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Feng S, Deng G, Liu H, Shi H, Li P, Li X, Chen T, Zhou L, Yuan M, Ding C. Extraction and identification of polyphenol from Camellia oleifera leaves using tailor-made deep eutectic solvents based on COSMO-RS design. Food Chem 2024; 444:138473. [PMID: 38330599 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera leaf is a rich source of polyphenols. In this study, 50 polyphenolic compounds from C. oleifera leaves was identified by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Accordingly, COSMO-RS was used in the design of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to extract those polyphenols. 17 types of choline chloride (ChCl)-based DESs molecules (ChCl-acid, ChCl-sugar, ChCl-alcohol, ChCl-amine and amide) were synthetized into virtual cluster molecules with Materials Studio software. They were used to determine the activity coefficients with the standard compounds. The results showed that the amine and amide-based DESs exhibited outstanding dissolution effects. Additionally, ChCl-acetamide was selected as the solvent in response surface methodology to optimize the ultrasound-assisted DES extraction process parameters, including ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and liquid-solid ratio, resulting in an improved total phenolic content of 131.63 ± 0.85 mg GAE/g. This study developed a system utilizing UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS to acquire specific substances required for COSMO-RS calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Guanfeng Deng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Huanyao Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Haiqiu Shi
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Pingjin Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Xiang Z, Liu L, Xu Z, Kong Q, Feng S, Chen T, Zhou L, Yang H, Xiao Y, Ding C. Solvent Effects on the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Associated with Camellia polyodonta Flower Extracts. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27192-27203. [PMID: 38947808 PMCID: PMC11209931 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Camellia polyodonta flowers contain limited information available regarding the composition of their bioactive compounds and activity. The objective of this study was to identify phenolic compounds and investigate the effect of different solvents (ethanol and methanol) on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in C. polyodonta flowers. The analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS revealed the presence of 105 phytochemicals and the most common compounds were flavonols, procyanidins, and ellagitannins. Interestingly, flavonol triglycosides were identified for the first time in these flowers. The study demonstrated that the concentration of the solvent had a significant impact on the total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid compound (TFC), and total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC). The TPC, TFC, and TPAC showed a remarkable increase with the increasing concentration of the solvent, reaching their maximum levels (138.23 mg GAE/g DW, 421.62 mg RE/g DW, 60.77 mg PB2E/g DW) at 70% ethanol. However, the total anthocyanin content reached its maximum at low concentrations (0.49 mg CGE/g DW). Similar trends were observed in the antioxidant activity, as measured by the DPPH· assay (DPPH radical scavenging activity), ABTS·+ assay (ABTS radical cation scavenging activity), and FRAP assay (Ferric reducing antioxidant power). The maximum antioxidant activity was observed at 100% solvents and 70% methanol. Among the 14 individual phenolic compounds, 70% methanol yielded the highest content for 8 (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B4, epicatechin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragaline and quercitrin) out of the 14 compounds. Additionally, it was found that epicatechin was the most abundant phenolic compound, accounting for approximately 20339.37 μg/g DW. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that 70% methanol is the most effective solvent for extracting polyphenols from C. polyodonta flowers. These results provided chemical information and potential antioxidant value for further research in C. polyodonta flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Xiang
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
- Institute
of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food
Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Li Liu
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Panxi
Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Qingbo Kong
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Shiling Feng
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
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Xiang Z, Liu L, Xu Z, Kong Q, Liang H, Feng S, Chen T, Zhou L, Yang H, Ding C. Purification of Phenolic Compounds from Camellia polyodonta Flower: Composition Analysis, Antioxidant Property, and Hypolipidemic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:662. [PMID: 38929101 PMCID: PMC11200836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Camellia polyodonta flowers are rich sources of phenolics and less attention has been paid to their potential biological activity. This study aims to explore the crude extracts and resulting purified fractions (CPFP-I, II, III, and IV) through compositional analysis and antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities in vitro and in vivo. Among four fractions, CPFP-II contained the highest total phenolic content and flavonoid content, while CPFP-III exhibited the greatest total proanthocyanidin content. Among the 14 phenolic compounds, CPFP-II displayed the highest content of procyanidin B2, B4, and C1, whereas CPFP-III contained the highest amount of 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose. The DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assessments demonstrated a consistent trend: CPFP-II > CPFP-III > CPFP-I > CPFP-IV. In vivo experiments showed that that all four fractions significantly reduced lipid levels in hyperlipidemic C. elegans (p < 0.05), with CPFP-II exhibiting the most potent effect. Furthermore, CPFP-II effectively bound to bile acids and inhibited the enzymatic activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro. Consequently, CPFP-II should be prioritized as a promising fraction for further exploration and should provide substantial support for the feasibility of the C. polyodonta flower as a natural alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Xiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Zhou Xu
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Qingbo Kong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Heng Liang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Shiling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Lijun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
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Niu J, Jia X, Yang N, Ran Y, Wu X, Ding F, Tang D, Tian M. Phytochemical analysis and anticancer effect of Camellia oleifera bud ethanol extract in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1359632. [PMID: 38606171 PMCID: PMC11007092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1359632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is a medicine food homology plant widely cultivated in the Yangtze River Basin and southern China due to its camellia oil. Camellia oleifera bud and fruit exist simultaneously, and its bud is largely discarded as waste. However, C. oleifera bud has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the chemical components of C. oleifera bud ethanol extract (EE) and first evaluate its anticancer effects in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS analysis, seventy components were identified. For anticancer activity, C. oleifera bud EE had remarkable cytotoxic effect on non-small cell lung cancer A549 (IC50: 57.53 ± 1.54 μg/mL) and NCI-H1299 (IC50: 131.67 ± 4.32 μg/mL) cells, while showed lower cytotoxicity on non-cancerous MRC-5 (IC50 > 320 μg/mL) and L929 (IC50: 179.84 ± 1.08 μg/mL) cells. It dramatically inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Additionally, it induced apoptosis in A549 cells through a mitochondria-mediated pathway, which decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated Bax, activated caspase 9 and caspase 3, and resulted in PARP cleavage. Wound healing and transwell invasion assays demonstrated that C. oleifera bud EE inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The above findings indicated that C. oleifera bud EE revealed notable anticancer effects by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing migration and invasion of A549 cells. Hence, C. oleifera bud ethanol extract could serve as a new source of natural anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Niu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nian Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanquan Ran
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Furong Ding
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Minyi Tian
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Southwest Medicine and Food, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Xiang Z, Zhu B, Yang X, Deng J, Zhu Y, Gan L, Yu M, Chen J, Xia C, Chen S. Comprehensive Analysis of Phenolic Constituents, Biological Activities, and Derived Aroma Differences of Penthorum chinense Pursh Leaves after Processing into Green and Black Tea. Foods 2024; 13:399. [PMID: 38338534 PMCID: PMC10855198 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Penthorum chinense Pursh (Penthoraceae) is a traditional herb used in Miao medical systems that is also processed into foods (e.g., tea products) in China. Different processing methods significantly affect the volatile compounds, phenolic constituents, and biological activities. This study aimed to produce P. chinense green tea leaves (GTL), black tea leaves (BTL), and untreated leaves (UL) to investigate differences in their flavor substances, functional components, antioxidant activity, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. The results showed that 63, 56, and 56 volatile compounds were detected in UL, GTL, and BTL, respectively, of which 43 volatile compounds were identified as differential metabolites among them. The total phenolic content (97.13-179.34 mg GAE/g DW), flavonoid content (40.07-71.93 mg RE/g DW), and proanthocyanidin content (54.13-65.91 mg CE/g DW) exhibited similar trends, decreasing in the order of UL > BTL > GTL. Fourteen phenolic compounds were determined, of which gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and pinocembrin 7-O-glucoside showed a sharp decrease in content from UL to BTL, while the content of pinocembrin 7-O-(3″-O-galloy-4″, 6″-hexahydroxydiphenoyl)-glucoside and pinocembrin significantly increased. GTL showed better DPPH/ABTS·+ scavenging ability and ferric-reducing ability than UL. The ADH and ALDH activities decreased in the order of GTL > UL > BTL. Therefore, tea products made with P. chinense leaves contained an abundance of functional compounds and showed satisfactory antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities, which are recommended for daily consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Xiang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Boyu Zhu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Xing Yang
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Junlin Deng
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Yongqing Zhu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Manyou Yu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chen Xia
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China; (Z.X.); (B.Z.); (X.Y.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (L.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Song Chen
- Gucui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646500, China;
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Castillo-Carrión M, Martínez-Espinosa R, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ, Fernández-López J, Viuda-Martos M, Lucas-González R. Nutritional, Fatty Acids, (Poly)phenols and Technological Properties of Flower Powders from Fuchsia hybrida and Alcea rosea. Foods 2024; 13:237. [PMID: 38254537 PMCID: PMC10814466 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fuchsia hybrida (pena pena) and Alcea rosea L. (malvagoma) are predominant flowers in the "Horchata" infusion, a traditional beverage in southern Ecuador, to which some medicinal properties are attributed. However, there is very little published information about these two flower species. The current study aimed to obtain two dehydrated powders of these flowers and to determine their chemical composition, physicochemical and technological properties, polyphenols, and fatty acids profile. In both powdered flowers, carbohydrates predominated, with a significant content of dietary fiber and fructose. The fat content was low, mainly comprising polyunsaturated fats (62% pena pena and 52% malvagoma), with a significant presence of omega-3 (C18:3n-3,6,9) and omega-6 (C18:2n-6,9) fatty acids, showing a better n-6/n-3 balance in the malvagoma flowers. Pena pena flowers are highlighted by high anthocyanin and ellagic acid amounts, whereas malvagoma contains a high content of flavanones. In conclusion, the studied powder flowers, could be used in the formulation of new foods or as source of anthocyanins as food colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Castillo-Carrión
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador; (M.C.-C.); (R.M.-E.)
| | - Ruth Martínez-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110108, Ecuador; (M.C.-C.); (R.M.-E.)
| | - José Ángel Pérez-Álvarez
- IPOA Research Group, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UHM), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.Á.P.-Á.); (J.F.-L.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Juana Fernández-López
- IPOA Research Group, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UHM), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.Á.P.-Á.); (J.F.-L.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA Research Group, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UHM), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.Á.P.-Á.); (J.F.-L.); (M.V.-M.)
| | - Raquel Lucas-González
- IPOA Research Group, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UHM), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (J.Á.P.-Á.); (J.F.-L.); (M.V.-M.)
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avda. Galicia No. 4, 32900 Ourense, Spain
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Zeng HT, Zheng T, Tang Q, Xu H, Chen M. Integrative metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the coloration mechanism in Camellia oleifera petals with different color. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:19. [PMID: 38166635 PMCID: PMC10759395 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camellia olelfera petals are colorful, and have high ornamental value. However, the color formation mechanism of C. olelfera petals with different color is still unclear. In our study, WGCNA method was applied to integrate metabolites and transcriptomes to investigate the coloration mechanism of four C. olelfera cultivars with different petal colors. RESULTS Here, a total of 372 flavonoids were identified (including 27 anthocyanins), and 13 anthocyanins were significantly differentially accumulated in C. olelfera petals. Among them, cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-p-Coumaroyl) glucoside was the main color constituent in pink petals, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl) glucoside were the main contributors to candy pink petals, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside was the important color substance responsible for the red petals of C. oleifera. Furthermore, six structural genes (Co4CL1, CoF3H1, CoF3'H, CoANS, CoUGT75C1-4, and CoUGT75C1-5), three MYBs (CoMYB1, CoMYB4, and CoMYB44-3), three bHLHs (CobHLH30, CobHLH 77, and CobHLH 79-1), and two WRKYs (CoWRKY7 and CoWRKY22) could be identified candidate genes related to anthocyanins biosynthesis and accumulation, and lead to the pink and red phenotypes. The regulatory network of differentially accumulated anthocyanins and the anthocyanins related genes in C. olelfera petals were established. CONCLUSIONS These findings elucidate the molecular basis of the coloration mechanisms of pink and red color in C. olelfera petals, and provided valuable target genes for future improvement of petals color in C. olelfera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Zeng
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengjiao Chen
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Hanzhong, 723001, Shaanxi, China
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Zeng H, Chen M, Zheng T, Tang Q, Xu H. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Accumulation Patterns of Flavonoids and Volatile Compounds in Camellia oleifera Petals with Different Color. Molecules 2023; 28:7248. [PMID: 37959668 PMCID: PMC10650325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To systematically and comprehensively investigate the metabolic characteristics of coloring substances and floral aroma substances in Camellia oleifera petals with different colors, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) metabolomics methods were applied to determine the metabolic profiles of white, candy-pink and dark-red petals. The results revealed that 270 volatile organic compounds were detected, mainly terpenoids, heterocyclic, esters, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, and alcohols, in which phenylethyl alcohol, lilac alcohol, and butanoic acid, 1-methylhexyl ester, hotrienol, alpha-terpineol and 7-Octen-4-ol, 2-methyl-6-methylene-, (S)-, butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester, 2,4-Octadienal, (E,E)- could act as the floral scent compounds. A total of 372 flavonoid compounds were identified, and luteolin, kaempferol, cyanidin and peonidin derivatives were considered as the main coloring substances for candy-pink and dark-red petal coloration. In conclusion, this study intuitively and quantitatively exhibited the variations in flower color and floral scent of C. oleifera petal with different colors caused by changes in variations of flavonoids and volatile organic compound composition, and provided useful data for improving the sensory quality and breeding of C. oleifera petals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Zheng
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Qinba Mountain Area Collaborative Innovation Center of Bioresources Comprehensive Development, Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment (Incubation), School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (H.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.T.); (H.X.)
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Chen T, Tang M, Zhao XR, Feng SL, Liu L, Zhou LJ, Cao XH, Huang Y, Yang HY, Ding CB. Antioxidant potential evaluation of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera Abel in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125726. [PMID: 37422249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The extraction process, structural characterization and free radical scavenging ability of polysaccharides from Camellia oleifera have already been widely studied. However, the antioxidant activities are still lack of systematic experiments. In this study, we used Hep G2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate the antioxidant potential of polysaccharides that from C. oleifera flowers (P-CF), leaves (P-CL), seed cakes (P-CC) and fruit shells (P-CS). The results showed all these polysaccharides could protect cells from oxidative damage induced by t-BHP. The highest cell viabilities were 66.46 ± 1.36 % (P-CF), 55.2 ± 2.93 % (P-CL), 54.49 ± 1.29 % (P-CC) and 61.45 ± 1.67 % (P-CS), respectively. Studies have shown that four polysaccharides may protect cells from apoptosis by reducing ROS levels and maintaining MMP balance. Moreover, P-CF, P-CL, P-CC and P-CS increased the survival rate of C. elegans under thermal stress, which reduced the production of ROS by 56.1 ± 0.67 %, 59.37 ± 1.79 %, 16.63 ± 2.51 % and 27.55 ± 2.62 %, respectively. P-CF and P-CL showed stronger protective effects on C. elegans by increasing the nuclear entry rate of DAF-16 and stimulating the expression of SOD-3. Our study suggested that C. oleifera polysaccharides have the potential to develop into a natural supplement agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Min Tang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xin-Ran Zhao
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Shi-Ling Feng
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Li Liu
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiao-Han Cao
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Hong-Yu Yang
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Chun-Bang Ding
- College of life science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Shahidi F, Hossain A. Importance of Insoluble-Bound Phenolics to the Antioxidant Potential Is Dictated by Source Material. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010203. [PMID: 36671065 PMCID: PMC9854999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insoluble-bound phenolics (IBPs) are extensively found in the cell wall and distributed in various tissues/organs of plants, mainly cereals, legumes, and pulses. In particular, IBPs are mainly distributed in the protective tissues, such as seed coat, pericarp, and hull, and are also available in nutritional tissues, including germ, epicotyl, hypocotyl radicle, and endosperm, among others. IBPs account for 20-60% of the total phenolics in food matrices and can exceed 70% in leaves, flowers, peels, pulps, seeds, and other counterparts of fruits and vegetables, and up to 99% in cereal brans. These phenolics are mostly covalently bound to various macromolecules such as hemicellulose, cellulose, structural protein, arabinoxylan, and pectin, which can be extracted by acid, alkali, or enzymatic hydrolysis along with various thermal and non-thermal treatments. IBPs obtained from various sources exhibited a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. In this contribution, the chemistry, distribution, biological activities, metabolism, and extraction methods of IBPs, and how they are affected by various treatments, are summarized. In particular, the effect of thermal and non-thermal processing on the release of IBPs and their antioxidant potential is discussed.
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Xue F, Li C. Effects of ultrasound assisted cell wall disruption on physicochemical properties of camellia bee pollen protein isolates. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 92:106249. [PMID: 36459901 PMCID: PMC9712773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Camellia bee pollen protein isolates were extracted by cell wall disruption using ultrasonication, freeze-thawing, enzymatic hydrolysis, and their combinations. The effects of these methods on microstructure of cell wall, protein release, protein yield, physiochemical properties and structure of proteins were investigated. As compared with physical treatments (ultrasonication, freeze-thawing and their combination), the enzymatic hydrolysis significantly improved the yield of proteins, because it not only promoted the release of proteins from the inside of pollen, but also released proteins in pollen wall. The proteins extracted by enzymatic hydrolysis method also exhibited better solubility, emulsifying and gelation properties due to the partial hydrolysis of proteins by protease. In addition, when ultrasound was combined with freeze-thawing or enzymatic hydrolysis, it could further improve the yield of proteins and the functional properties of proteins, which was mainly related to the changes of protein structure induced by cavitation effect of ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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12
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Izcara S, Perestrelo R, Morante-Zarcero S, Sierra I, Câmara JS. Volatilomic fingerprinting from edible flowers. Unravelling some impact compounds behind its attractiveness. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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