophenone. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:969-983. [PMID: 34085866 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Green, accurate and rapid methods, namely LC-MS/MS and thin layer chromatography-densitometric methods, were developed for determination of amlodipine besylate and celecoxib in presence of its process-related impurities, 4-methylacetophenone in pure and formulated tablets. Results: LC-MS/MS was achieved on ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column using methanol:aqueous solution of 5 mM formic acid (95:5 v/v). High sensitivity with low limit of detection values 0.00028, 0.00027 and 0.0003 for amlodipine, celecoxib and 4-methylacetophenone, respectively were obtained. While, thin layer chromatography-densitometric was established using methanol:water:ammonia (70:25:1.5, by volume). Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.1-10 μg/band, 1-150 μg/band and 0.01-2 μg/band for amlodipine, celecoxib and 4-methylacetophenone, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed method validation was achieved according to ICH guidelines. Those methods possess advantages of being ecofriendly methods which permit their application in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Z Sharkawi
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, AlshaheedShehata Ahmed Hegazy St., Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Norhan R Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T El-Saadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Kantra branch, Egypt
| | - Noha H Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Ahmed Khand A, Ahmed Lakho S, Tahira A, Ahmed M, Aftab U, Abro MI, Juno AA, Nafady A, Ibupoto ZH. Synthesis of Sheet Like Nanostructures of NiO Using Potassium Dichromate as Surface Modifying Agent for the Sensitive and Selective Determination of Amlodipine Besylate (ADB) Drug. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed Khand
- School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Physiology University of Sindh Jamshoro Jamshoro 76080 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed Lakho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Sindh Pakistan
| | - Aneela Tahira
- Department of Science and Technology Campus Norrköping Linköping University SE-60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Mansoor Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Sindh Pakistan
| | - Umair Aftab
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering MUET Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishaq Abro
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering MUET Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan
| | | | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
- Dr. M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry University of Sindh Jamshoro Jamshoro 76080 Sindh Pakistan
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Said R, Arafat B, Arafat T, Mallah E. An LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Triple Drugs Combination of Valsartan, Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Human Plasma for Bioequivalence Study. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666191111125807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Current guidelines for the treatment of hypertension recommend combination
therapy, which intends to control blood pressure and enhance cardiovascular protection.
Materials and Methods:
A sensitive, reliable and selective tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
method has been developed for simultaneous quantification of amlodipine (AML), valsartan (VAL)
and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma. The chromatographic system was equipped with
ACE 5 C8 (50 X 2.1 mm) column and utilized a mobile phase composition of 0.5 mM Ammonium
Chloride & 0.04% FA-Methanol (45:55% v/v). The method used three internal standards; AML-D4,
HCTZ-D2 C13 and VAL-D3 with 10% intra- and inter-day precision, and 6% bias for all the analytes.
Results:
The assay was found to be linear with R-2 > 0.998, and the limits of quantification for AML,
VAL and HCTZ were 0.2, 50.0 and 2.0 ng/mL, respectively. The analytes were found to be stable in
plasma samples over short and long term storage.
:
The developed method is rapid with a run time of 3.5 min and cost-effective since the simple sample
preparation method is adopted. This method was successfully applied for the bioequivalence study of
AML, VAL, and HCTZ in human plasma after administration of the fixed-dose combination tablet of
(10/160/25 mg). Pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax and AUC0-72) for AML and (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞)
for VAL and HCTZ were used for bioequivalence assessment. These were determined by noncompartmental
analysis of concentration data.
Conclusion:
The result showed 90% confidence intervals (obtained by ANOVA) which were within
the predefined ranges. As a consequence, this method can be successfully applied for measuring and
quantifying a large number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Said
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Basel Arafat
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tawfiq Arafat
- Jordan Center for Pharmaceutical Research (JCPR), Amman, Jordan
| | - Eyad Mallah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Courlet P, Guidi M, Alves Saldanha S, Cavassini M, Stoeckle M, Buclin T, Marzolini C, Decosterd LA, Csajka C. Population pharmacokinetic modelling to quantify the magnitude of drug-drug interactions between amlodipine and antiretroviral drugs. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:979-987. [PMID: 33452585 PMCID: PMC8184532 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-03060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) represent an important issue in elderly people living with HIV (PLWH). Amlodipine is a commonly prescribed antihypertensive drug metabolized by CYP3A4, thus predisposed to a risk of DDIs. Guidance on the management of DDIs is mostly based on theoretical considerations derived from coadministration with other CYP3A4 inhibitors. This study aimed at characterizing the magnitude of DDIs between amlodipine and ARV drugs in order to establish dosing recommendations. METHODS A population pharmacokinetic analysis was developed using non-linear mixed effect modelling (NONMEM) and included 163 amlodipine concentrations from 55 PLWH. Various structural and error models were compared to characterize optimally the concentration-time profile of amlodipine. Demographic and clinical characteristics as well as comedications were tested as potential influential covariates. Model-based simulations were performed to compare amlodipine exposure (i.e. area under the curve, AUC) between coadministered ARV drugs. RESULTS Amlodipine concentration-time profile was best described using a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and a lag-time. Amlodipine apparent clearance was influenced by both CYP3A4 inhibitors and efavirenz (CYP3A4 inducer). Model-based simulations revealed that amlodipine AUC increased by 96% when coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors, while efavirenz decreased drug exposure by 59%. CONCLUSION Coadministered ARV drugs significantly impact amlodipine disposition in PLWH. Clinicians should adjust amlodipine dosage accordingly, by halving the dosage in PLWH receiving ARV with inhibitory properties (mainly ritonavir-boosted darunavir), whereas they should double amlodipine doses when coadministering it with efavirenz, under appropriate monitoring of clinical response and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Courlet
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monia Guidi
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Susana Alves Saldanha
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Stoeckle
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catia Marzolini
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent A Decosterd
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Csajka
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Kokilambigai KS, Kavitha J, Seetharaman R, Lakshmi KS, Sai Susmitha A. Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques for the Quantification of the Calcium Channel Blocker - Amlodipine: A Critical Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:754-786. [PMID: 32506944 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1772036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is elevated to an extent where benefit is obtained from blood pressure lowering. The risk of complications is proportional to the level that blood pressure raises. Calcium channel blockers are a class of compounds used in the treatment of hypertension. The dihydropyridine (DHP) group, a subclass of the calcium channel blocker works almost exclusively on L-type calcium channels in the peripheral arterioles and reduce blood pressure by reducing total peripheral resistant. Long acting DHP is preferred because they are more convenient for patients and avoid the large fluctuations in plasma drug concentration which are associated with side effects. Amlodipine is the most distinct DHP and the most popular. The drug was patented in the year 1986 and its commercial sale began by 1990. The current article provides a state of art about the analytical and bioanalytical techniques available for the quantification of drug as a single entity and in combined pharmaceutical formulations between 1989 and 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kokilambigai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Kavitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Seetharaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Sai Susmitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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7
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Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of nano-fixed dose combination for hypertension. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1593-1602. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Attimarad M, Narayanswamy VK, Aldhubaib BE, SreeHarsha N, Nair AB. Development of UV spectrophotometry methods for concurrent quantification of amlodipine and celecoxib by manipulation of ratio spectra in pure and pharmaceutical formulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222526. [PMID: 31525229 PMCID: PMC6746368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved a new oral dosage preparation of amlodipine besylate (AML) and celecoxib (CEL) for the management of hypertension and osteoarthritis. However, no simultaneous estimation procedures for these two analytes have been described. Hence, two simple, accurate, and precise ultraviolet spectroscopic procedures that manipulated the ratio spectra were established for concurrent quantification of AML and CEL using ethanol as a solvent. The first method involves determining the peak-to-trough amplitude difference of the ratio spectra of AML and CEL. The second method involves determining the peak amplitude of the ratio first derivative (Δλ 4 nm) spectra of AML and CEL at 334.2 nm and 254.2 nm, correspondingly. Both methods showed linearity in the range of 1–6 μg mL-1 for AML and 5–40 μg mL-1 for CEL with an excellent correlation coefficient (<0.999). The proposed procedures were validated by following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for accuracy, precision, selectivity, recovery, and stability studies. It is evident from the low %RSD and %RE that both analytical procedures were found to be accurate and precise, respectively. The percent recovery of AML and CEL from the formulation was found to be 99.79% and 99.34% using the ratio-difference method and 100.13% and 99.70% using the ratio first-derivative method, with a low percent relative standard deviation. Further, the proposed techniques permit concurrent quantification of AML and CEL in different concentration ratios without interference from each other; hence, these techniques can be adopted for regular quality-control studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
- * E-mail:
| | - Venugopla Katarigatta Narayanswamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bandar Essa Aldhubaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
| | - Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
| | - Anroop Balachandran Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, KSA
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Madhuri C, Manohara Reddy YV, Prabhakar Vattikuti S, Švorc Ľ, Shim J, Madhavi G. Trace-level determination of amlodipine besylate by immobilization of palladium-silver bi-metallic nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide as an electrochemical sensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Desai PR, Mehta PJ, Chokshi AB. Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Quantification of 15 Organic Impurities of Olmesartan Medoxomil, Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combined Dosage Form. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Electrochemical Biosensor for the Determination of Amlodipine Besylate Based on Gelatin–Polyaniline Iron Oxide Biocomposite Film. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8060233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Wang L, Liu W, Zhang Z, Tian Y. Validated LC-MS/MS method for the determination of amlodipine enantiomers in rat plasma and its application to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:74-81. [PMID: 29860181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive method was established to determine amlodipine enantiomers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Stereoselective separation was performed on CHIRALCEL OZ-RH column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with acetonitrile-water (10 mM ammonium acetate, 0.5% ammonia solution) (95:5, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The substances were detected by mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source interface in positive ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring was selected with the transition of the m/z 409.1 → 238.0 for amlodipine enantiomers and m/z 237.0 → 194.1 for carbamazepine (IS) respectively. Calibration curves were linear at the range of 0.9375-120 ng/mL for both isomers with r > 0.99, while using a lower sample volume (50 μL) compared with previously reported enantiospecific methods The accuracy was at the range of 84.1-119.0% for R-amlodipine, and 87.4-118.2% for S-amlodipine, respectively. The within- and between-run precision (CV%) was within 10% in all cases for both enantiomers. Enantiomers were stable under different conditions, e.g. processed sample, short-term, residue, long-term and freeze/thaw. The LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic study of amlodipine enantiomers in rats. It was observed the concentration of the S- amlodipine was significantly higher than that of the R-amlodipine in racemate-treated group. And there was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic profiles of the S-amlodipine between the 10 mg/kg racemate- and 5 mg/kg S-amlodipine-treated groups. In addition, it was the first time to find that the main pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞) and Cmax) of R-amlodipine were significantly lower in the 5 mg/kg R-amlodipine-treated group compared with the racemate-treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia lane, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Consistency Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Validated LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine and Its Major Metabolites in Human Plasma of Hypertensive Patients. Ther Drug Monit 2017; 39:625-631. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Atarodi Shahri P, Sharifi Rad A, Beigoli S, Saberi MR, Chamani J. Human serum albumin–amlodipine binding studied by multi-spectroscopic, zeta-potential, and molecular modeling techniques. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Hrichi H, Monser L, Adhoum N. A novel electrochemical sensor based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted poly(aniline-co-anthranilic acid) for sensitive detection of amlodipine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Heo S, Choi JY, Yoo GJ, Park SK, Baek SY. Simultaneous analysis of 35 specific antihypertensive adulterants in dietary supplements using LC/MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Heo
- Advanced Analysis Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex; Cheongju-si Cheongwoungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Choi
- Advanced Analysis Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex; Cheongju-si Cheongwoungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joo Yoo
- Advanced Analysis Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex; Cheongju-si Cheongwoungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwan Park
- Advanced Analysis Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex; Cheongju-si Cheongwoungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Baek
- Advanced Analysis Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation; Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex; Cheongju-si Cheongwoungcheongbuk-do Republic of Korea
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De Nicolò A, Avataneo V, Rabbia F, Bonifacio G, Cusato J, Tomasello C, Perlo E, Mulatero P, Veglio F, Di Perri G, D'Avolio A. UHPLC-MS/MS method with protein precipitation extraction for the simultaneous quantification of ten antihypertensive drugs in human plasma from resistant hypertensive patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:535-541. [PMID: 27497654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Today the management of resistant hypertension is a critical health problem: the main difficulty on this field is the discrimination of cases of poor therapeutic adherence from cases of real resistance. This gives rise to the need of high throughput and reliable quantification methods for the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of antihypertensive drugs. The aim of this work was the development and validation of a UHPLC-Tandem mass spectrometry assay for this application and its use in plasma from patients with resistant hypertension. The novelty of this method resides in the ability to simultaneously quantify a wide panel of antihypertensive drugs: amlodipine, atenolol, clonidine, chlortalidone, doxazosin, hydrochlorothiazide, nifedipine, olmesartan, ramipril and telmisartan. Moreover, this method stands out for its simplicity and cheapness, resulting feasible for clinical routine. Both standards and quality controls were prepared in human plasma. After the addition of internal standard, each sample underwent protein precipitation with acetonitrile and was then dried. Extracts were resuspended in water:acetonitrile 90:10 (0.05% formic acid) and then injected into the chromatographic system. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity(®) UPLC HSS T3 1.8μm 2.1×150mm column, with a gradient of water and acetonitrile, both added with 0.05% formic acid. Accuracy, intra-day and inter-day precision fitted FDA guidelines for all analytes, while matrix effects and recoveries resulted stable between samples for each analyte. Finally, we tested this method by monitoring plasma concentrations in 22 hypertensive patients with good results. This simple analytical method could represent a useful tool for the management of antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo De Nicolò
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valeria Avataneo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Rabbia
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU "Città della Salute e della Scienza", Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bonifacio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Cusato
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Tomasello
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Perlo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU "Città della Salute e della Scienza", Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU "Città della Salute e della Scienza", Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Veglio
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU "Città della Salute e della Scienza", Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension Unit, University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU "Città della Salute e della Scienza", Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases(2), University of Turin, Department of Medical Sciences, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Aydoǧmuş Z. Simultaneous determination of aliskiren, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in spiked human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ibrahim F, El-Enany N, Shalan SH, Abo Shabana RA. Second-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of nebivolol hydrochloride and amlodipine besylate in their combined dosage form. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:1011-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ibrahim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Mansoura; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - N. El-Enany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Mansoura; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - SH Shalan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Mansoura; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - R. A. Abo Shabana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Mansoura; 35516 Mansoura Egypt
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Coulometric differential FFT admittance voltammetry determination of Amlodipine in pharmaceutical formulation by nano-composite electrode. Talanta 2015; 131:577-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Tiwari RN, Shah N, Bhalani V, Mahajan A. LC, MS n and LC-MS/MS studies for the characterization of degradation products of amlodipine. J Pharm Anal 2014; 5:33-42. [PMID: 29403913 PMCID: PMC5761482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, comprehensive stress testing of amlodipine (AM) was carried out according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q1A(R2) guideline. AM was subjected to acidic, neutral and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress conditions. The drug showed instability in acidic and alkaline conditions, while it remained stable to neutral, oxidative, light and thermal stress. A total of nine degradation products (DPs) were formed from AM, which could be separated by the developed gradient LC method on a C18 column. The products formed under various stress conditions were investigated by LC–MS/MS analysis. The previously developed LC method was suitably modified for LC–MS/MS studies by replacing phosphate buffer with ammonium acetate buffer of the same concentration (pH 5.0). A complete fragmentation pathway of the drug was first established to characterize all the degradation products using LC–MS/MS and multi-stage mass (MSn) fragmentation studies. The obtained mass values were used to study elemental compositions, and the total information helped with the identification of DPs, along with its degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi N Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM׳s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Near Bank of Tapi River, Agra-Mumbai Road, Babulde, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nishit Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM׳s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Near Bank of Tapi River, Agra-Mumbai Road, Babulde, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Bhalani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM׳s NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Near Bank of Tapi River, Agra-Mumbai Road, Babulde, Shirpur, Dist. Dhule 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anand Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Mannemala SS, Nagarajan JSK. Development and validation of a HPLC-PDA bioanalytical method for the simultaneous estimation of Aliskiren and Amlodipine in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:346-52. [PMID: 24931898 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple, unique and selective HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of aliskiren (ALS) and amlodipine (AML) in human plasma. Extraction of the sample was accomplished by protein precipitation. Plasma proteins were precipitated by employing acetonitrile containing hydrochlorothiazide as internal standard. The compounds were analyzed by HPLC by using PDA detector on a Hibar C18 (250 × 4.6 mm) column with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 4.2 and 25 mm; 60:40 v/v) with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Different sample pretreatment techniques were evaluated but protein precipitation was found to be satisfactory, offering good recovery values of 97.11-98.45% for ALS and 97.5-99.12% for AML. The within-day precisions for ALS were 96.66, 99.16 and 99.41% at 90, 240 and 480 ng/mL, respectively, and for AML they were 97.27, 99.54 and 99.31% at 3.3, 8.8 and 17.6 ng/mL, respectively. The between-day precisions for ALS were 96.66, 99.16 and 99.41% at 90, 240 and 480 ng/mL, respectively and the between-day precisions for AML were 98.18, 99.20 and 99.40% at 3.3, 8.8 and 17.6 ng/mL, respectively. The limit of quantitation was 30 and 1.0 ng/mL for ALS and AML respectively. Different constituents of plasma proteins did not interfere with the absolute recovery of ALS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sandeep Mannemala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS University, Udhagamandalam, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu, India
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23
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Panahi HA, Chabouk M, Ejlali M. Hollow-fiber-supported liquid membrane microextraction of amlodipine and atorvastatin. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2018-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Homayon Ahmad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry; Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Monireh Chabouk
- Department of Chemistry; Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Maryam Ejlali
- Department of Chemistry; Central Tehran Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
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24
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Al Lawati HAJ, Al-Nadabi MM, Varma GB, Suliman FEO, Al-Abri H. A lab-on-a-chip device for analysis of amlodipine in biological fluids using peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence system. LUMINESCENCE 2014; 29:1148-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haider A. J. Al Lawati
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; PO Box 36 Al-Khod 123 Oman
| | | | - Gouri B. Varma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; PO Box 36 Al-Khod 123 Oman
| | - Fakhr Eldin O. Suliman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; PO Box 36 Al-Khod 123 Oman
| | - Hasnaa Al-Abri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; PO Box 36 Al-Khod 123 Oman
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25
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Belal TS, Mahrous MS, Abdel-Khalek MM, Daabees HG, Khamis MM. Validated spectrofluorimetric determination of two pharmaceutical antihypertensive mixtures containing amlodipine besylate together with either candesartan cilexetil or telmisartan. LUMINESCENCE 2014; 29:893-900. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek S. Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry; University of Alexandria; Alexandria Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Mahrous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Alexandria; Alexandria Egypt
| | | | - Hoda G. Daabees
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Damanhour University; Damanhour Egypt
| | - Mona M. Khamis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Alexandria; Alexandria Egypt
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26
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Gadepalli SG, Deme P, Kuncha M, Sistla R. Simultaneous determination of amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide by LC-ESI-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics in rats. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:399-406. [PMID: 29403906 PMCID: PMC5761358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypill is a fixed-dose combination that contains three or more active ingredients used as a single daily pill to achieve a large effect in preventing cardiovascular disease with minimal adverse effects. A novel and accurate liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method using electrospray ionization mode has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine (AMD), valsartan (VAL) using losartan (LOS) as an internal standard (IS), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) using furosemide (FSD) as an IS. The separation was carried on Aquasil C18 (50 mm×2.1 mm, 5 µm) reversed phase column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL. The intra and inter-day precision and accuracy, stability and extraction recoveries of all the analytes were in the acceptable range. This method can be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of AMD, VAL and HCT when given as a polypill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Ganesh Gadepalli
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
| | - Pragney Deme
- National Center for Mass Spectrometry, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500007, India
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Development and validation of an rp-hplc method for simultaneous determination of Ramipril and Amlodipine in tablets. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:440-446. [PMID: 29403852 PMCID: PMC5761019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An rp-hplc method for the simultaneous determination of Ramipril (RP) and Amlodipine (AL) in tablets was developed and validated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010. The linearity of the proposed method was investigated in the range of 0.01–0.25 mg/mL (r2=0.9998) for RP and 0.014–0.36 mg/mL (r2=0.9997) for AL. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.06 μg/mL and 0.02 μg/mL for RP and AL, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.2 μg/mL and 0.07 μg/mL, respectively. Some major impurities and degradation products did not disturb the detection of RP and AL and the assay can thus be considered stability-indicating.
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28
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Shah S, Asnani A, Kawade D, Dangre S, Arora S, Yende S. Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Amlodipine Besylate in Plasma by High-performance Liquid Chromatography Technique. J Young Pharm 2013; 4:88-94. [PMID: 22754260 PMCID: PMC3385223 DOI: 10.4103/0975-1483.96622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid, simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for quantification of olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) and amlodipine besylate (AM) in plasma. The assay enables the measurement of OLM and AM for therapeutic drug monitoring with a minimum detectable limit of 2 ng mL. The method involves a simple, one-step extraction procedure and analytical recovery was above 50%. The separation was performed on an analytical 250 × 4.6 mm Eurospher 100-5 C18 column. The wavelength was set at 239 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile:0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer: 0.1 mL triethylamine at pH 6.8 was selected at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min. The calibration curve for the determination of OLM and AM in plasma was linear over the range 2–2500 and 8–10,000 ng mL AM and OLM. The coefficients of variation for interday and intraday assay were found to be <15%. The method can be applied to a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of OLM and AM in a combined dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, India
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29
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Li J, Li Y, Zhang W, Chen Z, Fan G. Glucose-β-CD interaction assisted ACN field-amplified sample stacking in CZE for determination of trace amlodipine in beagle dog plasma. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1817-25. [PMID: 23495256 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and low-cost method using CE coupled with glucose-β-CD interaction assisted ACN stacking technique has been developed for quantification of trace amlodipine in dog plasma. The plasma samples were extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether. The separation was performed at 25°C in a 31.2 cm × 75 μm fused-silica capillary with an applied voltage of 15 kV. The BGE was composed of 6.25 mM borate/25 mM phosphate (pH 2.5) and 5 mg/mL glucose-β-CD. The detection wavelength was 200 nm. Because CD could diminish the interaction between drugs and matrix, and derivation groups of CD play an important role in separation performance, the effects of β-CD, and its derivatives on the separation were studied at several concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/mL). In this study, organic solvent field-amplified sample stacking technique in combination with glucose-β-CD enhanced the sensitivity about 60-70 folds and glucose-β-CD could effectively improve the peak shape. All the validation data, such as accuracy, precision extraction recovery, and stability, were within the required limits. The calibration curve was linear for amlodipine from 1 to 200 ng/mL. The method developed was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies of amlodipine besylate in beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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30
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Yacoub M, awwad AA, Alawi M, Arafat T. Simultaneous determination of amlodipine and atorvastatin with its metabolites; ortho and para hydroxy atorvastatin; in human plasma by LC–MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 917-918:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Lv CM, Wei CM, Bu FL, Chen R, Wang XL, Li R, Wang BJ, Guo RC. Determination of Amlodipine in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS and Its Bioequivalence Study in Healthy Chinese Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2013.42027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Eranki RJV, Inti G, Jayaraman V, Pannala R, Vidiyala SR, Ramulu JS. New Stability Indicating Method for Quantification of Impurities in Amlodipine and Benazepril Capsules by Validated HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2013.412086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chang H, Li J, Li J, Guan X, Sun F, Qian Z, Bi K, Fan G. Simultaneous determination of amlodipine and bisoprolol in rat plasma by a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method and its application in pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 71:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kadioglu Y, Ozturk M. Spectrofluorimetric determination of amlodipine in human plasma without derivatization. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of amlodipine (AD), a calcium channel blocker, in the plasma. The type of solvent, the wavelength range, and the range of AD concentration were selected to optimize the experimental conditions. The calibration curves were linear (r² >0.997) in the concentration range of 0.1-12.5 ppm of AD. The limit of quantitation and limit of detection values for the method for plasma samples were 0.1 ppm and 0.07 ppm, respectively. The precision calculated as the relative standard deviation was less than 3.5%, and the accuracy (relative error) was better than 5.5% (n=6). The method developed in this study can be directly and easily applied for the determination of AD in the plasma without derivatization in plasma.
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35
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Mahmoud AM, Abdel-Wadood HM, Mohamed NA. Kinetic spectrophotometric method for determination of amlodipine besylate in its pharmaceutical tablets. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:334-341. [PMID: 29403763 PMCID: PMC5760782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for determination of amlodipine besylate (AML). The method was based on the condensation reaction of AML with 7-chloro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole in an alkaline buffer (pH 8.6) producing a highly colored product. The color development was monitored spectrophometrically at the maximum absorption λmax 470 nm. The factors affecting the reaction were studied and the conditions were optimized. The stoichiometry of the reaction was determined, and the reaction pathway was postulated. Moreover, both the activation energy and the specific rate constant (at 70 °C) of the reaction were found to be 6.74 kcal mole-1 and 3.58 s-1, respectively. The initial rate and fixed time methods were utilized for constructing the calibration graphs for the determination of AML concentration. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were 0.35 and 1.05 μg/mL, respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the relative standard deviations were 0.85-1.76%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of AML in its pure form and tablets with good accuracy; the recovery percentages ranged from 99.55±1.69% to 100.65±1.48%. The results were compared with that of the reported method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niveen A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Zhao J, Wu HL, Niu JF, Yu YJ, Yu LL, Kang C, Li Q, Zhang XH, Yu RQ. Chemometric resolution of coeluting peaks of eleven antihypertensives from multiple classes in high performance liquid chromatography: a comprehensive research in human serum, health product and Chinese patent medicine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 902:96-107. [PMID: 22795572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemometric-assisted high performance liquid chromatography method coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was presented for the simultaneous determination of eleven antihypertensives from multiple classes in most concerned matrix systems. With the aid of second-order calibration which enables specific information of analytes to be well extracted, the heavily overlapping profiles between analytes and the coeluting interferences can be successfully separated and thus accurately quantified. A great advantage of the novel strategy lies in the fact that the analysis could be carried out with the same isocratic mobile phase (methanol/KH(2)PO(4): 58:42, v/v, pH 2.60) in a short time regardless of the changes of matrices, such as human serum, health product and Chinese patent medicine. Both qualitative and quantitative results indicate that the hybrid strategy that using HPLC-DAD coupled with second-order chemometric method would be a high performance approach for the purpose of simultaneously quantifying multiple classes of antihypertensives in complex systems. Additionally, the analytical strategy can potentially benefit drug monitoring in both therapeutic research and pharmaceutical quality control. Moreover, the accuracy and reliability of the proposed methodology has been evaluated using several statistical parameters such as root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP), figures of merit (FOM) and reproducibility of inter-day analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
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Santhana Lakshmi K, Lakshmi S. Simultaneous Analysis of Losartan Potassium, Amlodipine Besylate, and Hydrochlorothiazide in Bulk and in Tablets by High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography with UV-Absorption Densitometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:108281. [PMID: 22567550 PMCID: PMC3335319 DOI: 10.1155/2012/108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A Simple high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for separation and quantitative analysis of losartan potassium, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations has been established and validated. After extraction with methanol, sample and standard solutions were applied to silica gel plates and developed with chloroform : methanol : acetone : formic acid 7.5 : 1.3 : 0.5 : 0.03 (v/v/v/v) as mobile phase. Zones were scanned densitometrically at 254 nm. The R(f) values of amlodipine besylate, hydrochlorothiazide, and losartan potassium were 0.35, 0.57, and 0.74, respectively. Calibration plots were linear in the ranges 500-3000 ng per spot for losartan potassium, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide, the correlation coefficients, r, were 0.998, 0.998, and 0.999, respectively. The suitability of this method for quantitative determination of these compounds was by validation in accordance with the requirements of pharmaceutical regulatory standards. The method can be used for routine analysis of these drugs in bulk and in formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sivasubramanian Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM University, Tamilnadu, Kattankulathur 603 203, India
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Simple RP-HPLC method for determination of triple drug combination of valsartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA 2012; 62:45-58. [PMID: 22472448 DOI: 10.2478/v10007-012-0004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple RP-HPLC method for the quantification of valsartan (VAL), amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in human plasma was developed and validated. VAL, AML and HCT were resolved using a Gemini C18 column and mobile phase gradient starting from 20 % acetonitrile and 80 % 10 mmol L(-1) ammonium formate (V/V, pH 3.5 ± 0.2, by formic acid) to 70 % acetonitrile and 30 % 10 mmol L(-1) ammonium formate, over 20 minutes, with a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1). The samples were purified by protein precipitation and extraction. Telmisartan was used as internal standard. The method was validated according to USFDA and EMEA guidelines with good reproducibility and linear responses R = 0.9985 (VAL), 0.9964 (AML), and 0.9971 (HCT). RSDs of intra- and inter-day precision ranged 2.2-8.1 and 4.6-11.7 %, respectively, for all three drugs. Mean extraction recoveries of three QCs for the triple drug combination were 76.5 (VAL), 72.0 (AML) and 73.0 (HCT) % for human plasma. Although the LC-MS/MS method is more sensitive than HPLC, HPLC is still suitable for preliminary pharmacokinetic study. The experiments performed demostrated that simultaneous determination of all components of the triple drug combination in human plasma can be done by this method. Proposed method can be also used for guidance to the LC-MS/MS method.
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El-Gizawy SM, Abdelmageed OH, Omar MA, Deryea SM, Abdel-Megied AM. Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine, Valsartan, Hydrochlorothiazide in Dosage Form and Spiked Human Plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.36055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Khalil NY, Wani TA, Abunassif MA, Darwish IA. SENSITIVE HPLC METHOD WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION AND ON-LINE WAVELENGTH SWITCHING FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF VALSARTAN AND AMLODIPINE IN HUMAN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.593069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Y. Khalil
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abunassif
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Darwish
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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41
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Varghese SJ, Ravi TK. QUANTITATIVE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AMLODIPINE, VALSARTAN, AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN “EXFORGE HCT” TABLETS USING HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.565539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susheel John Varghese
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy , Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences , Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thengungal Kochupappy Ravi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy , Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences , Tamil Nadu, India
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42
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Voltammetric determination of amlodipine besylate in human urine and pharmaceuticals. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 79:234-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Ishizaki J, Fukaishi A, Fukuwa C, Yamazaki S, Tabata M, Ishida T, Suga Y, Arai K, Yokogawa K, Miyamoto KI. Evaluation of Selective Competitive Binding of Basic Drugs to .ALPHA.1-Acid Glycoprotein Variants. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:95-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ishizaki
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Akiko Fukaishi
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Chie Fukuwa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Satoko Yamazaki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Mayu Tabata
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Takuya Ishida
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Yukio Suga
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Kunizo Arai
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Koichi Yokogawa
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
- Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Ken-ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
- Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
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44
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Shama SA, Amin AS, Mabrouk ESM, Omara HA. Utility of oxidation–reduction reaction for the spectrophotometric determination of amlodipine besylate. ARAB J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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45
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Kakde R, Bawane N. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of metoprolol succinate and amlodipine besylate in pharmaceutical preparations. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Pedroso CF, Oliveira JG, Campos FR, Gonçalves AG, Trindade ACLB, Pontarolo R. A Validated RP–LC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Losartan Potassium and Amlodipine Besilate in Pharmaceutical Preparations. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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KASAWAR GB, FAROOQUI MN. Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine Besylate and Benazepril Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by LC. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:1495-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan B KASAWAR
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Post Graduate Studies and Research Center, Moulana Azad College Rouza Bagh
| | - Mazahar N FAROOQUI
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Post Graduate Studies and Research Center, Moulana Azad College Rouza Bagh
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48
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Determining amlodipine in blood plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Pharm Chem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-008-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Abdel-Wadood HM, Mohamed NA, Mahmoud AM. Validated spectrofluorometric methods for determination of amlodipine besylate in tablets. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 70:564-70. [PMID: 17889593 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Two simple and sensitive spectrofluorometric methods have been developed and validated for determination of amlodipine besylate (AML) in tablets. The first method was based on the condensation reaction of AML with ninhydrin and phenylacetaldehyde in buffered medium (pH 7.0) resulting in formation of a green fluorescent product, which exhibits excitation and emission maxima at 375 and 480 nm, respectively. The second method was based on the reaction of AML with 7-chloro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) in a buffered medium (pH 8.6) resulting in formation of a highly fluorescent product, which was measured fluorometrically at 535 nm (lambda(ex), 480 nm). The factors affecting the reactions were studied and optimized. Under the optimum reaction conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9949-0.9997) were found between the fluorescence intensity and the concentrations of AML in the concentration range of 0.35-1.8 and 0.55-3.0 microg ml(-1) for ninhydrin and NBD-Cl methods, respectively. The limits of assays detection were 0.09 and 0.16 microg ml(-1) for the first and second method, respectively. The precisions of the methods were satisfactory; the relative standard deviations were ranged from 1.69 to 1.98%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of AML in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy; the recovery percentages ranged from 100.4-100.8+/-1.70-2.32%. The results were compared favorably with those of the reported method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M Abdel-Wadood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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50
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Ma Y, Qin F, Sun X, Lu X, Li F. Determination and pharmacokinetic study of amlodipine in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1540-5. [PMID: 17174058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel, specific and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of amlodipine in human plasma. The analysis was carried out on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C(18) column (50 mm x 2.1 mm, i.d., 1.7 microm) with gradient elution at a flow-rate of 0.35 ml/min. The mobile phase was water and acetonitrile under gradient conditions (both containing 0.3% formic acid) and nimodipine was used as the internal standard. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via Turbo ion spray ionization (ESI). Linear calibration curves were obtained over the concentration range 0.15-16.0 ng/ml, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.15 ng/ml. The intra- and inter-day precision (R.S.D.) values were below 15% and the accuracy (R.E.) was -2.3% to 6.9% at all three QC levels. The method was used to support clinical pharmacokinetic studies of amlodipine in healthy volunteers following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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