1
|
Sánchez-García J, Muñoz-Pina S, García-Hernández J, Heredia A, Andrés A. Impact of Air-Drying Temperature on Antioxidant Properties and ACE-Inhibiting Activity of Fungal Fermented Lentil Flour. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050999. [PMID: 36900516 PMCID: PMC10001291 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Pleurotus ostreatus enhances the nutritional value of legumes. However, drying can cause significant changes in physical and nutritional properties of the final products. Thus, this work studies the impact of air-drying temperature (50, 60, and 70 °C) on relevant properties (antioxidant properties, ACE-inhibitory capacity, phytic acid, colour, and particle size) of two fermented lentils flour (Pardina and Castellana) using freeze-drying as a reference method. Castellana variety is a better substrate for Pleurotus, generating four times more biomass. In addition, an almost total reduction of phytic acid from 7.3 to 0.9 mg/g db is achieved in this variety. Air-drying significantly decreased the particle size and the final colour with ΔE > 20; nonetheless, the temperature does not play a crucial role. SSF decreased the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity regardless of the variety, however, drying at 70 °C increased total phenolic content (186%) in fermented Castellana flour. Comparing drying methods, freeze-drying implied a higher decrease in those parameters, reducing the TPC from 2.4 to 1.6 and from 7.7 to 3.4 mg gallic acid/g db in Pardina and Castellana dried flours. Finally, the flours inhibit the angiotensin I-converting-enzyme, and fermentation and drying increased their potential cardiovascular benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Sánchez-García
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IUIAD-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Muñoz-Pina
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IUIAD-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jorge García-Hernández
- Centro Avanzado de Microbiología de Alimentos (CAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Heredia
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IUIAD-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Andrés
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IUIAD-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng Z, Zheng X, Ying Z, Feng Y, Wang B, Dou B. Drying of Chinese medicine residues (CMR) by hot air for potential utilization as renewable fuels: drying behaviors, effective moisture diffusivity, and pollutant emissions. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36627933 PMCID: PMC9815893 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High moisture in Chinese medicine residues (CMR) can decrease the energy efficiency of thermochemical conversion, which necessitates the pre-drying. Owing to the complex constituents and decoction, CMR may possess distinct drying characteristics. It is necessary to understand its drying behaviors, effective moisture diffusivity, and pollutant emissions for future design and optimization of an industrial-level dryer. In this study, the drying of four types of typical CMR in hot nitrogen was performed. Their condensate and exhaust gas were collected and characterized. The results indicated that their drying process was dominated by internal moisture transport mechanism with a long falling rate stage. Drying temperature influenced their drying process more greatly than N2 velocity did. Residual sum of squares, root mean square error, and coefficient of determination indicated that Weibull model demonstrated their drying process best. Their effective moisture diffusivity was in the range of 1.224 × 10-8 to 4.868 × 10-8 m2/s, while their drying activation energy ranged from 16.93 to 30.39 kJ/mol. The acidic condensate had high chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen concentration and yet low total phosphorus concentration. The concentration of total volatile organic compounds, non-methane hydrocarbons, H2S, and NH3 in the exhaust gas met the national emission limitation, while the deodorization of exhaust gas was required to remove odor smell. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-03722-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Feng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Zhi Ying
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Yuheng Feng
- Thermal and Environment Engineering Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Binlin Dou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
PANTOJA ESPINOSA DC, RODRÍGUEZ CORTINA J, HERNÁNDEZ CARRIÓN M, OSORIO MORA O. Drying and cooking effects on the final quality of pea grains (Pisum sativum L.) varieties. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Wang N, Yang S, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Zheng X, Jiang P, Chen Y. Drying kinetics and quality characteristics of daylily dried by mid-infrared. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Industrially, the use of far-infrared (FIR) as a heat source for drying daylily presents some issues, such as high energy consumption and large loss of nutrients. The use of mid-infrared (MIR) was performed to study the drying of daylily to explore its advantages, with the FIR drying as a comparison. Drying models were established by the drying kinetics, and the changes of nutrition, rehydration ratio (RR) and water migration pattern were researched. The results showed the best-fitting drying model was the Modified Henderson and Pabis model. Under the same temperature, compared with FIR drying, the drying time of MIR drying was shortened by 50%, the effective moisture diffusivity (D
eff) was increased by 103%, the drying activation energy (E
a) was reduced by 10%, the reducing sugar and ascorbic acid retention rate was increased by 13.9% and 9.7%, respectively. The MIR drying had better RR and water migration characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , No. 29, No. 13 Ave., TEDA , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Shuaiyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , No. 29, No. 13 Ave., TEDA , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Yifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , No. 29, No. 13 Ave., TEDA , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , No. 29, No. 13 Ave., TEDA , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Xuechao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , No. 29, No. 13 Ave., TEDA , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Peiyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , No. 29, No. 13 Ave., TEDA , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , No. 29, No. 13 Ave., TEDA , Tianjin 300457 , China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, drying of tomato slices was studied in a laboratory scale batch dryer working at conditions specific for geographical locations with low ambient pressure and low relative humidity of air. Tomato is a perishable farm product with high moisture content. Despite their high value, tomatoes are subjected to wastage and spoilage during their seasonal period; to last longer after harvested, they need to be treated by drying. Drying is one of the most widely used methods of tomato preserving for a longer period of time. This study involves experimental work on tomatoes drying in a tray laboratory batch dryer with the dimensions of (490 × 330 × 310) mm, a load cell-force sensor (range: 0–5 kg), fan (speed: 0–2500 rpm), air flow sensor (0–150 l/min) and a temperature and humidity monitoring system. This study was aimed at the development of a suitable drying method for the production of dehydrated agricultural products under specific air properties and climate conditions such as low ambient pressure and low relative humidity. During the experiment, the average ambient pressure was 82 kPa, and the average relative humidity of air was 20 %. Drying characteristics of tomato slices were determined at three temperature levels, namely: 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C,and three air flow rates: 30 l/s, 40 l/s and 50 l/s, for each temperature level. In this study, the effect of temperature, air flow rate, and ambient conditions on the drying rate of tomato slices were studied. The results indicate that during the experiments, tomatoes were dried to the final moisture content of 32.2 % from 92 %. Drying time at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70°C, and air flow of 30 l/s was 17.80 h, 15.80 h, and 14.08 h, respectively. For the air flow rate of 40 l/s, the drying time was 15.0 h, 12.9 h and 11.7 h and for the air flow rate of 50 l/s, the drying time of tomato slices was 14.0 h, 11.6 h and 10.2 h, respectively.
Collapse
|