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Mehmood A, Iftikhar A, Chen X. Food-derived bioactive peptides with anti-hyperuricemic activity: A comprehensive review. Food Chem 2024; 451:139444. [PMID: 38678657 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HU) is a metabolic disorder caused by the overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid (UA) in the human body. Several approved drugs for the treatment of HU are available in the market; however, all these allopathic drugs exhibit multiple side effects. Therefore, the development of safe and effective anti-HU drugs is an urgent need. Natural compounds derived from foods and plants have the potential to decrease UA levels. Recently, food-derived bioactive peptides (FBPs) have gained attention as a functional ingredient owing to their biological activities. In the current review, we aim to explore the urate-lowering potential and the underlying mechanisms of FBPs. We found that FBPs mitigate HU by reducing blood UA levels through inhibiting key enzymes such as xanthine oxidase, increasing renal UA excretion, inhibiting renal UA reabsorption, increasing anti-oxidant activities, regulating inflammatory mediators, and addressing gut microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, FBPs exhibit strong potential to ameliorate HU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan and Akhtar Saeed College of Pharmacy, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Xiumin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Hao L, Ding Y, Fan Y, Tian Q, Liu Y, Guo Y, Zhang J, Hou H. Identification of Hyperuricemia Alleviating Peptides from Yellow Tuna Thunnus albacares. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12083-12099. [PMID: 38757561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of food-derived antihyperuricemic substances is important for alleviating hyperuricemia (HUA) and associated inflammation. Here, novel peptides fromThunnus albacares (TAP) with strong antihyperuricemic activity were prepared. TAP was prepared by alkaline protease (molecular weight <1000 Da), with an IC50 value of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 2.498 mg/mL, and 5 mg/mL TAP could reduce uric acid (UA) by 33.62% in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells (P < 0.01). Mice were fed a high-purine diet and injected with potassium oxonate to induce HUA. Oral administration of TAP (600 mg/kg/d) reduced serum UA significantly by 42.22% and increased urine UA by 79.02% (P < 0.01) via regulating urate transporters GLUT9, organic anion transporter 1, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G2. Meantime, TAP exhibited hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects, according to histological analysis. Besides, HUA mice treated with TAP showed anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the levels of toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factors-κB p65, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the kidneys (P < 0.01). According to serum non-targeted metabolomics, 91 differential metabolites between the MC and TAP groups were identified, and purine metabolism was considered to be the main pathway for TAP alleviating HUA. In a word, TAP exhibited strong antihyperuricemic activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, P.R. China
| | - Yulian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, P.R. China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoji Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, P.R. China
| | - Yueting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Qingdao Langyatai Group Co., Ltd, No. 3316 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266400, P.R. China
| | - Hu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, P.R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, P.R. China
- Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, Hainan Province 572024, P.R. China
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Qi X, Ma Y, Guan K, Zhao L, Ma Y, Wang R. Whey Protein Peptide Pro-Glu-Trp Ameliorates Hyperuricemia by Enhancing Intestinal Uric Acid Excretion, Modulating the Gut Microbiota, and Protecting the Intestinal Barrier in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2573-2584. [PMID: 38240209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in the concentrations of uric acid (UA) in the bloodstream, intricately linked to the onset and progression of numerous chronic diseases. The tripeptide Pro-Glu-Trp (PEW) was identified as a xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory peptide derived from whey protein, which was previously shown to mitigate HUA by suppressing UA synthesis and enhancing renal UA excretion. However, the effects of PEW on the intestinal UA excretion pathway remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of PEW on alleviating HUA in rats from the perspective of intestinal UA transport, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier. The results indicated that PEW inhibited the XOD activity in the serum, jejunum, and ileum, ameliorated intestinal morphology changes and oxidative stress, and upregulated the expression of ABCG2 and GLUT9 in the small intestine. PEW reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis by decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Desulfovibrio) and increasing the abundance of beneficial microbes (e.g., Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcus) and elevated the concentration of short-chain fatty acids. PEW upregulated the expression of occludin and ZO-1 and decreased serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. Our findings suggested that PEW supplementation ameliorated HUA by enhancing intestinal UA excretion, modulating the gut microbiota, and restoring the intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yanfeng Ma
- Mengniu Hi-tech Dairy (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101107, China
| | - Kaifang Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Le Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
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Wang S, Xue Y, Zhang P, Yan Q, Li Y, Jiang Z. CRISPR/Cas9 System-Mediated Multi-copy Expression of an Alkaline Serine Protease in Aspergillus niger for the Production of XOD-Inhibitory Peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15194-15203. [PMID: 37807677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 system-mediated multi-copy expression of an alkaline serine protease (AoproS8) from Aspergillus oryzae was successfully built in Aspergillus niger. Furthermore, AoproS8 was continuously knocked in the glaA, amyA, and aamy gene loci in A. niger to construct multi-copy expression strains. The yield of the AoproS8 3.0 strain was 2.1 times higher than that of the AoproS8 1.0 strain. Then, a high protease activity of 11,023.2 U/mL with a protein concentration of 10.8 mg/mL was obtained through fed-batch fermentation in a 5 L fermenter. This is the first report on the high-level expression of alkaline serine proteases in A. niger. AoproS8 showed optimal activity at pH 9.0 and 40 °C. It was used for the production of xanthine oxidase (XOD)-inhibitory peptides from eight food processing protein by-products. Among them, the duck hemoglobin hydrolysates showed the highest XOD-inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 2.39 mg/mL. Thus, our work provides a useful way for efficient expression of proteases in A. niger and high-value utilization of protein by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shounan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yibin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe City 462000, Henan Province, China
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Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Peptides from Larimichthys polyactis: Characterization and In Vitro/In Silico Evidence. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050982. [PMID: 36900499 PMCID: PMC10001067 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is linked to a variety of disorders that can have serious consequences for human health. Peptides that inhibit xanthine oxidase (XO) are expected to be a safe and effective functional ingredient for the treatment or relief of hyperuricemia. The goal of this study was to discover whether papain small yellow croaker hydrolysates (SYCHs) have potent xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) activity. The results showed that compared to the XOI activity of SYCHs (IC50 = 33.40 ± 0.26 mg/mL), peptides with a molecular weight (MW) of less than 3 kDa (UF-3) after ultrafiltration (UF) had stronger XOI activity, which was reduced to IC50 = 25.87 ± 0.16 mg/mL (p < 0.05). Two peptides were identified from UF-3 using nano-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These two peptides were chemically synthesized and tested for XOI activity in vitro. Trp-Asp-Asp-Met-Glu-Lys-Ile-Trp (WDDMEKIW) (p < 0.05) had the stronger XOI activity (IC50 = 3.16 ± 0.03 mM). The XOI activity IC50 of the other peptide, Ala-Pro-Pro-Glu-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Ser-Val-Trp (APPERKYSVW), was 5.86 ± 0.02 mM. According to amino acid sequence results, the peptides contained at least 50% hydrophobic amino acids, which might be responsible for reducing xanthine oxidase (XO) catalytic activity. Furthermore, the inhibition of the peptides (WDDMEKIW and APPERKYSVW) against XO may depend on their binding to the XO active site. According to molecular docking, certain peptides made from small yellow croaker proteins were able to bind to the XO active site through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The results of this work illuminate SYCHs as a promising functional candidate for the prevention of hyperuricemia.
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Wan P, Cai B, Chen H, Chen D, Zhao X, Yuan H, Huang J, Chen X, Luo L, Pan J. Antidiabetic effects of protein hydrolysates from Trachinotus ovatus and identification and screening of peptides with α-amylase and DPP-IV inhibitory activities. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100446. [PMID: 36816000 PMCID: PMC9932700 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the antidiabetic properties of Trachinotus ovatus protein hydrolysates (TOH) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were investigated, and peptides with α-amylase (AAM) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities were identified and screened. The results showed that TOH alleviated body weight loss, polyphagia, blood glucose elevation and insulin secretion decline in diabetic mice. After 4 weeks of TOH administration, random blood glucose (RBG) decreased significantly. The TOH groups showed a dose-dependent reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG), especially in the high-dose TOH group, which reduced FBG by 58% versus the effect of metformin. Moreover, TOH exerted a remarkable protective effect on hepatorenal function, as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and decreased serum urea levels. Histopathological studies confirmed that TOH can significantly protect the kidney and pancreas from histological changes, which was of great benefit for ensuring the normal secretion of insulin and preventing the occurrence of complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Two fractions with higher inhibitory activity against AAM and DPP-IV, F4 and F6, were obtained from the ultrafiltration of TOH-2 (≤3 kDa). A total of 19 potentially active peptides from F4 and 3 potentially active peptides from F6 were screened by LC‒MS/MS combined with bioinformatic analysis. These peptides are small molecular peptides composed of 2-6 amino acids, rich in characteristic amino acids such as proline, arginine, phenylalanine and asparagine, and contain high proportions of peptides (68% for F4, 67% for F6) with hydrophobicity ≥50%. They offer potent antidiabetic potential and could potentially bind to the active sites in the internal cavities of the target enzymes AAM and DPP-IV. In summary, this study revealed for the first time the antidiabetic effects of protein hydrolysates of Trachinotus ovatus and their derived peptides, which are promising natural ingredients with the potential to be used for the treatment or prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Meteria Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Bingna Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Meteria Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Meteria Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Deke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Meteria Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiangtan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Meteria Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Huabiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Meteria Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jingtong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Meteria Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Jianyu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Meteria Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, Guangdong, China.
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Song Y, Li J, Tian H, Xiang H, Chen S, Li L, Hu X. Copper chelating peptides derived from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as tyrosinase inhibitor: Biological evaluation, in silico investigation and in vivo effects. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112307. [PMID: 36596203 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Binuclear copper ions at the active site determine the catalysis of tyrosinase (TYR)1 whose activity can be inhibited by copper's chelation with other compounds. In this study, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin was used to generate TYR-inhibitory peptides after being treated by different enzymes and 4 h-Alcaline protease hydrolysate exhibited the highest TYR inhibition and copper chelation. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography was used for purifying copper chelating peptides, among which PFRMY (IC50: 0.43 ± 0.08 mg/mL) and RGFTGM (IC50: 1.61 ± 0.04 mg/mL) exhibited the highest TYR-inhibitory capacity and the lowest docking energy. Both two peptides inhibited TYR in a mixed manner and interacted with key residues binding to copper ions within TYR mainly by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces, while PFRMY had a more compact and stable conjugation with TYR. Zebrafish assay revealed that PFRMY reduced not only melanin synthesis but in vivo TYR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Song
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Han Tian
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Qi X, Chen H, Guan K, Sun Y, Wang R, Ma Y. Identification, inhibitory mechanism and transepithelial transport of xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides from whey protein after simulated gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal absorption. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Qi X, Chen H, Guan K, Sun Y, Wang R, Li Q, Ma Y. Novel xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides derived from whey protein: identification, in vitro inhibition mechanism and in vivo activity validation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106097. [PMID: 35985156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As the development of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout continues to accelerate worldwide, there is increasing interest in the use of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the management of HUA and gout. In the present study, XO inhibitory peptides were identified from whey protein isolate (WPI) hydrolysates, and the underlying inhibitory mechanism and in vivo activities was investigated. WPI hydrolysates were isolated and purified, and two peptides (ALPM and LWM) with lower binding energy were screened by molecular docking. The result showed that these two peptides interacted with residues around the active site of XO through hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. The IC50 values of ALPM and LWM were 7.23 ± 0.22 and 5.01 ± 0.31 mM, respectively. According to the Lineweaver-Burk curve, the inhibition types of ALPM and LWM were non-competitive inhibition. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated ALPM and LWM could change the secondary structure of XO. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that XO-peptide complexes were more stable and compact than XO. Moreover, animal studies have shown that ALPM and LWM have anti-hyperuricemia effects in vivo. This study suggested that ALPM and LWM can be considered as natural XO inhibitors for the treatment of HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kaifang Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rongchun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiming Li
- New Hope Dairy Co, Ltd, Chengdu 610063, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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